Cultural Resources Development Potential Evaluation of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone

Tian, Hong 한중경제문화학회 2017 한중경제문화연구 Vol.8 No.-

The 13th “Five year plan” clearly puts forward the goal of making cultural industry become the pillar industry of national economy in the next five years, which means cultural industry becomes a new development momentum, and are attached much greater importance by the government. Cultural resources are the material basis for the cultural industry, to scientifically classify and evaluate the cultural resources is the key to transform cultural resource advantage into industrial advantage. Firstly, referring to the method of national tourist resources classification, the cultural resources in the Shandong peninsula blue economic zone can be divided into seven types, which are natural landscape culture resources, historical culture resources, folk customs culture resources, religious culture resources, festival events culture resources, literature and art, reality culture resources. Then, the development potential of cultural resources in the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone were evaluated using the multilevel grey method. The evaluation results showed that the development potential of the cultural resources in the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone is the highest and the development potential order of each type was W (natural)>W(historical)>W(folk)>W(literaryarts)>W(festivalevent)>W(Religion)>W(real), among which natural landscape culture resources and history culture resources has the greatest development potential, festival event culture resources and reality culture resources has a comparative advantage, literature and art resources has a advantaged talent and outstanding development characteristics, and festival events culture resources has great potential market demand and expected development benefits.

NATURAL RESOURCE ABUNDANCE, HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES

DAVOOD BEHBUDI,SIAB MAMIPOUR,AZHDAR KARAMI 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2010 Journal of Economic Development Vol.35 No.3

Growth literatures indicate that human capital, education and technology progress are effective factors on economic growth. Empirical studies present that natural resource abundance have an important role on economic growth in natural-resource-rich countries. This paper investigates the relationship natural resource abundance, human capital and economic growth in two groups of petroleum exporting countries: namely A Major petroleum exporters B) Other petroleum exporters. The paper first, investigated the relationships between related variables by cross section method and then the proposed model is tested by panel data for the period 1970-2004. Findings showed that physical investment and openness have positive impact on economic growth, and resource abundant and government expenditure inversely related with economic growth, but human capital have a different impact in two sample of the paper; so that in first group of countries, human capital have a negative relationship with economic growth while it has a positive relation with economic growth in second group. It is concluded that human capital can be main factor to explain slow growth of resource-rich countries. Abundant of natural resource in this countries and bad usage of natural resource can be cause of negative relationship between human capital and economic growth. In other hands, countries that are rich in mineral and oil neglect the developing of their human resources by devoting inadequate attention and expenditure to education. So these countries have lower growth rate with respect to others.

직장인의 경제적 제약, 소명수행, 직무만족 간 관계: 적극적 성격과 사회적 자원의 조절된 매개효과 검증

안진아 한국상담학회 2020 상담학연구 Vol.21 No.5

The current study examined the mediating effect of living a calling(LC) in the relationship between economic constraints and job satisfaction, and to explore whether the relationship between economic constraints and LC was moderated by proactive personality and social resources. Additionally, this study investigated whether these variables had a controlled mediating effect in the relationship among the variables such as; economic constraint, living a calling and job satisfaction. Data were collected from a sample of 467 South Korean adult workers who have a full time job. In the results, first, the partial mediating effect of LC was confirmed as the economic constraint was found to negatively predict job satisfaction through low-level of LC. Second, the moderation effect of proactive personality was not significant in the relationship between economic constraint and LC, but social resources acted as a moderator on the economic constraints-LC relationship. Especially, the tendency to significantly decrease the LC was found as economic constraints increased in groups with low or moderate levels of social resources. Finally, the moderated mediation effect of social resources was significant in the path of economic constraints leading to job satisfaction through the LC. More specifically, the higher the level of social resources, the weaker the negative path leading to low job satisfaction through low economic constraints. Based on the results, implications of the study and suggestions for future research were discussed. 본 연구는 성인 직장인을 대상으로, 경제적 제약과 직무만족 간 관계 내 소명수행의 매개효과를 검증하고, 경제적 제약과 소명수행 간 관계를 적극적 성격과 사회적 자원이 조절하는지 검증하였다. 아울러, 경제적 제약, 소명수행, 직무만족 간 관계에서 이들 조절변인이 조절된 매개효과를 갖는지 검토하였다. 이를 위해, 전국 성인남녀 직장인 467명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 먼저 경제적 제약은 낮은 수준의 소명수행을 거쳐 직무만족을 부적으로 예측하는 것으로 나타나, 소명수행의 부분 매개효과가 지지되었다. 둘째, 경제적 제약과 소명수행 간 관계에서 적극적 성격의 조절효과는 유의하지 않았고, 사회적 자원은 유의한 조절효과를 나타냈다. 특히, 사회적 자원수준이 낮거나 중간인 집단에서, 경제적 제약이 높아질수록 소명수행은 유의하게 감소하는 경향성이 발견되었다. 마지막으로, 경제적 제약이 소명수행을 거쳐 직무만족에 이르는 경로에서, 사회적 자원의 조절된 매개효과는 유의하였다. 구체적으로, 사회적 자원수준이 높을수록, 경제적 제약이 낮은 소명수행을 거쳐 낮은 직무만족에 이르는 부적 경로가 약화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과들을 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.

Natural Resource Abundance, Human Capital and Economic Growth in the Petroleum Exporting Countries

DAVOOD BEHBUDI;SIAB MAMIPOUR;AZHDAR KARAMI 경제연구소 2010 Journal of Economic Development Vol.35 No.3

Growth literatures indicate that human capital, education and technology progress are effective factors on economic growth. Empirical studies present that natural resource abundance have an important role on economic growth in natural-resource-rich countries. This paper investigates the relationship natural resource abundance, human capital and economic growth in two groups of petroleum exporting countries: namely A) Major petroleum exporters B) Other petroleum exporters. The paper first, investigated the relationships between related variables by cross section method and then the proposed model is tested by panel data for the period 1970-2004. Findings showed that physical investment and openness have positive impact on economic growth, and resource abundant and government expenditure inversely related with economic growth, but human capital have a different impact in two sample of the paper; so that in first group of countries, human capital have a negative relationship with economic growth while it has a positive relation with economic growth in second group. It is concluded that human capital can be main factor to explain slow growth of resource-rich countries. Abundant of natural resource in this countries and bad usage of natural resource can be cause of negative relationship between human capital and economic growth. In other hands, countries that are rich in mineral and oil neglect the developing of their human resources by devoting inadequate attention and expenditure to education. So these countries have lower growth rate with respect to others.

지하수자원의 경제적 가치 평가 적용과 관련한 최근동향

Song, Sung-Ho,White, Paul,Zemansky, Gil 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.2

Total Economic Value (TEV) provides a framework to estimate the economic value of water resources including groundwater with multiple applications to natural resource economics and environmental economics. Crucial to the application of economic analysis to natural resources are techniques to value the resources as an economic value that is expressed in monetary terms. On the other hand, the aim of TEV estimation is to determine the economic value of water resources including 'use' with production and recreation and 'non-use' such as existence values. TEV is used to assess the economic value of water resources for the multiple goods, and environmental 'services' that are provided by a water resource and also used to assess options for water use, for example balancing production values provided by water resource use against the cost of resource degradation by that use. The value of TEV can be assessed over time where pollution or unsustainable use may reduce the economic value of an environmental asset. Therefore, values are used to assess options of resource use, sometimes leading to policies on resource conservation or allocation. In conclusion, the application of TEV would be well adjusted over Jeju Island where groundwater resources account for more than 98% water resources and the budget of water demand/supply shows disparity over the Island.

지하수자원의 경제적 가치 평가 적용과 관련한 최근동향

송성호,Paul White,Gil Zemansky 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.2

Total Economic Value (TEV) provides a framework to estimate the economic value of water resources including groundwater with multiple applications to natural resource economics and environmental economics. Crucial to the application of economic analysis to natural resources are techniques to value the resources as an economic value that is expressed in monetary terms. On the other hand, the aim of TEV estimation is to determine the economic value of water resources including ‘use’ with production and recreation and ‘non-use’ such as existence values. TEV is used to assess the economic value of water resources for the multiple goods, and environmental ‘services’ that are provided by a water resource and also used to assess options for water use, for example balancing production values provided by water resource use against the cost of resource degradation by that use. The value of TEV can be assessed over time where pollution or unsustainable use may reduce the economic value of an environmental asset. Therefore, values are used to assess options of resource use, sometimes leading to policies on resource conservation or allocation. In conclusion, the application of TEV would be well adjusted over Jeju Island where groundwater resources account for more than 98%water resources and the budget of water demand/supply shows disparity over the Island.

여성 베이비부머의 결혼기 자녀에 대한 자원이전 인식

홍성희 한국가족자원경영학회 2019 가족자원경영과 정책 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the resource transfer process from female baby boomers to their children who have gotten married or plan on getting married. The following research questions were explored. (1)To what extent have female baby boomers been transferring their resources to their children supporting marriage or vice versa? (2)What are the opinions of female baby boomers on future resource transfer plans to their children? (3)What are the opinions of female baby boomers on supporting themselves in their old age, and those of their children on supporting their aging parents? In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 female baby boomers who were born between 1955 to 1963. A case study research method was used to analyze the interview results. The findings were as follows. First, economic resource was the most common type of resources that the interviewees transferred to their children. Those who could not transfer their economic resources instead transferred their instrumental resources. Second, it was anticipated that the current trend of intervieweesʼ resource transfers would be similar in the future. In other words, those who used to transfer a large amount of economic resources to their children showed their willingness to do the same in the future. Third, the interviewees did not expect support from their children, but rather were trying to prepare for their old age by themselves. Based on the overall results, the female baby boomersʼ transferring economic resources to their children implied that they took responsibility for their children. This appears to stem more from to altruistic motivation than reciprocal motivation. Moreover, it can be cautiously concluded that female baby boomers have different perspectives on the transfer of their resources from maleʼs since the interviewees had different opinions on it from their husbandsʼ.

투르크메니스탄 경제발전 모델의 북한 적용 가능성 연구

성동기,이우태 한국동북아학회 2020 한국동북아논총 Vol.25 No.1

Basically, North Korea wants an economic model that can achieve economic growth while maintaining an one-man and one-party dictatorship. North Korea issued the “July 1st Economic Management Improvement Measures” in 2002, and since then, China and Vietnam have been mentioned as a new economic model for North Korea. Both countries were evaluated for achieving economic growth while maintaining communist dictatorship. But the two countries differed from North Korea in changing the economic system. The two countries wanted to stabilize the Communist Party dictatorship and have created an environment that can protect their political system from an open capitalist system for a long time. Above all, the two countries established an open capitalist system by improving relations with the United States. For this reason, it was estimated that the economic models of both countries would not be applicable to North Korea. Therefore, a new economic model was needed to fit the situation in North Korea. Turkmenistan is a country that maintains an one-man and one-party dictatorship and achieves economic growth. Turkmenistan has achieved economic growth by developing its own natural gas and in 2015, the per capita income was $ 16,500. This is almost ten times the size of North Korea. Basically, Turkmenistan's economic system is similar to that of North Korea. Turkmenistan has an economic model for developing energy sources to achieve economic growth. North Korea also has abundant mineral resources. Therefore, the Turkmenistan economic model is more likely to be applied to North Korea. However, as we know, North Korea can achieve Turkmenistan-style economic growth only if North Korea resolves denuclearization, improves relations with the United States, and lifts economic sanctions from the international community. 기본적으로 북한은 1인 1당 독재체제를 유지하면서 동시에 경제성장을 달성할 수 있는 경제모델을 원하고 있다. 2002년 북한의 ‘7.1 경제관리개선조치(7.1조치)’ 발표 이후 북한에 적용 가능할 모델로 중국과 베트남이 거론되었다. 그러나 양국은 공산당 1당의 안정에 중점을 두고 있으며, 장기간에 걸쳐서 개방형 자본주의체제로부터 자국의정치체제를 안정시킬 수 있는 환경을 만들었으며, 무엇보다 미국과의 관계 개선을 통해서 개방형 자본주의체제를 구축했기 때문에 북한이 양국의 경제모델을 도입하는데 어려움이 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 북한의 상황에 적합한 새로운 경제모델을 모색해야 하는데 그것이 투르크메니스탄이다. 투르크메니스탄은 북한처럼 강력한 1인 1당 독재체제를 구축하고 안정화를 이루었으며, 자국의 풍부한 천연가스 개발을 통해서 2015년에는 북한의 거의 10배에달하는 16,500$의 1인당 국민소득을 달성하였다. 투르크메니스탄 경제발전 모델은 국가주도의 폐쇄적인 계획경제에기반을 두고 있는데, 이것은 북한의 6.28방침에 해당하는 ‘공산당 지배+계획과 시장의 공존+생산수단의 국가소유’ 와 유사한 모델이다. 게다가 투르크메니스탄은 천연가스를 중심으로 하는 지하자원개발형 경제모델로 경제성장을 이루었는데 북한 역시 다양하고 풍부한 광물자원을 보유하고 있기 때문에 투르크메니스탄 경제모델이 적용될 가능성은 더욱 높다고 판단된다. 그러나 주지하는 바와 같이 북한이 비핵화와 미국과의 관계 개선을 해결하고 국제사회로부터 받은 경제제재를 해제시켜야만 투르크메니스탄 방식의 경제성장을 달성할 수 있다.

DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL AND HERITAGE RESOURCES IN KAMPONG RAJA, BESUT, TERENGGANU IN PROMOTING THE LOCAL ECONOMY

ROHAIZAH ABD,LATIF 세계문화관광학회 2009 Conference Proceedings Vol.10 No.0

The purpose of the study is to determine whether culture and heritage tourism is a viable economic factor that could improve the living standards of the local communities in Kampong Raja, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia. Besut is a town in state of Terengganu which is located in the East Coast of Malaysia. The project can be used as a means to upgrade the standard of living and quality of life of the community. The WTO(2001) defines culture as: "Other people lifestyles expressed through their religion; festival; costumes; arts and craft; architecture; music and dance; folklore; and literature. Culture is manifested in both the living and dynamic aspects of a people's everyday life as well as in built heritage i.e. monuments and sites. Cultural Tourism is a types or a segment of tourism in which the basic motives for traveling is observing a certain cultural event or cultural value. This important market segment primarily includes cultural monuments and cultural manifestation. Some authors speak of inheritance tourism, historic tourism and art tourism. (Panic- Combo 2000: 175). The cultural resources become tourist attractive through the process of interpretation which includes selection and forming (packaging) (Pancic-Kombol 2000 : 178) The main objectives of the research are: · To identify the potential cultural resources in the area · To sustain and develop the cultural resources and heritage sites in the area. · To promote the local cultural resources for economic development of domestic and foreign tourist. · To study the potential of cultural resources product for future tourism development in the area. The result of this research enables the local and state government to develop the cultural tourism product for domestic and international attraction. Hence through this development of cultural attraction it will also increase the income and upgrade the social life of the local community and the state government. Primary data were collected via observations and interviews through checklists on the following resources - Natural Resources, Cultural Resources, Community Resources, Site Resources, Environment assessment, Tourism Services and Facilities Resources.

국가인적자원개발의 전개맥락

나일주(Rha Ilju),변현정(BYUN Hyunjung) 한국방송통신대학교 미래원격교육연구원 2007 평생학습사회 Vol.3 No.2

In knowledge society where creation of knowledge is regarded as the core of nation's wealth and competitiveness, the governments around the world have started to use the term 'human resources' in their ministries or departments as a part of making an efforts to develop human resources. Although many nations share the word 'human resources,' the way of interpretation or application of it is diverse depending on their situations. The government in Korea has shown the interest on human resources development in national level, by promoting the Minister of Education to the Deputy Minister of Education and Human Resources, and by the President taking the seat of the head in Committee for National Human Resources. Although innovative efforts for national human resources development have been found since 2000, it is difficult to say that this efforts recently begun. Korea achieved dramatic economic growth for last 50 years. The reason of this growth was found in education for developing human resources. In this context, this study is to investigate conceptually the social context of implementing process in National Human Resources Development(NHRD). This study consists of four parts: the theoretical backgrounds, policy development process of NHRD, institutional development process of NHRD, and future directions for NHRD. The research method is focused on documents and literature review. The main points of each part are as follows. First, human capital theory, education and economic development, performance technology, and competency theory were reviewed. Three theories, except education and economic development, were originally used to explain human resources development in personal or corporate level. However, all four theories were expanded to interpret human resources development from personal or corporate level to the national level. Second, the National Human Resources Development in Korea was supported by educational policy to supply labors to meet the industrial needs for last 50 years. As the national industry was developed from labor oriented light industry, capital intensive heavy industry, technology intensive high tech industry to knowledge based industry, educational policies were also changed from literacy education, skill or technology focused education, the quantitative growth of higher education to qualitative higher education accordingly. Third, NHRD became the important issue in Korea and the institutional development in NHRD has got down to business since 2000. The human resources law and polices were established, the special committee was organized and the president became the head of the committee. Finally, the future directions for NHRD were suggested considering the needs of the present and future times. Firtst, NHRD policies should focus on developing human resources fitting for global standards. Second, the investment in research organizations or higher education institutions need to be considered. Third, the government need to minimize the intervention and to focus on marketization.