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Functional cortical neurons and astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture
Paf,ca, Anca M,Sloan, Steven A,Clarke, Laura E,Tian, Yuan,Makinson, Christopher D,Huber, Nina,Kim, Chul Hoon,Park, Jin-Young,O'Rourke, Nancy A,Nguyen, Khoa D,Smith, Stephen J,Huguenard, John R,Ge Nature Publishing Group 2015 NATURE METHODS Vol. No.
The human cerebral cortex develops through an elaborate succession of cellular events that, when disrupted, can lead to neuropsychiatric disease. The ability to reprogram somatic cells into pluripotent cells that can be differentiated in vitro provides a unique opportunity to study normal and abnormal corticogenesis. Here, we present a simple and reproducible 3D culture approach for generating a laminated cerebral cortex–like structure, named human cortical spheroids (hCSs), from pluripotent stem cells. hCSs contain neurons from both deep and superficial cortical layers and map transcriptionally to in vivo fetal development. These neurons are electrophysiologically mature, display spontaneous activity, are surrounded by nonreactive astrocytes and form functional synapses. Experiments in acute hCS slices demonstrate that cortical neurons participate in network activity and produce complex synaptic events. These 3D cultures should allow a detailed interrogation of human cortical development, function and disease, and may prove a versatile platform for generating other neuronal and glial subtypes in vitro.
Measurement of the In-MediumK0Inclusive Cross Section inπ−-Induced Reactions at1.15 GeV/c
Benabderrahmane, M. L.,Herrmann, N.,Wib,niewski, K.,Kecskemeti, J.,Andronic, A.,Barret, V.,Basrak, Z.,Bastid, N.,Buehler, P.,Cargnelli, M.,10c,aplar, R.,Cordier, E.,Deppner, I.,Crochet, P.,Dup American Physical Society 2009 Physical Review Letters Vol.102 No.18
<P>The K0 meson production by pi(-) mesons of 1.15 GeV/c momentum on C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb nuclear targets was measured with the FOPI spectrometer at the Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron accelerator of GSI. Inclusive production cross sections and the momentum distributions of K0 mesons are compared to scaled elementary production cross sections and to predictions of theoretical models describing the in-medium production of kaons. The data represent a new reference for those models, which are widely used for interpretation of the strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions. The presented results demonstrate the sensitivity of the kaon production to the reaction amplitudes inside nuclei and point to the existence of a repulsive KN potential of 20+/-5 MeV at normal nuclear matter density.</P>
Properties of Cosmic Helium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Aguilar, M.,Ali Cavasonza, L.,Ambrosi, G.,Arruda, L.,Attig, N.,Bachlechner, A.,Barao, F.,Barrau, A.,Barrin, L.,Bartoloni, A.,Baf,e11f,mez-du Pree, S.,Battiston, R.,Becker, U.,Behlmann, M.,Beis American Physical Society 2019 Physical Review Letters Vol.123 No.18
Aguilar, M.,Ali Cavasonza, L.,Alpat, B.,Ambrosi, G.,Arruda, L.,Attig, N.,Aupetit, S.,Azzarello, P.,Bachlechner, A.,Barao, F.,Barrau, A.,Barrin, L.,Bartoloni, A.,Basara, L.,Baf,e11f,mez-du Pree American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review Letters Vol.119 No.25
<P>We report the observation of new properties of primary cosmic rays He, C, and O measured in the rigidity (momentum/charge) range 2 GV to 3 TV with 90 x 10(6) helium, 8.4 x 10(6) carbon, and 7.0 x 10(6) oxygen nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS) during the first five years of operation. Above 60 GV, these three spectra have identical rigidity dependence. They all deviate from a single power law above 200 GV and harden in an identical way.</P>