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China and Pakistan in the Post-India-U.S. Nuclear Deal Scenario
( Saira Bano ) 한국국방연구원 2015 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.27 No.1
Nuclear relations in South Asia cannot be fully analyzed without taking into account the China factor. After the May 1998 nuclear tests, a substantive amount of strategic literature has been focused on Indian and Pakistani nuclear postures and policies, respectively. However, their integral links with China in transforming South Asia’s nuclear environment remains one critical component that has not been adequately examined. Multifaceted cooperation, competition and conflict have engulfed this triangle since the India-U.S. nuclear deal. This deal has significantly increased India’s nuclear weapons capability, and hence exacerbated the security dilemma of Pakistan and China, which has important implications for the strategic stability in the region. This paper analyses the strategic implications of this deal for the nuclear triangle and argues that the nuclear triangle will remain complex with inherent risks as well as pose challenges to the region’s strategic stability. China-India-Pakistan nuclear strategies will be determined by the larger triangle of U.S.-China-India relations, which will define the politics of South Asia as well as the larger Asian landscape.
Intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell with bi-layered electrolyte structure
( Asif Mahmood ),( Saira Bano ),( Ji Haeng Yu ),이규호 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
A Ni-GDC supported solid oxide electrolysis cell with bi-layered ScSZ/GDC electrolyte and LSCF oxygen electrode was developed for intermediate-temperature steam and CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis. The OCV of bi-layered electrolyte cell was significantly improved as compared to cell with single-layered GDC electrolyte structure, but at the cost of an increase in electrolyte resistance (R<sub>e</sub>) and electrode polarization resistance (R<sub>p</sub>). The formation of (Zr, Ce)O<sub>2</sub> solid solution at the interfaces of ScSZ interlayer during co-sintering caused the increase in Re and Rp. Unlike single-layered GDC electrolyte cell, the bi-layered electrolyte cell did not show a noticeable internal electrical shorting under SOEC conditions and thus exhibited a good electrolysis performance. However, the cell stability test revealed a performance decay at the rate of 5 mV/h, when operated in co-electrolysis (H<sub>2</sub>:steam:CO<sub>2</sub> = 20:40:40 vol.%) under -0.5A/㎠ at 650°C over 100h.
Ghulam Farid,Saira Bano Akbar,Laxmi Rathour,Lakshmi Narayan Mishra 강원경기수학회 2021 한국수학논문집 Vol.29 No.4
The refinement of an inequality provides better convergence of one quantity towards the other one. We have established the refinements of Hadamard inequalities for Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals via strongly $({\alpha},m)$-convex functions. In particular, we obtain two refinements of the classical Hadamard inequality. By using some known integral identities we also give refinements of error bounds of some fractional Hadamard inequalities.