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( Yoye Yu ),( Rihua Piao ),( Wenzhu Jiang ),( Sunghan Kim ),( Hee Jong Koh ) 한국육종학회 2013 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.1 No.1
Rice hulls remain closed throughout the ripening period to maintain internal humidity of the grains. An Open-hull sterile mutant was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treatment on Sinsunchalbyeo rice, a japonica type. This mutant showed Open hulls even in the ripening stage and fully mature grains. In addition, several altered characteristics were observed, including narrowed palea, decreased grain size, partial pollen sterility and erect panicle. Microscopic analysis showed that the palea was positioned slightly inside the lemma, and the size of palea decreased in mutant. Genetic analysis of F2 and F3 populations derived from the cross between the Open-hull sterile mutant (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) and Milyang23 (O. sativa ssp. indica) indicated that the open-hull trait was controlled by a single recessive allele. Fine-mapping with STS (sequence tagged site) markers revealed that the mutant gene was located on the short arm of chromosome 3. The location of the gene was further narrowed down to 30.6 kb where three candidate genes were found.
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Phenotypic characterization and genetic mapping of an open-hull sterile mutant in rice.
Gileung Lee,Yoye Yu,Rihua Piao,Aeri Han,Sunghan Kim,Hee-Jong Koh 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07
Rice hulls remain closed throughout the ripening period to maintain internal humidity of the grains. An Open-hull sterile mutant was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) treatment on Sinsunchalbyeo rice, a japonica type. This mutant showed open hulls even in the ripening stages and fully mature grains. In addition, several altered characteristics were observed, including of narrowed palea, decreased grain size, partial pollen sterility and erect panicle. Microscopic analysis showed that the palea was positioned slightly inside the lemma, and the size of palea decreased in the mutant. Genetic analysis of F2 and F3 segregation populations derived from the cross between the Open-hull sterile mutant (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) and Milyang23 (O. sativa ssp. indica) indicated that the Open-hull trait was controlled by a single recessive allele. The fine-mapping with STS (sequence tagged site) markers revealed that the mutant gene was located on the short arm of chromosome 3. We were able to narrow it down until 30.6Kb where three candidate genes were found.
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Female Sterilization by Forming Ovarian Tumor Chambers in fs231 Drosophila melanogaster mutant
Kim, Jung-Kon,Jeong, Gie-Joon 한국곤충학회 1990 Entomological Research Vol.20 No.3
화학적 방법으로 유발된 초파리 fs231 돌연변이체의 난형성 과정에서 fs231 유전자의 호모와 헤데로 상태에 따른 차이점을 세포학적 방법으로 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. fs231 생식실은 가임형보다 크며 가임생식실의 cystocyte와 유사한 미분화된 세포를 함유한다. 2. 불임의 fs231 생식실에서는 중배엽성 세포가 생식실의 하부에서 불균일한 수의 종양세포 집단 사이로 침입하여 들어가나 가임의 생식실에는 반드시 다수의 16세포 집단사이에만 침입한다. 3. fs231 돌연변이체는 산란을 하지 않고 난실의 내부에 퇴화하는 세포가 관찰된다. 4. Ring canal은 불임이나 가임개체의 여포상피세포에서는 관찰되지 않고 종양세포 사이에서 관찰되는 점으로 보아 종양세포는 여포상피세포 계통이 아니고 생식세포 계통이라 믿어진다. 5. 생식실의 난세포 형성 초기단계에서 fusome과 미세소관의 분화가 일어난다. 그러나 후기단계에서는 특정한 변화가 ring canal에서 관찰되지 않는다. The chemically induced fs231 mutant in Drosophila melanogaster was studied cytologically to reveal the differences between homozygous and heterozygous females during the process of oogenesis. The results are as follows: 1) The fs23i germarium unlike the fertile type has a larger germarium and many undifferentiated cells resembling the germarial cystocytes.2) In the fs231 germarium the mesodermal cells invade the clusters of different number of tumor cells at the posterior region while in the fertile germarium there are a few of 16 cell clusters invaded by mesodermal cells.3) The fs231 female never lays the egg and the degenerating tumor cells are observed in the interior of the chamber 4) Ring canals have never been found between adjacent follicle cells in either fertile and sterile ovary. Since ring canals connect adjacent tumor cells, these cells are believed to be the germ cell rather than follicle origin. 5) The differentiation of the fusome and microtubules occurs at the early stages of oocyte formation in the germarium, but no special orientation is visible adjacent to the ring canals at the later stages.
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벼 유전자적 웅성불임-심백 돌연변이체의 특성과 그를 이용한 일대잡종 육성체계
高熙宗,許文會 韓國作物學會 1995 Korean journal of crop science Vol.40 No.6
화청벼에서 유기시킨 심백경유 및 유전자적 웅성불임 돌연변이계통에 있어서 두 특성간의 상호관련성을 검토하였고, 종실의 몇가지 이화학적 특성을 밝혔다. 돌연변이계통의 생육형질과 불임의 안정성을 조사하였고 웅성불임화시 기를 추정하였다. 이들을 토대로 웅성불임종자의 조기 외관 식별에 의한 새로운 일대잡종품종 육성체계를 구상하였고 자연교잡율도 검토하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 1. 심백 및 유전자적 웅성불임 돌연변이는 다면발현 효과를 가진 단순열성유전자에 의해 지배되었다. 즉 이 돌연변이계통이 교잡된 분리집단에서 심백종자는 곧 웅성불임종자임을 확인하였다. 2. 심백종자는 외형과 크기는 정상종자와 동일하였으나 배유 중앙부위의 전분결정조직이 성기고 전분입자 모양도 원형~타원형 이었다. 따라서 1,000립중, 절대밀도, 경도 등이 정상종자에 비해 유의하게 낮아졌다. 3. 심백종자의 단백질함량과 알칼리 붕괴도는 정상종자와 동일하였으나 아밀로스함량이 유의하게 낮아졌고, 호응집성에서는 상당히 harder gel 특성을 보였다. 4. 웅성불임식물체는 정상식물체에 비해 초장 및 간장이 현저히 단축되었고 이삭추출이 불량하였으며 주당수수가 유의하게 적었다. 5. 화분발육단계 중 웅성불임화시기는 감수분열기 이전인 것으로 추정되었고, 이 웅성불임은 온도나 일장에 관계없이 항상안정적이었다. 6. 이 돌연변이체를 이용하여 일대잡종을 육성하는 체계를 구상하였고, 그 효율을 세포질적-유전자적 웅성불임(CGMS)이나 환경감응 유전적 웅성불임(EGMS) 등을 이용하는 체계와 비교하였다. 7. 분리집단에서 정조상태로 웅성불임증자를 선별시 비중선 단독으로는 비중 1.14~l.16 g/cm 에서 순도 85~90% 웅성불임종자의 순도로 웅성불임종자를 선별할 수 있었는데, 10~15%의 흔입된 정상종자는 파종 후 유묘 또는 일대잡종생산포에서 생육상태 판정으로 용이하게 제거할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 8. 웅성불임계통의 자연교잡율은 수분조작처리구(GA3 처리+지엽절단+rope 사용 화분털기)에서 화분친 2열, 웅성불임 1열 재식시 17.3%로 가장 높았다. A mutant for chalky endosperm and genetic male sterility (GMS) was newly developed in rice. The two characters were found to be controlled by single recessive gene which has pleiotropic effect, indicating that chalky seeds should be GMS seeds in segregating populations. Chalky seeds showed the same shape and size as normal seeds. However, starch composition of central part of endosperm was looser and shape of starch granules was rounder compared with normal endosperm, resulting in significantly lower grain weight, absolute density and grain hardness in chalky grains than in normal ones. Amylose content and gel consistency of chalky grains were much lower and harder, respectively. Male sterile plants showed much shorter plant height, poorer panicle exsertion and lesser panicle number compared with normal plants. Microspore abortion stage in pollen developmental process was observed as before meiosis. Male sterility of the mutant was stable regadless of temperature and day length. A system breeding hybrid rice using this mutant was discussed, comp ring with other systems utilizing cytoplasmic-genic male sterility(CGMS) and environment sensitive GMS(EGMS). Separation of GMS seeds in mixed seed bulks by specific gravity (1.14∼1.16g / cm3) was successful about 85∼90%. But some mixed normal plants were seemed to be easily removed by the apparent difference in growth characters at seedling stage. The highest natural outcrossing rate of this GMS line was as 17.3 % in a plot treated with 2-row pollinator, I-row GMS, and GA3 + cutting of flag leaf + pollen-scattering by rope.
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