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Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Endurance Performance and Cardiovascular Function
( Eisuke Ochi ),( Yosuke Tsuchiya ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2019 운동과학 Vol.28 No.4
Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3). Consumption of EPA and DHA has been expected to improve fatigue recovery, endurance performance, antioxidant production, and anti-inflammatory responses. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid on endurance performance as evaluated by human and animal studies and summarizes its effects on cardiovascular and endothelial functions. METHODS: This review summarized the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on the maximum oxygen uptake, exercise economy, muscle endurance performance, and cardiovascular and endothelial functions. RESULTS: Effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on the maximum oxygen uptake are controversial. However, it has been suggested to improve the exercise economy and make the continuation of exercise easier. EPA and DHA supplementation could also improve endurance performance in the peripheral muscles. In addition, they may improve cardiovascular and vascular endothelial functions at rest and have positive effects on the heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output during a submaximal exercise. CONCLUSIONS: This review concluded that EPA and DHA are considered effective in improving endurance performance in the peripheral muscles and cardiovascular function.
Invited Review : Clinical and Basic Studies of Muscle Strain Injury
( Koichi Nakazato ),( Kih Yok Lee ),( Karina Kouzaki ),( Kenji Hiranuma ),( Seok Ki Min ),( Eisuke Ochi ),( Hong Sun Song ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2013 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.25 No.1
In this review, we gleaned clinical and basic studies of muscle strain injury. In clinical situation, thigh muscles, especially hamstrings, are frequently suffered. Sudden eccentric contraction (EC), imbalance of muscle strength, preexisting strain injuries are significant risk factors. Magnetic resonance and ultrasonography imaging provides useful information for diagnosis and care. Atrophy and scar formation can be raised as characteristics in chronic change. Despite of these information, definition and classification for strain injury is still under development. In basic aspect, EC-induced muscle damage is frequently used as a muscle strain injury model. With in vivo EC model, we showed that (1) cellular myogenic events are associated with torque recovery after EC-induced muscle injury, (2) muscle protein degradation is induced by severe ECs. To reproduce unique events in muscle strain injury, such as muscle atrophy, fibrosis and recurrence, is a key to simulate muscle strain injury in animal and human models.