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( Ching Chong Lai ),( Wen Ya Chang ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1989 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.4 No.2
Based on the Frenkel and Rodriguez(1982) model, this paper utilizes the regressive and the intraequilibrium expectation structure respectively to discuss how the economy will respond in the presence of permanent monetary policy, and compares the difference of the dynamic process generated under different expectation formulations. It is shown that, as the public make an overestimation in future long-run financial exchange rate, two kinds of expectations can produce sharply different adjustment paths of the financial exchange rate if capital mobility is relatively immobile. However, both expectations will contribute the same adjustment behavior if capital mobility is highly mobile.
Efforts of Changes in Monetary Policy under Managed Dual Exchange Rates
Lai, Ching-Chong,Chang, Wen-Ya,Chu, Yun-Peng 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1988 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.3 No.2
This paper analyzes how the commercial and financial exchange rates adjust over time under the regime of managed dual rates, following an unanticipated increase in the money supply. It is shown that if the official intervention is light, the commercial rates will first rise, then fall either directly or cyclically to its long-run equilibrium. The financial rates will first overshoot, then deviate further from its long-run equilibrium before it finally returns to the equilibrium either directly or cyclically. These two patterns of adjustment are very different from those under the "pure" dual exchange rates.
Relative Stabilization under Flexible and Dual Exchange Rate Regimes with Rational Expectations
Lai, Ching-chong,Chang, Wen-ya 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1987 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.2 No.2
Based on a rational expectations model, this paper analyzes the relation between wage indexation and the relative performance of macroshocks under the flexible regime versus dual regime with neutral intervention policy. The emphasis is on how the degree and type of wage indexation and the distinction between temporary and permanent disturbances affect the relative output variation under alternative exchange rates.
Lai, Ching-chong,Chang, Wen-ya 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1989 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.4 No.2
Based on the Frenkel and Rodriguez(1982) model, this paper utilizes the regressive and the intraequilibrium expectation structure respectively to discuss how the economy will respond in the presence of permanent monetary policy, and compares the difference of the dynamic process generated under different expectation formulations. It is shown that, as the public make an overestimation in future long-run financial exchange rate, two kinds of expectations can produce sharply different adjustment paths of the financial exchange rate if capital mobility is relatively immobile. However, both expectations will contribute the same adjustment behavior if capital mobility is highly mobile.
Articles : Effects of Changes in Monetary Policy under Managed Dual Exchange Rates
( Ching Chong Lai ),( Wen Ya Chang ),( Yun Peng Chu ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1988 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.3 No.2
This paper analyzes how the commercial and financial exchange rates adjust over time under the regime of managed dual rates, following an unanticipated increase in the money supply. It is shown that if the official intervention is light, the commercial rates will first rise, then fall either directly or cyclically to its long-run equilibrium. The financial rates will first overshoot, then deviate further from its long-run equilibrium before it finally returns to the equilibrium either directly or cyclically. These two patterns of adjustment are very different from those under the "pure" dual exchange rates.
Mooly Mei-ching Wong,Joyce Lai‐Chong Ma,Rhea Rui Yuan 한국사회복지학회 2019 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.13 No.3
This study draws on survey data from 205 family mediation service users concerning their satisfaction with the outcomes of mediation to address two research questions: (a) how satisfied are service users? and (b) what factors account for users' satisfaction with the outcome of child custody arrangements and the allocation of finances and property? Overall, users' level of satisfaction with outcomes was high. While the me-diation process explained a significant variance in satisfaction with the outcomes for child custody and for finances and property, the mediator's perceived professional competence did not predict user satisfaction with the outcomes for either issue. This study contributes to our knowledge on the significance of mediators' process skill, specifically their calm and clear responses to the socioemotional needs of the medi-ated parties, on the service outcomes for both types of dispute. The implications for mediation training are discussed.
Lam, Simon Ching,Chong, Andy Chun Yin,Chung, Jessie Yuk Seng,Lam, Ming Yee,Chan, Lai Man,Shum, Cho Yee,Wong, Eliza Yi Ni,Mok, Yat Man,Lam, Ming Tat,Chan, Man Man,Tong, Ka Ying,Chu, Oi Lee,Siu, Fong Ki 한국성인간호학회 2020 성인간호학회지 Vol.32 No.1
Purpose: This study aimed to establish the translation adequacy and examine the psychometric properties of FaceMask Use Scale (FMUS). Methods: This methodological study employed a cross-sectional design with repeatedmeasures. Phase 1 examined the equivalence and relevance of English and Chinese versions of FMUS. Phase2 examined the internal consistency, stability and construct validity. Different sample batches (213 universitystudents and 971 general public) were used appropriately for psychometric testing. The 2-phase data were collectedbetween January and April 2017. Results: In Phase 1, the semantic equivalence and relevance (item- and scale-levelcontent-validity-index=100%) was satisfactory. Furthermore, from 133 paired test-retest responses, the quadraticweighted kappa (.53~.73, p<.001) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC=.81) between the English andChinese version of FMUS were satisfactory. In Phase 2, FMUS demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency(Cronbach’s ⍺=.80~.81; corrected item-total correlation coefficients=.46~.67) and two-week test-retest stability(ICC=.84). The known-groups method (t=3.08, p<.001), exploratory (71.10% of total variance in two-factor model)and confirmatory factory analysis (x2/df=4.02, Root Mean Square Residual=.03, Root Mean Square Error ofApproximation=.06, Goodness of Fit Index=.99, Comparative Fit Index=.99) were all satisfactory for establishingthe construct validity. Conclusion: The FMUS has an equivalence Chinese and English versions, satisfactoryreliability and validity for measuring the practice of face mask use. This poses clinical and research implications forthose community health nurses who works on respiratory protection. Further research should be conducted on the‘negligent practice’ of FMU.
Kit-Fai Lee,Kandy Kam Cheung Wong,Eugene Yee Juen Lo,Janet Wui Cheung Kung,Hon-Ting Lok,Charing Ching Ning Chong,John Wong,Paul Bo San Lai,Kelvin Kwok Chai Ng 한국간담췌외과학회 2022 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.26 No.1
Backgrounds/Aims: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains a dreadful complication. Duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (DTMPJ) is a commonly performed anastomosis after PD. This study aims to evaluate whether there is a size limit of pancreatic duct below which POPF rate increases significantly after DTMPJ. Methods: A retrospective study was performed from a database with prospectively collected data on consecutive patients undergoing DTMPJ. Results: Between the years 2003 and 2019, a total of 288 patients with DTMPJ were recruited. POPF occurred in 56.3% of the patients, of which 43.8% were biochemical leak, 8.7% were grade B, and 1.4% were grade C. Overall operative morbidity was 51.4%, of which 19.1% were major complications. Five patients (1.7%) died within 90 days of operation. Patients with grade B/C POPF had significantly soft pancreas (p < 0.001), smaller duct size (p = 0.031), and a diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas (p = 0.027). When a clinically significant POPF rate was analysed based on the pancreatic duct diameter, pancreatic duct size ≤ 1 mm had the highest POPF rate (35.7%). There was a significant difference in POPF rate between adjacent ductal diameter ≤ 1 mm and > 1 mm to 2 mm (35.7% vs 13.3%; p = 0.040). Multivariable analysis showed that for the soft pancreas, pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 1 mm was the only significant predictive factor for POPF (p = 0.027). Conclusions: DTMPJ can be safely performed for pancreatic duct > 1 mm without significantly increased POPF risk.