Keratinocyte growth factor and thiazolidinediones and linolenic acid differentiate characterized mammary fat pad adipose stem cells isolated from prepubertal Korean black goat to epithelial and adipogenic lineage

Reza, A. M.,Shiwani, S.,Singh, N. K.,Lohakare, J. D.,Lee, S. J.,Jeong, D. K.,Han, J. Y.,Rengaraj, D.,Lee, B. W. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 In vitro cellular & developmental biology Animal Vol.50 No.3

The study was conducted to know and investigate the mechanism involved during mesenchymal to epithelial transition to unravel questions related to mammary gland development in prepubertal Korean black goat. We, therefore, biopsied mammary fat pad and isolated adipose cells and characterized with stemness factors (CD34, CD13, CD44, CD106, and vimentin) immunologically and through their genetic expression. Furthermore, characterized cells were differentiated to adipogenic (thiazolidinediones and alpha-linolenic acid) and epithelial (keratinocyte growth factor) lineages. Thiazolidinediones/or in combination with alpha-linolenic acid demonstrated significant upregulation of adipo-Q, PPAR-gamma, CEBP-alpha, LPL, and resistin. Adipose stem cells in induction mixture (5 mu g/ml insulin, 1 mu g/ml hydrocortisone, and 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor) and subsequent treatment with 10 ng/ml keratinocyte growth factor revealed their trans-differentiating ability to epithelial lineage. From 2 d onwards, the cells under keratinocyte growth factor influenced cells to assume rectangular (2-4 d) to cuboidal (8-10 d) shapes. Ayoub-Shklar stain developed brownish-red pigment in the transformed cells. Though, expressions of K8 and K18 were noted to be highly significant (p < 0.01) but expressions of epithelial membrane antigens and epithelial specific antigens were also significant (p < 0.05) compared to 0 d. Conclusively, epithelial transformations of mammary adipose stem cells would add up knowledge to develop therapeutic regimen to deal with mammary tissue injury and diseases.

Limiting Concentrate during Growing Period Affect Performance and Gene Expression of Hepatic Gluconeogenic Enzymes and Visfatin in Korean Native Beef Calves

Chang, S.S.,Lohakare, J.D.,Singh, N.K.,Kwon, E.G.,Nejad, J.G.,Sung, K.I.,Hong, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.2

This study elucidated the effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth, plasma profile, and gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and visfatin in the liver of Hanwoo beef calves. The purpose of this study was to test that reducing the amount of concentrate would partially be compensated by increasing the intake of forage and by altering the metabolic status. The study utilized 20 Korean native beef calves (Hanwoo; 60 to 70 d of age) divided into two groups of 10 calves each for 158 d. Control group calves received the amount of concentrate as per the established Korean feeding standards for Hanwoo, whereas calves in the restricted group only received half the amount of concentrate as per standard requirements. Good quality forage (Timothy hay) was available for ad libitum consumption to both groups. Since calves were with their dam until 4 months of age in breeding pens before weaning, the intake of milk before weaning was not recorded, however, the concentrate and forage intakes were recorded daily. Body weights (BW) were recorded at start and on 10 d interval. Blood samples were collected at start and at 50 d interval. On the final day of the experiment, liver biopsies were collected from all animals in each group. The BW was not different between the groups at all times, but tended to be higher (p = 0.061) only at final BW in control than restricted group. Total BW gain in the control group was 116.2 kg as opposed to 84.1 kg in restricted group that led to average BW gain of 736 g/d and 532 g/d in respective groups, and the differences were significant (p<0.01). As planned, the calves in the control group had higher concentrate and lower forage intake than the restricted group. The plasma variables like total protein and urea were higher (p<0.05) in control than restricted group. The mRNA expressions for the gluconeogenic enzymes such as cytosolic phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) and pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), and visfatin measured by quantitative real-time PCR in liver biopsies showed higher expression (p<0.05) in restricted group than control. Overall, restricting concentrate severely reduced the growth intensity and affected few plasma indices, and gene expression in liver was increased indicating that restricting concentrate in the feeding schemes during early growth for beef calves is not advocated.

Efficacy of Wood Ash as an Antiviral Agent against Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus of Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D.

Singh, G.P.,Roy, D.K.,Sahay, Alok,Suryanarayana, N. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.13 No.2

The efficacy of wood ash from Terminalia arjuna (arjun) and T. tomentosa (asan) has been tested against virosis of tasar silkworm, Antheraea. mylitta D. The Polyhedral Occlusion Bodies (POBs) of Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus of A. mylitta (AmCPV) were exposed to the aqueous solution (0.5 to 4%) of wood ash for 5 to 30 minutes. The treated suspension of POBs was orally inoculated once to tasar silkworm larvae after 24 hours of $1^{st}$ moult, and larvae reared in indoor on arjun leaves till spinning. The application of aqueous solution of wood ash has established its potential as antiviral agent against cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. Two percent aqueous solution of wood ash from arjun and asan dissolved the Polyhedral Occlusion Bodies (POBs) of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of tasar silkworm and inactivated the virions within a short period of 20 to 30 minutes. In vivo efficacy of aqueous solution of wood ash resulted in reduction of larval mortality due to virosis. The mortality was reduced to $2.56{\pm}0.21\;and\;3.03{\pm}0.32%$ when treatment of 2.0% solution of wood ash of arjun and asan respectively were applied for 20 minutes, compared to inoculated control $(92.18{\pm}7.52%)$. No mortality was recorded when treatment of 2.5% solution of wood ash of arjun and asan were applied for 10 minutes or more.

Induction of Non-Diapause Eggs and Manifestation of Quantitative Characters by Low Temperature Incubation of Eggs in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Singh, Ravindra,Jayaswal, K.P.,Rao, D.Raghavedra,Kariappa, B.K.,Premalatha, V. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.4 No.2

Induction of non-diapause eggs and manifestation of quantitative characters were studied in different seasons by low temperature incubation of eggs of a low yielding diapause with coloured cocoons silkworm breed, RDI of Bombyx mori. Hundred percent of nandiapause eggs were induced when the egg incubation was carried out at 15$^{\circ}C$ followed by incubation initially at $25^{\circ}C$ and then at $15^{\circ}C$. The diapause-nondia-pause relation was found to be reversible. Analysis of variance study demonstrated significant variation in all the quantitative characters whereas significant variation due to different incubation treatments was observed for larval span, fifth instar larval span, cocoon yield/10,000 larvae by weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio. study on hybrid vigour skewed significant heterosis over mid parent value for four economic characters viz., cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length in a Fl hybrid between RD1 with diapause eggs and Japanese type bivoltine $NB_{4} D_{2}$.

Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors A and C in Patients undergoing Prostatic Biopsy and TURP for Suspected Prostatic Neoplasia

Singh, A.N.,Gautam, Kirti A.,Dalela, D.,Sankhwar, S.N.,Natu, S.M.,Sankhwar, P.L.,Srivastava, A.N. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Background: Formation of new blood vessels is necessary for the development and spread of neoplasms more than 1 mm3 in volume, angiogenesis being responsible for formation of new from pre-existing blood vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is pivotal and the best studied angiogenic factor in all human cancers. Therefore we designed this study to investigate the role of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in prostate cancer in comparison with BPH controls in a north Indian population. Methods: In this case-control study a total of 100 subjects were included on the basis of confirmed histopathological reports, out of which 50 were prostate cancer patients and the other 50 were BPH patients with PSA levels >2 ng/ml and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings during September 2009 to August 2011 from the Department of Urology, KGMU, Lucknow, India. Plasma levels of VEGF were determined using quantitative immunoassay (ELISA-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 version. Results: The mean age of prostate cancer ($67.6{\pm}5.72$) patients was significantly higher (p=0.005) than BPH ($63.6{\pm}7.92$) patients. Expression of VEGF-A was not significantly higher in disease stage C1 than D1 or D2 and A or B (p=0.13) while the level of VEGF-A was significantly higher (p=0.04) in prostate cancer as compared to BPH subjects (PCa=13.0 pg/ml, BPH=6.8 pg/ml). Levels of VEGF-C were similar in both groups (PCa=832.6 pg/ml, BPH=823.7 pg/ml). In ROC curve, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95%CI: 0.60-0.80) and the cut-off value for which a higher proportion of patients was correctly classified (20%) was 26.0 pg/mL. Conclusion: Although VEGF-A is increased in cancer prostate patients a statistically significant correlation could not be established in this study. VEGF-C was not found to be a useful biomarker.

Electronic and mechanical properties of (6,1) single-walled carbon nanotubes with different tube diameters: a theoretical study

Singh Y. T.,Patra P. K.,Obodo K. O.,Rai D. P. 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.2

We investigated the electronic and mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with different tube diameters using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, respectively. The carbon nanotubes’ electronic properties were derived from the index number (n1 , n2 ), lattice vectors, and the rolled graphene sheet orientation. For (6,1) SWCNT, (n1 -n2 )/3 is non-integer, so the expected characteristic is semiconducting. We have considered (6,1) Chiral SWCNT with different diameters ‘d’ (4.68 Å, 4.90 Å, 5.14 Å, 5.32 Å, 5.53 Å) corresponds to respective bond lengths ‘δ ’ (1.32 Å, 1.38 Å, 1.45 Å, 1.50 Å and 1.56 Å) and then analyze the electronic properties from the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) based on DFT. We have used both the DFT-1/2 and GGA exchange energy correlation approximations for our calculation and compared the results. In both cases, the energy bandgap is decreasing order with the increase in bond lengths. The lowest value of formation energy was obtained at the bond length δ=1.45 Å (d=5.14 Å). For the mechanical properties, we have calculated Young’s modulus using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. From our calculation, we have found that the (6,1) SWCNT with bond length 1.45 Å (d=5.14 Å) has Young’s modulus value of 1.553 TPa.

Manifestation of Hybrid Vigour and Cocoon Shape Variability in Fl Hybrids of the Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Singh, Ravindra,Rao, D.Raghavendra,Premalatha, V.,Mondal, Sipra,Kariappa, B.K.,Jayaswal, K.P.,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.2 No.2

Data from an experiment involving six polyvoltine and three bivoltine silkworm breeds have been analysed to know the level of hybrid rigour and cocoon shape variation in Fl hybrids among silkworm breeds with lows medium and high cocoon weight. Results indicated significantly positive heterosis for several quantitative characters with maximum total heterosis over mid parent value in hybrids between low and medium followed by low and low, medium and medium, low and high and high and low cocoon-weighed breeds, respectively. Study on cocoon shape measurement revelled that among Fl hybrids, cocoons of the three combinations such as GNP ${\times}$ CSR2, GNP ${\times}$ J2 and PM ${\times}$ NB4 D2 were comparatively uniform in their cocoon shape. Importance of this study to know the level of heterosis and cocoon shape variability in different silkworm crosses hale been discussed.

Efficacy of Disinfectants against Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus and Microspordia of Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D.

Singh G. P.,Sahay Alok,Roy D. K.,Sahay D. N. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.10 No.1

Bleaching powder solution (1 to $5\%$), slaked lime solution (0.1 to $0.5\%$) and formalin (1 and $2\%$) were tested for their efficacy against cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and Nosema mylittansis spores to control virosis and pebrine respectively in tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta in indoor rearing condition. All the disinfectants tested were found effective in suppressing the infection of virosis and pebrine significantly. Complete inactivation of Antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (AmCPV) was recorded when treated with $4\%$ bleaching powder, $0.4\%$ slaked lime for 20 min and $2.0\%$ formalin for 30 min. Similarly treatments of $3.0\%$ bleaching powder solution for 20 min and $2.0\%$ formalin for 30 min were found effective in complete inactivation of N. mylittanis spores.

Surface exchange kinetics and chemical diffusivities of BaZr_0.2Ce_0.65Y_0.15O_3-δ by electrical conductivity relaxation

Lim, D.K.,Jeon, S.Y.,Singh, B.,Park, J.Y.,Song, S.J. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.610 No.-

Perovskite-type oxide BaCe<SUB>0.65</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.2</SUB>Y<SUB>0.15</SUB>O<SUB>3-δ</SUB> (BCZY2015) was synthesized by a solid state reaction method. BCZY2015 samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The time dependent variation in electrical conductivity of BCZY2015 was monitored during the oxidation/reduction in oxygen partial pressure (pO<SUB>2</SUB>) range of -2.28≤log(pO<SUB>2</SUB>/atm)≤-0.68 at a fixed water vapor pressure (pH<SUB>2</SUB>O), and during the hydration/dehydration in -3.15≤log(pH<SUB>2</SUB>O/atm)≤-2.35 range in air. The electrical conductivity showed a monotonic relaxation behavior by the ambipolar diffusion of V<SUB>o</SUB><SUP>??</SUP> and OH<SUB>o</SUB><SUP>?</SUP> during the oxidation/reduction and the relaxation process was governed by the diffusivity of oxygen (D@?<SUB>vO</SUB>). On the other hand, during the hydration/dehydration process, a non-monotonic twofold relaxation behavior was observed due to the decoupled diffusion of H and O components with the mediation of holes, and the conductivity relaxation process was governed by the diffusivities of both H (D@?<SUB>iH</SUB>) and O (D@?<SUB>vH</SUB>). The values of surface exchange coefficients and diffusivities of oxygen and hydrogen were calculated from Fick's second law by the nonlinear least squares fitting of the conductivity data, as proposed by Yoo et al. (2008).

Effect of Mechanical Alloying and Sintering Environment on the Crystallographic Evolution, Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Porous Ti4Al4Co Alloy

Pradeep Singh,Vikas Shrivastava,I. B. Singh,D. P. Mondal 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.6

Three group of porous Ti4Al4Co samples made of (i) unmilled powder and vacuum sintered (S1), (ii) milled powder andvacuum sintered (S2), and (iii) milled powder sintered in open atmosphere (S3) were prepared. Phase change, crystallite sizeand lattice strain variations due to powder milling and sintering were examined by SEM and XRD. To evaluate mechanicalproperty, alloy samples were subjected to the uniaxial compression test. For corrosion analysis, Tafel plot was plotted usingelectrochemical corrosion system in simulated body fluid (SBF) as electrolytic medium. From the obtained results, it wasfound that significant microstructural transformation takes place due to milling and change in sintering atmosphere. SampleS1possessed 139 MPa compressive strength, which was about 48% and 76% higher than samples S2and S3respectively. Corrosion current density for S3was found as 5.5 ± 0.3 μA/cm2 which is 7 and 12 times lower than S2and S1samples.