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Jeong Sun Park,Youngho Cho,Min Jee Kim,Sang Ho Nam,Iksoo Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
The black-veined white, Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea), is nearly extinct in South Korea, although substantial numbers of dried specimens are available. One of the common practices for such species is to launch re-introduction program after proper amount of genetic information are analyzed from donor and donee populations. In this study, we sequenced complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of A. crataegi to design species-specific primers for subsequent population works and to further understand the mitogenome evolution in lepodiopteran Papilionoidea. The 15,140-bp long A. crataegi mitogenome that has typical sets of 37 genes is smallest among true butterfly species with overall slightly smaller size in genes and regions throughout the genome. Arrangement of the genome is identical to those of other lepidopteran mitogenomes, in which tRNA cluster located between the A+T-rich region and ND2 gene is translocated into tRNAMet, tRNAIle, and tRNAGln from ancestral arrangement, tRNAIle, and tRNAGln, tRNAMet. The A/T content of the genome at 81.3% is the highest in Pieridae, but lower than that of lycaenid species (81.7% ~ 82.7%) The high A/T content in the genome is also reflected in codon usage, accounting for 41.69% of A/T-composed codons (TTA, ATT, TTT, and ATA). Unlikely the diversified or modified usage of anticodon for tRNASer(AGN) the species of Pieridae including A. crataegi all unanimously have GCT that has been hypothesized as ancestral for Lepidoptera. A total of 111 bp of non-coding sequences are dispersed in 13 regions, ranging in size from 1–49 bp. Among them relatively longer ones (≥ 16 bp) all have relatively higher sequence identity to other regions of the genome, suggesting partial duplication of the sequences during A. crataegi evolution. As has been reported in some species of Lepidoptera, the A. crataegi A+T-region also has typically found conserved sequences (e.g., poly-T stretch, ATAGA motif, ATTTA element, microsatellite-like A/T sequence, and poly-A stretch) and one tRNA-like sequence, and this feature was commonly found in true butterfly species.
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Jong Sun Kim,Jeong Sun Park,Min Jee Kim,Pil Don Kang,Byung Rae Jin,Yeon Soo Han,Iksoo Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05
The Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a commercial silk-producing insect belonging to an insect family Saturniidae in Bombycoidea. The species that has presumably been originated in India, is distributed in India, China, and Japan. Unlikely domestic silkworm the prime host plant for the species is a castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis in Euphorbiaceae). Recently, the eri-silkworm also is reared in Korea and is expected to be utilized for a diverse purpose. In this report, we present the complete mitochondrial genome of the species with the emphasis of a few major characteristics. The 15,384-bp long S. cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) mitochondrial genome was amplified into three long overlapping fragments (from COI ~ ND4, ND5 ~ lrRNA, and lrRNA ~ COI) and subsequent several short fragments using the long fragments as temperate. The primers for both long and short fragments were designed solely for lepidopteran genomes, without any species-specific primers. As a usual the genome is composed of 37 genes: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes, and one large non-coding region termed the A+T-rich region. Arrangement of the genome is identical to those of other lepidopteran mitochondrial genome, but this differs from the common arrangement found in a diverse insect order, by the movement of tRNAMet to a position 5’- up stream of tRNAIle. Unlikely previous report on the start codon for COI gene in Lepidoptera S. cynthia ricini COI gene starts with typical ATT codon located between tRNATyr and the beginning region of COI gene. The 22 tRNAs that are interspersed throughout the mitogenome ranged in length from 62 to 71 bp. All tRNAs but tRNASer(AGN) were shown to be folded into the expected cloverleaf secondary structures. More detailed structural and phylogenetic analyses among Bombycidae and Saturniidae in connection with other families in the Bombycoidea will be performed soon
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Leaf-mine trace fossils as evidence of diversification of lepidopteran feeding habits
Jae-Cheon Sohn,Kye Soo Nam,Sei-Woong Choi 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
Lepidoptera, one of the major herbivore groups on terrestrial ecosystems, have evolved various feeding habits on theirhostplants. Diversification of feeding habits has led to their success in the extant fauna. However, there have been limitedstudies scrutinizing evolutionary patterns of such diversification (Kaila et al., 2011; Regier et al., 2015; Sohn et al., 2016).Leaf-mining is the major form of lepidopteran endophagy, occurring in at least 34 families (Hering, 1951). Leaf miningis considered a primitive trait in Lepidoptera because it characterizes the basal (non-ditrysian) lineages, while the derivedDitrysia and Macrolepidoptera trend strongly toward external feeding (Connor & Taverner, 1997). In contrast, internalfeeding is restricted to relatively derived lineages in other insect orders. This contrasting pattern may be a key for understandingthe evolutionary history of Lepidoptera. We discuss this issue based on two lepidopteran leaf-mine fossils discovered lately.
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Cambodian Species of the Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae): Part III
Bayarsaikhan Ulziijargal,Young-Don Ju,Mu jie Qi,Chea Nareth,Yang-Seop Bae 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04
The family Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) is one of four quadrifid noctuoid families recently redefined by Zahiri et al. (2011) and Zaspel et al. (2012). Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005) verified the monophyly of Erebidae in terms of morphology but retained Arctiidae and Lymantriidae as separate families. These two groups were readjusted as erebid subfamilies in the latest phylogeny of Noctuoidea (Zahiri et al., 2011), and by van Nieukerken et al. (2011). Erebidae, as currently defined comprises 1760 genera and 24.569 species (van Nieukerken et al., 2011), representing the largest family of the Lepidoptera. The quadrifid Noctuoidea describes taxa in which forewing vein M2 arises closer to the origin of M3 than M1, in the lower part of the discal cell, so that the cubital vein appears to be four-branched; M2 in the hindwing is present giving vein Cu a four-branched appearance. Taxonomic study of the Arctiidae in Cambodia has been done by a few foreign entomologists. As the results of this study, about 98 species of 45 genera belonging to Arctiidae were recorded from Cambodia, most of them are recorded for the first time in Cambodia.
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Bong-Kyu Byun,Bong-Woo Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
The first checklist of the North Korean insects was presented by Zhu (1969), and it included 34 species of Tortricidae. From the early 1970s to the late 1980s, the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) had conducted zoological expeditions to North Korea under cooperative scientific research agreements (Park & Lee, 1992). These expeditions added significant information to our knowledge of the fauna of North Korea, including a large numbers of Lepidoptera. Based on the entomological collection of Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, we report three species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera), Ancylis melanostigma Kuznetsov, Eucoenogenes japonica Kawabe, and Eucosma glebana (Snellen) for the first time from North Korea. Photos of adults and the genitalia of the newly recorded species are provided with brief comments on the distribution. Also taxonomic accounts for the species are given.
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Jeong Sun Park,Youngho Cho,김민지,남상호,김익수 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.3
The black-veined white, Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) is nearly extinct in South Korea,although substantial numbers of dried specimens are available. One of the common practices used to rescue such endangered species is to launch a re-introduction program after a proper amount of genetic information is analyzed from donor and donee populations. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of A. crataegi to accumulate genetic information for subsequent population studies and to further understand the mitogenome evolution in true butterflies, Papilionoidea. The 15,140-bp long A. crataegi mitogenome has typical sets of 37 genes and is the smallest among the true butterfly species,with overall slightly smaller size genes and regions throughout the genome. The A/T content of the genome (81.3%) is the highest in Pieridae, where A. crataegi belongs, but lower than that of the lycaenid species (81.7%–82.7%). Unlike the diversified or modified usage of an anticodon for tRNASer(AGN), the species of Pieridae including A. crataegi all contain GCT that has been hypothesized as being ancestral for Lepidoptera. A total of 111 bp of non-coding sequences are interspersed in 13 regions, ranging in size from 1–49 bp. Among these sequences, relatively longer ones (≥16 bp) all have relatively higher sequence identity to other regions of the genome, suggesting partial duplication of the sequences during A. crataegi evolution.
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Sihvonen Pasi Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.1
A preliminary check-list with distribution data on the Chinese species of the geometrid moth genus Scopula Schrank is presented (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae). The check-list brings together previously published and unpublished species level faunistic records and as a result 88 species are reported to occur in the country. To better understand the current state of species diversity of the Chinese Scopula, a historical review of the temporal patterns of species description and spatial distribution of species were examined and compared with the current knowledge of species level faunistic data. A majority of the Chinese Scopula fauna has been described in the period between 1860-1930, a cumulative species accumulation curve follows an approximately sigmoidal function and is apparently reaching an asymptote. This is considered an artefact resulting from low research activity. The majority of Chinese Scopula species have been described from central and southern China. This spatial pattern somewhat agrees with the current knowledge of the Chinese Scopula species distributions. A significant rise in the total number of observed species is unlikely.
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Mitochondrial genome arrangement in Lepidoptera: evolutionary independency or phylogenetic signal?
Jeong Sun Park,Min Jee Kim,Su Yeon Jeong,Iksoo Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04
In order to understand evolutionary characteristics of gene rearrangement in Lepidoptera, we collected all available complete mitogenome (mitogenome) sequences registered in GenBank (274 mitogenomes from 44 families in 23 superfamilies as of August 6, 2015). It turned up six rearrangements that differ from the arrangement of ancestral insects, including that of the gelechioid Mesophleps albilinella that we sequenced in this study. The M. albilinella mitogenome has a unique gene arrangement among the Gelechioidea: ARNESF (the underline signifies an inverted gene) at the ND3 and ND5 junction, as opposed to the ARNSEF that is found in ancestral insects. Most of the rearrangements can be explained by the tandem duplication-random loss model, but inversion, which requires recombination, is also found in two cases, including M. albilinella. Excluding the MIQ rearrangement at the A+T-rich region and ND2 junction, which is found in nearly all Ditrysia, most of the remaining rearrangements found in Lepidoptera appear to be independently derived in that they are automorphic at several taxonomic scales. Current mitogenomic data are limited, particularly for congeneric data. Thus, future research focused on congenerics could clarify evolutionary independency at the generic level also.
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Wang, Ah Rha,Jeong, Heon Cheon,Han, Yeon Soo,Kim, Iksoo Informa UK Ltd. 2014 Mitochondrial DNA Vol.25 No.2
<P>The mountainous duskywing, <I>Erynnis montanus</I>, belongs to a lepidopteran family Hesperiidae. The 15,530-bp long complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the species has the typical gene content of animals (13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and one major non-coding <I>A</I>+<I>T</I>-rich region). As typical in lepidopteran mitogenome <I>E. montanus</I> mitogenome also contained a high <I>A</I>/<I>T</I> content in the whole genome (81.7%) and the CGA (arginine) as the start codon for the COI gene. Unlike other lepidopteran species, including two sequenced skippers, the <I>E. montanus</I> mitogenome has a unique arrangement tRNA<SUP>Ser</SUP>-tRNA<SUP>Asn</SUP>, instead of the tRNA<SUP>Asn</SUP>-tRNA<SUP>Ser</SUP> found unanimously in other lepidopteran species, providing a new gene arrangement in Lepidoptera. Such rearrangement probably was likely caused by duplication of gene block tRNA<SUP>Ser</SUP>-tRNA<SUP>Asn</SUP> and subsequent random loss of tRNA<SUP>Asn</SUP> in the first copy and tRNA<SUP>Ser</SUP> in the second copy, resulting in the arrangement tRNA<SUP>Ser</SUP>-tRNA<SUP>Asn</SUP>.</P>
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Min Jee Kim,Xinlong Wan,Iksoo Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
We newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes of Spodoptera litura and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera) to obtain further insight into mitochondrial genome evolution and investigated the influence of optimal strategies on phylogenetic reconstruction of Lepidoptera. Estimation of p-distances of each mitochondrial gene for available taxonomic levels has shown the highest value in ND6, whereas the lowest values in COI and COII at the nucleotide level, suggesting different utility of each gene for different hierarchical group when individual genes are utilized for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analyses mainly yielded the relationships (((((Bombycoidea + Geometroidea) + Noctuoidea) + Pyraloidea) + Papilionoidea) + Tortricoidea), evidencing the polyphyly of Macrolepidoptera. The tests of optimality strategies, such as exclusion of third codon positions, inclusion of rRNA and tRNA genes, data partitioning, RY recoding approach, and recoding nucleotides into amino acids suggested that the majority of the strategies did not substantially alter phylogenetic topologies or nodal supports, except for some familial relationship only in the amino acid dataset.
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