Authorization Estimation Model : An Object Oriented Design Complexity Perspective

Suhel Ahmad Khan,Raees Ahmad Khan 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.8 No.5

Triclosan Resistance in a Bacterial Fish Pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, is Mediated by an Enoyl Reductase, FabV

( Raees Khan ),( Myung Hwan Lee ),( Hae Jin Joo ),( Yong Hoon Jung ),( Shabir Ahmad ),( Jin Hee Choi ),( Seon Woo Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.4

Triclosan, the widely used biocide, specifically targets enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) in the bacterial fatty acid synthesis system. Although the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida exhibits triclosan resistance, the nature of this resistance has not been elucidated. Here, we aimed to characterize the triclosan resistance of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida causing furunculosis. The fosmid library of triclosan-resistant A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was constructed to select a fosmid clone showing triclosan resistance. With the fosmid clone showing triclosan resistance, a subsequent secondary library search resulted in the selection of subclone pTSR-1. DNA sequence analysis of pTSR-1 revealed the presence of a chromosomal-borne fabV-encoding ENR homolog. The ENR of A. salmonicida (FabVas) exhibited significant homology with previously known FabV, including the catalytic domain YX(8)K. fabVas introduction into E. coli dramatically increased its resistance to triclosan. Heterologous expression of FabVas might functionally replace the triclosan-sensitive FabI in vivo to confer E. coli with triclosan resistance. A genome-wide search for fabVas homologs revealed the presence of an additional fabV gene (fabVas2) paralog in A. salmonicida strains and the fabVas orthologs from other gram-negative fish pathogens. Both of the potential FabV ENRs expressed similarly with or without triclosan supplement. This is the first report about the presence of two potential FabV ENRs in a single pathogenic bacterium. Our result suggests that triclosan-resistant ENRs are widely distributed in various bacteria in nature, and the wide use of this biocide can spread these triclosan-tolerant ENRs among fish pathogens and other pathogenic bacteria.

Identification of a Gene Involved in the Negative Regulation of Pyomelanin Production in Ralstonia solanacearum

( Shabir Ahmad ),( Seung Yeup Lee ),( Raees Khan ),( Hyun Gi Kong ),( Geun Ju Son ),( Nazish Roy ),( Kihyuck Choi ),( Seon-woo Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.9

Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt in a wide variety of host plant species and produces a melanin-like blackish-brown pigment in stationary phase when grown in minimal medium supplemented with tyrosine. To study melanin production regulation in R. solanacearum, five mutants exhibiting overproduction of melanin-like pigments were selected from a transposon (Tn) insertion mutant library of R. solanacearum SL341. Most of the mutants, except one (SL341T), were not complemented by the original gene or overproduced melanins. SL341T showed Tn insertion in a gene containing a conserved domain of eukaryotic transcription factor. The gene was annotated as a hypothetical protein, given its weak similarity to any known proteins. Upon complementation with its original gene, the mutant strains reverted to their wild-type phenotype. SL341T produced 3-folds more melanin at 72 h post-incubation compared with wild-type SL341 when grown in minimal medium supplemented with tyrosine. The chemical analysis of SL341T cultural filtrate revealed the accumulation of a higher amount of homogentisate, a major precursor of pyomelanin, and a lower amount of dihydroxyphenylalanine, an intermediate of eumelanin, compared with SL341. The expression study showed a relatively higher expression of hppD (encoding hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) and lower expression of hmgA (encoding homogentisate dioxygenase) and nagL (encoding maleylacetoacetate isomerase) in SL341T than in SL341. SL341 showed a significantly higher expression of tyrosinase gene compared with SL341T at 48 h post-incubation. These results indicated that R. solanacearum produced both pyomelanin and eumelanin, and the novel hypothetical protein is involved in the negative regulation of melanin production.

Revisiting Software Security: Durability Perspective

Rajeev Kumar,Suhel Ahmad Khan,Raees Ahmad Khan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.2

Security is a peak significant quality element in the pitch of software engineering. Software security improvement is easily done with the support of factors, models and metrics of security. Software security should be analyzed with the help of its security factors. Security dimension is the main attribute in evaluation, executing, and calculating security in the way to organize and develop quality of software. It is to be identified that qualifications of security factors increased through inspecting damages, discriminating susceptibility and attacks in design development process. This review is discussing the description and categorization of accessible security properties. Durability is an attribute of security that refers to the capability of software to conclude of a creation on time. Software security is affected with security attributes as well as durability. A stable state of the secure software enhances additional security.

A Multi-Perspective Benchmarking Framework for Estimating Usable-Security of Hospital Management System Software Based on Fuzzy Logic, ANP and TOPSIS Methods

( Rajeev Kumar ),( Md Tarique Jamal Ansari ),( Abdullah Baz ),( Hosam Alhakami ),( Alka Agrawal ),( Raees Ahmad Khan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.1

One of the biggest challenges that the software industry is facing today is to create highly efficient applications without affecting the quality of healthcare system software. The demand for the provision of software with high quality protection has seen a rapid increase in the software business market. Moreover, it is worthless to offer extremely user-friendly software applications with no ideal security. Therefore a need to find optimal solutions and bridge the difference between accessibility and protection by offering accessible software services for defense has become an imminent prerequisite. Several research endeavours on usable security assessments have been performed to fill the gap between functionality and security. In this context, several Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches have been implemented on different usability and security attributes so as to assess the usable-security of software systems. However, only a few specific studies are based on using the integrated approach of fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique for assessing the significant usable-security of hospital management software. Therefore, in this research study, the authors have employed an integrated methodology of fuzzy logic, ANP and TOPSIS to estimate the usable - security of Hospital Management System Software. For the intended objective, the study has taken into account 5 usable-security factors at first tier and 16 sub-factors at second tier with 6 hospital management system softwares as alternative solutions. To measure the weights of parameters and their relation with each other, Fuzzy ANP is implemented. Thereafter, Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology was employed and the rating of alternatives was calculated on the foundation of the proximity to the positive ideal solution.

Triclosan Resistant Bacteria from Sewage Water: Culture Based Diversity Assessments and Co-Resistance Profiling to Other Antibiotics

Salman Muhmmad,Bashar Noor Ul,Kiran Uzma,Shafiq Zuhra,Khan Fareesa,Khan Raees,Hussain Farrukh,Bangash Sudhair Abbas,Yasin Ahmad,Ahmad Shabir 한국미생물·생명공학회 2022 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent used in various human personal care products against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of TCSresistant bacteria in sewage water in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, for the first time. TCS-supplemented Luria Bertani (LB) agar was used to isolate TCS-tolerant bacteria. A total of 17 TCSresistant isolates were randomly selected from a large pool of bacteria that showed growth on TCS-supplemented LB agar. Based on gram staining and physiochemical characteristics, the isolated strains were identified as Salmonella typhi (n = 6), Escherichia coli (n = 4), Citrobacter freundii (n = 4), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1). The Triclosan mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the isolates of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 23.66 μg ml-1, 18.75 μg ml-1, 42 μg ml-1, 32 μg ml-1, 64 μg ml-1, and 128 μg ml-1, respectively. The antibiogram revealed that all isolates were resistant to penicillin G (100%) and linezolid (100%), followed by ampicillin (94%), tetracycline (76%), tazobactam (76%), sulbactam/cefoperazone (64%), polymyxin PB (58%), amikacin (29.41%), aztreonam (29.41%), imipenem (5%), and gentamicin (5%). This is the first known study regarding the isolation of TCStolerant bacteria from sewage water in Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. It was concluded that all the TCS-resistant isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, mostly belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.

Analytic Review of Healthcare Software by Using Quantum Computing Security Techniques

Sultan H. Almotiri,Mohd Nadeem,Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi,Raees Ahmad Khan 한국지능시스템학회 2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.23 No.3

The core objective of this security research is to ensure that healthcare software (HS) is secure when operating on a fully functional quantum computer. Developers are constantly coming up with innovative methods to maintain usability while maximizing security. The degree of security is not as high as it should be despite numerous efforts made in this area by developers and security specialists. It is also crucial to conduct additional research on the best methods for enhancing and assessing the security of healthcare technologies. This study specifically aims to assess the security of HS during quantum computing (QC) operations. Based on the empirical analysis of a substantial amount of data, this study makes recommendations for creating a secure HS. In the quantum age, decision-makers frequently experience difficulties in integrating extremely secure software. This study aims for the inclusion of security-related aspects. This study also suggests utilizing a novel technique that evaluates healthcare software security (HSS) simultaneously using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy sets (FS), and a method for order of preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). The F-AHP and F-TOPSIS hybrid solution techniques were evaluated using 10 quantum security algorithms. The security assessment conclusions indicate that this cutting-edge hybrid technique is the most accurate and useful method to evaluate the security of an HS. Most importantly, these findings will benefit security management without jeopardizing end users.