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Adolescent Scoliosis Screening in Nara City Schools: A 23-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Satoshi Yamamoto,Hideki Shigematsu,Fumihiko Kadono,Yukihiro Tanaka,Masataka Tatematsu,Akinori Okuda,Eiichiro Iwata,Munehisa Koizumi,Yasuhito Tanaka 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.3
Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis, define the distribution of the curve magnitude, evaluate the accuracy of Moiré topography as a screening tool, and investigate the cost-effectiveness of our screening system. Overview of Literature: Early detection of idiopathic scoliosis provides the opportunity for conservative treatment before the deformity is noticeable. We believe that scoliosis screening in schools is useful for detection; however, screening programs are controversial owing to over referral of students who do not require further testing or follow-up. In Japan, school scoliosis screening programs are mandated by law with individual policies determined by local educational committees. We selected Moiré topography as the scoliosis screening tool for schools in Nara City. Methods: We selected Moiré topography as the scoliosis screening tool for schools in Nara City. We screened boys and girls aged 11–14 years and reviewed the school scoliosis screening results from 1990 to 2012. Results: A total of 195,149 children aged 11–14 years were screened. The prevalence of scoliosis (defined as ≥10° curvature) was 0.057%, 0.010%, and 0.059% in fifth, sixth, and seventh grade boys and 0.337%, 0.369%, and 0.727% in fifth, sixth, and seventh grade girls, respectively. The false-positive rate of our Moiré topography was 66.7%. The minimum cost incurred for scoliosis detection in one student was 2,000 USD. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of scoliosis was low in the students of Nara City schools. Over 23 years, the prevalence of scoliosis in girls increased compared to that in the first decade of the study.
A Study on Darrieus-type Hydroturbine toward Utilization of Extra-Low Head Natural Flow Streams
Tanaka, Kei,Hirowatari, Kotaro,Shimokawa, Kai,Watanabe, Satoshi,Matsushita, Daisuke,Furukawa, Akinori Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2013 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.6 No.3
A two-dimensional Darrieus-type hydroturbine system, installed with a wear for flow streams such as small rivers and waterways, has been developed for hydropower utilization of extra-low head less than 2m. There are several problems such as flow rate change and flowing wastes to be solved for its practical use in natural flow streams. In the present study, at first, a design guideline in the case of overflow or bypass flow is shown by using simple flow model. Next, in order to avoid the unexpected obstacles flowing into the hydroturbine, an installation of waste screening system is examined. It is confirmed that the screen is effective with some amount of bypass flow rate, however the output power is remarkably deteriorated.
Satellite Communication System for Multi-Point Data Gathering over Ultra-Wide Area
Tanaka, Hiroshi,Inoue, Satoshi,Tsuchida, Toshihiro,Kazama, Hiroshi 통신위성우주산업연구회 2004 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2004 No.-
In this paper, we propose a stellite communications system for gathering data from a lot of observation points scattered over an ultra-wide area. The system configuration takes into account the requirements for a practical data gathering system. The main target of our system is reduced communication cost by using a narrow frequency band and the main feature os an economical data gathering using a group-modem composed of a multi-carrier multi-rate filter bank. We describe our system investigation for channel assignment methods, data gathering sequences, and channel interference suppression between narrow band carries.