Enzymatic Hydrolysis Performance of Biomass by the Addition of a Lignin Based Biosurfactant

( Widya Fatriasari ),( Fajar Nurhamzah ),( Rika Raniya ),( R. Permana Budi Laksana ),( Sita Heris Anita ),( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Euis Hermiati ) 한국목재공학회 2020 목재공학 Vol.48 No.5

Hydrolysis of biomass for the production of fermentable sugar can be improved by the addition of surfactants. In pulp and paper mills, lignin, which is a by-product of the pulping process, can be utilized as a fine chemical. In the hydrolysis process, lignin is one of the major inhibitors of the enzymatic breakdown cellulose into sugar monomer. Therefore, the conversion of lignin into a biosurfactant offers the opportunity to solve the waste problem and improve hydrolysis efficiency. In this study, lignin derivatives, a biosurfactant, was applied to enzymatic hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic biomass. This Biosurfactant can be prepared by reacting lignin with a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol diglycidylethers (PEDGE). In this study, the effect of biosurfactants on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), oil palm empty fruit bunch, and sugarcane trash with different lignin contents was investigated. The results show that lignin derivatives improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass with low lignin content, however, it has less influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis of other pretreated biomass with lignin content higher than 10% (w/w). The use of biosurfactant on SSB kraft pulp can increase the sugar yield from 45.57% to 81.49%.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Three-layer Particleboards Bonded With UF and UMF Adhesives

Apri Heri Iswanto,Janrahman Simarmata,Widya Fatriasari,Irawati Azhar,Tito Sucipto,Rudi Hartono 한국목재공학회 2017 목재공학 Vol.45 No.6

A low dimensional stability and poor bending strength properties were main problems in particleboard manufacturing. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of mixed wood species and urea-form-aldehyde (UF) or urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) resins on the physical and mechanical properties of three-layer particleboards. The ratio of face/core/back layer was 1 : 2 : 1. The resin content of 12% for both UF resins and UMF resins (UF/MF = 70/30% w/w) was used. The results of this study showed that the utilization of S.mahagony shaving using both UF and UMF resins caused a decrease in the thickness swelling and water absorption of the boards. Thickness swellings of particleboard made of Sengon/Sengon/Sengon (SSS), Mahogany/Mahogany/Mahogany (MMM), Sengon/Mahogany/Sengon (SMS), and Mahogany/Sengon/Mahogany (MSM) were in the range of 23%, 12∼16%, 14∼16%, and 13∼21%, respectively. The board bonded with UMF resin demonstrated better dimensional stability than that bonded with UF resin alone. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of particleboards made of S. mahagony shaving in the surface layer in both MMM and MSM boards were better than those of the SSS and SMS. MOE of MMM and MSM board was in the ranges of 24,000 to 26,000 kg.cm^-2 and 18,000 to 21,000 kg.cm^-2 respectively. Meanwhile, the MOR of board was in the ranges of 200 to 240 kg.cm^-2 and 190 to 228 kg.cm^-2, respectively.

Wood Chemical Compositions of Raru Species Originating from Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia: Effect of Differences in Wood Species and Log Positions

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Fazilla Oktaviani Tarigan ),( Arida Susilowati ),( Atmawi Darwis ),( Widya Fatriasari ) 한국목재공학회 2021 목재공학 Vol.49 No.5

Raru is a lesser-known plant species originating from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Information on the characteristics is still limited, especially its chemical component. Therefore, this study aims to examine the chemical composition information of Cotylelobium lanceolatum, Cotylelobium melanoxylon, and Vatica pauciflora woods based on their axial log positions (bottom, middle, and top). The wood chemical analysis was performed in terms of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) method. Furthermore, the analysis measured holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content, alcohol benzene extractive content, the extractive substance in hot and water, and solubility in NaOH 1%. The results indicated that the species and their log axial positions affected different chemical components, which included α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of C. lanceolatum amounting to 41.88%, 19.39%, and 28.68% respectively. Meanwhile, for C. Melanoxylon, they were 42.01%, 21.11%, and 24.76% respectively; and for V. pauciflora wood, they were 42.95%, 23.24%, and 30.11% respectively. The average values of the extractive contents including the solubility in 1: 2 ethanol benzene, NaOH, and hot water for C. lanceolatum, C. melanoxylon, and V. pauciflora wood were (10.58%, 27.62%, 8.13%), (14.54%, 28.22%, 7.82%), and (10.95%, 28.60%, 7.57%) respectively. The wood species had a significant effect on chemical components including lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and extractive solubility in cold water. Furthermore, the axial log position had a significant effect on all the parameters of the chemical composition of the wood being tested.

< 구두-D-02 > Chemical Characteristic of Styrax sumatrana Wood from North Sumatra

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Yenni Suhaida Siregar ),( Arida Susilowati ),( Widya Fatriasari ) 한국목재공학회 2018 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.1

The objective of this research was to analize chemical component of Styrax sumatrana wood from North Tapanuli and Pakpak Bharat according to stem vertical orientation. Samples for analysis divided into three part of stem (based, middle, and tip). Wood chemical component analysis consited of hollocelulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, Acid Soluble Lignin (ASL), Acid Insoluble Lignin (AIL), and non structural component (extractive content in ethanol benzene 1:2 and ash content) were observed. Result showed that growth location influence wood chemical component. The wood chemical component from North Tapanuli and Pak Pak Bharat were 52.72 and 69.80% (hollocelulose), 25.94 and 39.87% (α-cellulose), 26,78 and 29.92% (hemicellulose), 5.49 and 4.33% (Acid Soluble Lignin), 34.37 and 20.43% (Acid Insoluble Lignin), 10.95 and 2.42% (extractive content), and for ash content is 1.37 and 0.8%. Based on stem vertical orientation observation, generally the base position has the highest value of all observed parameters.

Effect of Particle Pre-Treatment on Properties of Jatropha Fruit Hulls Particleboard

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Yusuf Sudo Hadi ),( Surdiding Ruhendi ),( Dede Hermawan ),( Widya Fatriasari ) 한국목재공학회 2018 목재공학 Vol.46 No.2

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of particle pre-treatment on physical, mechanical, and durability of jatropha fruit hulls (JFH) particleboard. The pre-treatments included were immersing in cold water, hot water, and acetic acid solution. After each treatment, the particles were dried up to 3% moisture content. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was used to fabricate particleboards with board size, thickness and density target of 25 cm by 25 cm, 0.80 cm, and 0.70 g/cm³, respectively. Board pressed at 130℃ for 10 minutes, and 25 kg/cm² pressure. The evaluation of particleboard followed the JIS A 5908-2003. Whilist their resistance to subterranean termite test (mass loss, mortality, antifeedant value and feeding rate) refers to the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006). The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards showed that all pre-treatments decreased the pH of particles. Overall, all particle immersing treatments resulted of better physical and mechanical properties of particleboard than those of untreated ones. The acetic acid treatment resulted the best physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Based on the mass loss of JFH particleboard, hot water and acetic acid treated particleboards were classified into weak resistance to subterranean attack. The other two treatments were classified into very weak resistance. Hot water treated particleboard provided the highest mortality and antifeedant as much as 87.40% and 34.20%, respectively. Based on antifeedant classification, hot water treated particleboards were classified into moderately strong resistance, while other treatments were categorized into weak resistance. The lowest feeding rate value (45.30 μg/termite/day) was attained by hot water treatment.

< 구두-E-13 > Potential of mineral oil migration from recycle paper based packaging into food

( Lisman Suryanegara Fitria ),( Dede Hy Yanto ),( Raden Pb Laksana ),( Yudhi D Kurniawan ),( Widya Fatriasari ),( Euis Hermiati ) 한국목재공학회 2018 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.1

Food packaging is an important part in supporting food safety rules. The fact that not all of food packaging materials meet the requirements of food packaging materials, even primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging, cause the food in the packaging is potentially contaminated. One of the primary packaging materials is a duplex carton which is a product of recycled paper. Duplex carton is the most widely used primary material because of its cheaper and more eco-friendly. However, recycled paper is likely to contain printing inks, adhesives, waxes, fluorescent dyes and bleaches, fillers, organochlorine compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, barrier and oil-resistant materials, amines and surfactants. One of the hazardous substances contained in primary food packaging especially duplex carton is mineral oil or mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH). Contamination of mineral oil into food packaging can be derived from printing ink contained on recycled paper or from printing ink on the packaging itself. Animal studies show that digestion of small amounts of mineral oil compounds can accumulate in the body and damage the liver and blood vessels in the heart, lymph nodes, and can be carcinogenic. This study aims to determine the potency of mineral oil migration from recycled paper-based food packaging. Migration test method that was used was the Federal Reference Laboratory for Food Contacts at the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). Based on the analysis result both from internal standard adition at the beginning and at the end of the process showed that there is a potency of mineral oil to migrate from recycled paper based food packaging in this case is duplex carton.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Local Styrax Woods from North Tapanuli in Indonesia

Apri Heri Iswanto,Arida Susilowati,Irawati Azhar,Riswan,Supriyanto,Joel Elpinta Tarigan,Widya Fatriasari 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.4

The objective of this research was to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of three species of Styrax woods from North Tapanuli in Indonesia. The woods were more than 15 years old. Physical properties such as specific gravity, green moisture content, and volume shrinkage were determined by the procedures based on BS-373 standard for small clear specimen. Furthermore, mechanical properties, including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to grain and hardness were also tested according to the standard. Along the stem direction, the edge section had better properties compared with those near the pith section. And the base section had also better properties than upper section. Based on the specific gravity, all of the Styrax woods in this research were classified into III-IV strength classes. A good dimensional stability was demonstrated by the value of the tangential and radial ratio which reached one. With the consideration of the mechanical properties, Styrax woods were suitable use for raw materials of light construction, furniture and handy craft.

Improvement of Dimensional Stability of Tropical Light-Wood Ceiba pentandra (L) by Combined Alkali Treatment and Densification

( Deded Sarip Nawawi ),( Andita Maria ),( Rizal Danang Firdaus ),( Istie Sekartining Rahayu ),( Adesna Fatrawana ),( Fadlan Pramatana ),( Pamona Silvia Sinaga ),( Widya Fatriasari ) 한국목재공학회 2023 목재공학 Vol.51 No.2

Densification is an effective method for improving the physical and mechanical properties of low-density wood. However, the set-recovery of dimensions was found to be the problem of densified wood due to low fixation during the densification process. Alkali pretreatment before densification is thought to be a modification process to improve the dimensional stability of densified wood. In this research, the wood samples used were boiled in a 1.25 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at different times, followed by densification for 5 h at 100℃. The alkali pretreatment for 1, 3, and 5 h of boiling increased the dimensional stability of densified woods and anti-swelling efficiency values were 8.52%, 63.24%, and 48.94%, respectively. The boiling of wood in NaOH solution decreased the holocellulose content, as well as lignin to a lesser degree, and a lower crystallinity index was observed. The lower hydroxyl groups and a higher proportion of lignin in treated samples seem to have contributed to the high dimensional stability detected.

Effect of Several Exterior Adhesive Types on Dimensional Stability of Bamboo Oriented Particleboard

Iswanto, Apri Heri,Munthe, Rensus,Darwis, Atmawi,Azhar, Irawati,Susilowati, Arida,Prabuningrum, Dita Sari,Fatriasari, Widya Materials Research Society of Korea 2019 한국재료학회지 Vol.29 No.5

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of adhesive types on dimensional stability of bamboo-oriented particleboard. The materials used in this research are bamboo tali(Gigantochloa apus J.A & J.H. Schult. Kurz), UF/MDI(8, 10, 12 % level), and MF, MDI, and PF at 7 % level. Particle and adhesive are mixed using a blending machine; then, mat forming and hot pressing processes are performed using adhesive-suitable temperature and time references. MDI resin is set at $160^{\circ}C$ temperature for 5 minutes. PF resin and MF resin are pressed at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, and $140^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, respectively, while UF/MDI sets at temperature of $140^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes. The results show that particleboard using PF resin produces the lowest thickness swelling value. The particleboard using UF/MDI resin also produces good response for thickness swelling value. Interesting things happen in that UF/MDI adhesive produces a thickness swelling value better than that of MDI resin. FTIR analysis on particleboard bonded by UF/MDI resin combination shows the presence of carbonyl group C=O vibration on multi substitution of urea at wave number of around $1,700cm^{-1}$.