근대 한식문헌 속 일제강점기 구황식품(救荒食品) 고찰

김미혜(Mi-Hye Kim) 동아시아식생활학회 2015 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.25 No.5

This research analyzed emergency foods in Korea during the Japanese occupation through the food literature of that era, and attempted to determine the cultural history of food through recorded contents of emergency foods literature. The examination was mainly conducted on the basis of the four excerpts within the emergency foods literature of the Japanese occupation: 『Emergency plants of the Joseon』, 『Wild Fruits and Plants of the Joseon』, 『Guhwangginam』, and 『Emergency Plants and How to Eat of the Joseon』. After a thorough examination, each of the excerpts had unique data regarding amounts of ingredients, such as Namuls, trees, grain, and beans. 『Emergency Plants of the Joseon』 listed 142 Namuls, 54 trees, 『Wild Fruits and Plants of the Joseon』 listed 32 Namuls, 29 trees, 『Guhwangginam』 4 grains, 205 Namuls, 84 trees, 『Emergency Plants and How to Eat of the Joseon』 listed five grain, three beans, 37 Namuls, and eight trees. Emergency foods literature demonstrated the utilization of various wild and edible plants as excellent ingredients for meals. Additionally, changes in traditional cooking methods using sugar, preservation through canning, and frying substantiate the subtle influence of foreign influence on Korean food. Perhaps the carefully structured components of the Korean food can be interpreted as a direct result of a scientific approach. It can be argued that creative application of methods ingredients, approach, of emergency foods is necessary to this modern age.

WILD FOOD PLANTS IN SOUTH KOREA : MARKET PRESENCE, NEW CROPS, AND EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES

PEMBERTON, ROBERT W.,LEE, NAM SOOK 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1996 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

한국의 야생식용식물; 시판, 신재배 및 대미수출식물. 한국에 야생하는 식용식물의 실태를 파악하기 위하여 1989년 부터 1995년 까지 시장을 조사하였다. 시판되는 식물은 40과 83속 112종 이었다. 잎을 야채로 사용하는 식물이 가장 많았고(73.2%)다음은 열매(22.3%), 뿌리(6.2%)와 꽃(4.3%)순으로 나타났다. 이러한 식물 종의 약 반은 3과: 국화과 (29종), 백합과(10종)및 산형과(7종)에 속하였다. 1992년에는 이러한 야생식물 중 19종류가 25,000이상의 농가에서 새로운 작물로 재배되었다. 1994년 이러한 야생식용식물 중 적어도 11종류가 미국으로 수입되어 한국 식품 상인들에 의해 팔리고 있었다. South Korean food markets were examined for the presence of wild-gathered food plants between 1989 and 1995. One hundred twelve species belonging to 83 genera and 40 families were found. Plants used as leafy vegetables were the most common(73.2%), followed by fruits(22.3%), root vegetables(6.2%)and flower foods(4.4%). Nearly half of these plant species belonged to three families: Asteraceae(29)Liliaceae(10)and Apiaceae(7). As of 1992, 19 of these wild foods were also being grown as new crops, a development that involved more than 25000 farm households. As least eleven of these wild food plants were exported to the United States in 1994, where they are sold by Korean food markets.

Uncultivated Biodiversity in Women’s Hand : How to Create Food Sovereignty

PATRIA, Hayu Dyah Asian Center for Women's Studies : Ewha Womans Uni 2013 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.19 No.2

Most of the world’s food is grown, collected, and harvested by over 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, pastoralists, forest dwellers and fisherfolk, of which more than half are women. Women’s knowledge and labor play a key role in sustaining the many diverse, local food systems that still exist today throughout the world. Mantasa is an independent organization in Indonesia that works on edible wild plants. Biodiversity is the key to food sovereignty and women are the holders of knowledge and wisdom related to utilization of natural resources for their livelihood. Galengdowo village, discussed here, is a successful case where women use edible wild plants to sustain their food sovereignty. Hampir seluruh makanan di dunia ditumbuhkan, dikumpulkan dan dipanen oleh lebih dari 2.5 milyar petani kecil, penggembala, pengembara hutan dan nelayan, dimana lebih dari setengahnya adalah kaum perempuan. Pengetahuan dan tenaga kerja kaum perempuan memainkan peran kunci untuk menjaga sistem pangan lokal yang beraneka ragam, yang masih ada hingga sekarang di seluruh dunia. Mantasa adalah lembaga independen yang bekerja untuk tanaman pangan liar. Keanekaragaman hayati adalah kunci dari kedaulatan pangan dan perempuan adalah pemegang pengetahuan dan kearifan yang berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam untuk penghidupan. Desa Galengdowo adalah kasus sukses dimana kaum perempuannya memanfaatkan tanaman pangan liar untuk menciptakan kedaulatan pangan mereka.

Uncultivated Biodiversity in Women’s Hand: How to Create Food Sovereignty

Hayu Dyah PATRIA 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2013 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.19 No.2

Most of the world’s food is grown, collected, and harvested by over 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, pastoralists, forest dwellers and fisherfolk, of which more than half are women. Women’s knowledge and labor play a key role in sustaining the many diverse, local food systems that still exist today throughout the world. Mantasa is an independent organization in Indonesia that works on edible wild plants. Biodiversity is the key to food sovereignty and women are the holders of knowledge and wisdom related to utilization of natural resources for their livelihood. Galengdowo village, discussed here, is a successful case where women use edible wild plants to sustain their food sovereignty.

The cultivation of wild food and medicinal plants for improving community livelihood

Innocent Balagizi Karhagomba,Adhama Mirindi T,Timothee B. Mushagalusa,Victor B. Nabino,Kwangoh Koh,Hee Seon Kim 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.6

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of farming technology on introducing medicinal plants (MP) and wild food plants (WFP) into a traditional agricultural system within peri-urban zones. Field investigations and semi-structured focus group interviews conducted in the Buhozi community showed that 27 health and nutrition problems dominated in the community, and could be treated with 86 domestic plant species. The selected domestic MP and WFP species were collected in the broad neighboring areas of the Buhozi site, and introduced to the experimental field of beans and maize crops in Buhozi. Among the 86 plants introduced, 37 species are confirmed as having both medicinal and nutritional properties, 47 species with medicinal, and 2 species with nutritional properties. The field is arranged in a way that living hedges made from Tithonia diversifolia provide bio-fertilizers to the plants growing along the hedges. The harvest of farming crops does not disturb the MP or WFP, and vice-versa. After harvesting the integrated plants, the community could gain about 40 times higher income, than from harvesting farming crops only. This kind of field may be used throughout the year, to provide both natural medicines and foods. It may therefore contribute to increasing small-scale crop producers’ livelihood, while promoting biodiversity conservation. This model needs to be deeply documented, for further pharmaceutical and nutritional use.

Gastronomic ethnobiology of “terites”—a traditional Batak Karo medicinal food: A ruminant's stomach content as a human food resource

Endang C. Purba,Marina Silalahi,Nisyawati 한국식품연구원 2018 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.5 No.2

Background: Terites is a traditional food of Batak Karo ethnic group, which is cooked with a juice of partly digested food (chyme) of slaughtered cattle. The stomach juice serves as a soup base, cooked together with certain wild and cultivated vegetables, aromatic herbs and possibly also meat. The objectives of this ethnobiological study were to describe terites preparation, document plant species used and to discuss possible implications for the human nutrition. Methods: The data were gathered through individual interviews and group discussions with informants from 6 villages in Karo regency of North Sumatra. The plant specimens were collected in the field and identified taxonomically. Results: A total of 29 plant species belonging to 17 families were used to prepare terites. The main rationale behind consuming this indigenous food was its perceived medicinal value, particularly for the treatment of digestive disorders. Karo people use several lesser-known wild food plants for preparation of this local specialty. To best of our knowledge, consumption of chyme in tropical Asia is so far unique solely to the Batak Karo people. The present ethnographic record of consuming chyme as a medicinal food is also discussed in the context of paleodietary reconstructions. Conclusion: This extraordinary food heritage of Karo indigenous gastronomy, based on traditional knowledge, indicates rich foodscapes and bio-cultural diversity of the Batak Karo ethnic group.

Gnetum africanum: A Wild Food Plant from the African Forest with Many Nutritional and Medicinal Properties

Fadi Ali,Mafu Akier Assanta,Carole Robert 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.11

Gnetum africanum is a forest liana that grows abundantly in Central Africa, South America, and tropical and subtropical Asia. Its leaves are eaten as a vegetable, either raw or finely chopped and cooked; they are also widely used as an ingredient in soups and stews and are much in demand for their nutritional and therapeutic properties. In the latter application, various fractions of G. africanum are used medicinally to treat many different illnesses. Many studies have also shown that the chemical composition of the leaves of this plant gives it significant nutritional properties, and its high fiber, protein, and calorie content support these claims. Several molecular compounds related to the families of stilbenes, glycosylflavones, and flavonostilbenes have been isolated and identified in the leaf extract of this plant. These molecules give the plant its interesting properties and biological activities.

WILD FOOD PLANTS IN SOUTH KOREA; MARKET PRESENCE, NEW CROPS, AND EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES

PEMBERTON, ROBERT W.,LEE,NAM SOOK 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

한국에 야생하는 식용식물의 실태를 파악하기 위하여 1989년부터 1995년까지 시장을 조사하였다. 시판되는 식물은 40과 83속 112종 이었다. 잎을 야채로 사용하는 식풀이 가장 많았고 (73.2%) 다음은 열매(22.3%), 뿌리(6.2%)와 꽃(4.3%)순으로 나타났다. 이러한 식물 종의 약 반은 3과 :국화과(29종), 백합과(10종) 및 산형과(7종)에 속한다. 1992년에는 이러한 야생식물중 19종류가 25,000이상의 농가에서 새로운 작물로 재배되었다. 1994년 이러한 야생식용식물 증 적어도 11종류가 미국으로 수입되어 한국 식품 상인들에 의해 팔리고 있었다.

Looking into the past to build the future: food, memory, and identity in the indigenous societies of Puebla, Mexico

Lugo-Morin Diosey Ramon 한국식품연구원 2022 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.9 No.-

Food memory has been determinant in the survival of social groups, the causes of its activation are varied (e.g. feelings, identity, need or challenge) and it is transmitted from generation to generation. These interactions have given rise to an ethnic food heritage that responds to cultural processes and territorial specificities. It is in this logic that this study is proposed, which aims to explore the dynamics between food, memory, and identity of two ethnic groups in the state of Puebla in Mexico in a context of health disruption. The experience of these two groups shows how food identity and memory is particularly strategic in the face of adversity, as is currently the case with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Non-timber forest product types and its income contribution to rural households in the Horn of Africa: a systematic review

Derebe Binega,Alemu Asmamaw 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.3

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are those that come from forests other than those that provide timber. In order to identify the NTFPs’ financial contribution and usage categories based on regional and temporal patterns in the Horn of Africa countries, we performed a systematic review of 60 papers published between 2010 and 2022. The review used the search terms Non-Timber Forest Product OR Non- Wood Forest Product(NWFPs) OR Minor Forest Product in combination with Livelihoods and also Horn of Africa countries to thor- oughly search the articles on the Google Scholar, Research4life, Scopus, Science direct, ResearchGate portals, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The records contained information about the paper’s title, abstract, keywords, authors, country, NTFP income amount, NTFP usage type, and publication year. The recorded data were analyzed using R Studio, IBM SPSS Statistics 26, and Excel 2019. The majority of the research article for this review was done in Ethiopia (45%), Sudan (22%) and Kenya (17%), respectively. According to the review’s find- ings, NTFPs have a significant impact on rural household income in six nations, the average NTFP overall revenue was 24.41%. There were more than 35 NTFP uses and the source of product in the Horn of African Countries however, Gum Arabic, Food, Firewood, Medicinal plant, and honey were the five NTFP usage types that were used by people and found in almost in all countries of the Horn of Africa. The fact that different countries utilize different types of NTFPs, the most commonly used types of NTFPs have statistically significances differ (p < 0.05). According to the systematic review, the Horn of Africa is rich in NTFPs, which enhance rural income.