항공안전을 위한 인간공학적 대응

김대호,Kim, Dae Ho 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review, with the main focus on aviation safety technology and management program, how human factors are currently taken into consideration within transportation sectors, especially aviation, and to further share related information. Background: Human factors account for the majority of aviation accidents/incidents. Thus, the aviation sector has been comparatively quick in developing and applying technologies and management programs that deal with human factors. This paper reviews the latest safety technologies and management programs regarding human factors and aims to identify the trend. Method: This paper, based on literature research and practical experience, examines the latest international standards on technologies and management programs, those that deal with human factors and are adopted by international and domestic aviation organization. The main focus of discussion is how human factors are reflected during the system design and operation process. Results: The current most important issue in designing is the consideration of human factors in Cockpit, Automation, and Safety system technology design. From an operational point of view, the issues at hand are screening and training aviation workers to promote aviation safety, providing education on human factors and CRM/TEM, and running a safety management program to implement SMS. They were discussed based on the operational experience within the aviation sector. Conclusion: Major examples of a human factors approach to promote aviation safety are safety programs and various safety and monitoring technologies applied to aviation personnel for error management. These programs must be managed in an integrated manner that takes both the system designing and operational point of view into account. Application: It is thought that the human factors approach for promoting aviation safety reviewed in this paper can be extended and applied to safety management programs in other transportation sectors such as the railroad, maritime, road traffic etc.

Safety Culture, A New Challenge to Human Factors Engineering for 21st Century

Yong-Hee Lee 대한인간공학회 2016 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.35 No.6

Objective:This paper discusses the recent challenges to human factors engineering due to the safety culture. Background: As incidents occurring in specific fields such as logistics, plant, energy and medical sectors in Korea, as well as in the public sectors including railway, road, aviation and shipping, are recently raised as social issues from the disaster dimension, those incidents are dealt with as man-made disasters in many cases. The trend regarding all accidents as man-made disasters has been expanded in the active perspective that the controllability of all incidents should be ensured in technology development, due to change from a fatal point of view regarding disasters as random occurrence of uncertainties in the past. Method: Man-made disasters are concluded as human errors, and safety culture stands out as a cause of human errors or a new cause item recently. Because safety culture, however, is a very comprehensive term, of which true nature is obscure, although many definitions of safety culture have been presented, the safety culture may make avoid the true nature and responsibility of an incident, or make the main player and subject obscure. Raising safety culture as a cause without presenting a specific countermeasure will be just a wisdom of hindsight. Results and Conclusion: This study reviews the fundamental discussions on “Is safety culture a task of human factors engineering?” and the existing approach carried out from various perspectives in order to seek an effective approach on the new task of safety culture in the human factors engineering field. This study discusses an engineering approach to meet a precondition that safety culture is not just an added factor through a review of the approaches in the proactive fields such as nuclear power and aviation, and the traditional approaches of human factors engineering. Application: This study especially defines the perspective of socio-technological system that has expanded the existing man-machine system, and discusses a systemic approach embracing various interactions, and several overriding tasks.

IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH EMERGING NUCLEAR PLANT TECHNOLOGY

O'Hara, John M.,Higgins, James C.,Brown, William S. Korean Nuclear Society 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

This study has identified human performance research issues associated with the implementation of new technology in nuclear power plants (NPPs). To identify the research issues, current industry developments and trends were evaluated in the areas of reactor technology, instrumentation and control technology, human-system integration technology, and human factors engineering (HFE) methods and tools. The issues were prioritized into four categories based on evaluations provided by 14 independent subject matter experts representing vendors, utilities, research organizations and regulators. Twenty issues were categorized into the top priority category. The study also identifies the priority of each issue and the rationale for those in the top priority category. The top priority issues were then organized into research program areas of: New Concepts of Operation using Multi-agent Teams, Human-system Interface Design, Complexity Issues in Advanced Systems, Operating Experience of New and Modernized Plants, and HFE Methods and Tools. The results can serve as input to the development of a long-term strategy and plan for addressing human performance in these areas to support the safe operation of new NPPs.

IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH EMERGING NUCLEAR PLANT TECHNOLOGY

JOHN M. O’HARA,JAMES C. HIGGINS,WILLIAM S. BROWN 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

This study has identified human performance research issues associated with the implementation of new technology in nuclear power plants (NPPs). To identify the research issues, current industry developments and trends were evaluated in the areas of reactor technology, instrumentation and control technology, human-system integration technology, and human factors engineering (HFE) methods and tools. The issues were prioritized into four categories based on evaluations provided by 14 independent subject matter experts representing vendors, utilities, research organizations and regulators. Twenty issues were categorized into the top priority category. The study also identifies the priority of each issue and the rationale for those in the top priority category. The top priority issues were then organized into research program areas of: New Concepts of Operation using Multi-agent Teams, Human-system Interface Design, Complexity Issues in Advanced Systems, Operating Experience of New and Modernized Plants, and HFE Methods and Tools. The results can serve as input to the development of a long-term strategy and plan for addressing human performance in these areas to support the safe operation of new NPPs.

인지행태공학 : 통합적 인간공학 방법론의 제안 및 운전작업공간 및 인터페이스 설계에의 적용

Gyouhyung Kyung,Maury A. Nussbaum 대한인간공학회 2009 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.5

Perception-Behavior Engineering, an integrated human factors methodology, is proposed to integrate more systematically user perceptions and behavior-related information into design. The major merits of this approach are: 1) elicitation of perceptions and behaviors that are strongly related to design improvement; 2) establishment of the interrelationships between perceptions, behaviors, and design attributes; and 3) explicit application of these relationships while designing a product. First, the 4-phase process (i.e., perception spanning, behavior spanning, matching, and design/evaluation) that constitutes Perception-Behavior Engineering will be presented, and then comparisons will be made with existing methods such as Sensibility (Kansei) Engineering and Human Factors Engineering. In order to verify its practicality, the proposed process was applied to the driver workspace and interface design.

Human-System Interface Design for Severe Accident Management Support System based on Human Factors Engineering Program

Sungheon Lee(이승헌),Jonghyun Kim(김종현) 대한인간공학회 2018 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

A Method to Select Humane-System Interfaces for Nuclear Power Plants

Hugo, Jacques V.,Gertman, David I. Korean Nuclear Society 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.1

The new generation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) will likely make use of state-of-the-art technologies in many areas of the plant. The analysis, design, and selection of advanced human-system interfaces (HSIs) constitute an important part of power plant engineering. Designers need to consider the new capabilities afforded by these technologies in the context of current regulations and new operational concepts, which is why they need a more rigorous method by which to plan the introduction of advanced HSIs in NPP work areas. Much of current human factors research stops at the user interface and fails to provide a definitive process for integration of end user devices with instrumentation and control and operational concepts. The current lack of a clear definition of HSI technology, including the process for integration, makes characterization and implementation of new and advanced HSIs difficult. This paper describes how new design concepts in the nuclear industry can be analyzed and how HSI technologies associated with new industrial processes might be considered. It also describes a basis for an understanding of human as well as technology characteristics that could be incorporated into a prioritization scheme for technology selection and deployment plans.

A Method to Select Human – System Interfaces for Nuclear Power Plants

Jacques V. Hugo,David I. Gertman 한국원자력학회 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.1

The new generation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) will likely make use of state-of-the-arttechnologies in many areas of the plant. The analysis, design, and selection of advancedhumanesystem interfaces (HSIs) constitute an important part of power plant engineering. Designers need to consider the new capabilities afforded by these technologies in thecontext of current regulations and new operational concepts, which is why they need amore rigorous method by which to plan the introduction of advanced HSIs in NPP workareas. Much of current human factors research stops at the user interface and fails toprovide a definitive process for integration of end user devices with instrumentation andcontrol and operational concepts. The current lack of a clear definition of HSI technology,including the process for integration, makes characterization and implementation of newand advanced HSIs difficult. This paper describes how new design concepts in the nuclearindustry can be analyzed and how HSI technologies associated with new industrial processesmight be considered. It also describes a basis for an understanding of human as wellas technology characteristics that could be incorporated into a prioritization scheme fortechnology selection and deployment plans.

Application and Effect of Usability Engineering for Radiofrequency Electrosurgical Cautery Apparatus

Jaemin Song,Yunsuk Lee,Hyelim Kang,Peom Park 대한인간공학회 2018 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

Objective: Usability engineering is applied to radiofrequency electrosurgical cautery apparatus to analyze its improvement and effect. Background: Because medical devices using electricity i.e., electronic medical devices, if defective, can cause serious damage to patients, manufacturers are required to perform the usability assessment of all such devices in accordance with the guidelines specified in IEC 60601-1-6, under the section “General requirements for electrical and mechanical safety of medical devices”.[1] Method: Medical personnel, with experience in operating radiofrequency electrosurgical cautery apparatus, and with relevant clinical experience over a requisite period, were recruited to participate in the tests. Formative and summative tests were performed for approximately 8 months in a laboratory that simulated conditions of a real operation theater. The usage errors identified by observers during the tests were compared with subjective data obtained from the participants via post-test surveys and interviews. Results: After completion of the assessment, the users" opinions were considered to improve the user interface. No significant problem was encountered. Conclusion: Usability engineering was used to develop a medical device, and the clinical needs of medical personnel who participated in the tests were considered. The medical device was improved from the perspective of human-factors engineering. The analysis of the results clearly indicated the advantages of applying usability engineering. Application: This process enables the discovery of probable risks or errors of a medical device in advance, thereby making the device safer and more usual.

Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a hydrogel construct: Neocartilage formation in animal models as both mice and rabbits

Park, Ji Sun,Woo, Dae Gyun,Yang, Han Na,Lim, Hye Jin,Park, Kyong Mi,Na, Kun,Park, Keun-Hong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Vol.a92 No.3

<P>In this study, in vivo studies, both nude mouse and rabbit cartilage defect, were tested for chondrogenesis using stem cells (SCs) using growth factor. Specifically, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were embedded in a hydrogel scaffold, which was coencapsulated with transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3). The specific extracellular matrices (ECMs) released from hMSCs transplanted into the animal were assessed via glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA content, RT-PCR, real time-QPCR, immunohistochemical (IHC), and Safranin-O staining and were observed up to 7 weeks after injection. By detection of ECMs the GAG content per cell remained constant for all formulations, indicating that the dramatic increase in cell number for samples with TGF-β3 was accompanied by the maintenance of the cell phenotypes. The histological and IHC staining of the newly repaired tissues observed after treatment with TGF-β3 mixed with hMSCs evidenced hyaline cartilage-like characteristics. Moreover, the results observed with the animal model (rabbit) treated with hMSCs embedded in the growth factor-containing hydrogel indicate that the implantation of mixed cells with TGF-β3 may constitute a clinically efficient method for the regeneration of hyaline articular cartilage. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010</P>