승낙해부제도(承諾解剖制度)

박의우 대한법의학회 2011 대한법의학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Medicolegal autopsy is divided into judicial autopsy and administrative autopsy in Korea and Japan. Recently a new concept of "consented autopsy" has been developed in Japan. Consented autopsy is a kind of administrative autopsy which performed by informed consent of the bereaved of the dead. In Japan, all medicolegal autopsies are strictly divided into judicial autopsy and administrative autopsy. The latter is called to consented autopsy in the most prefectures of Japan except the five cities that have Japanese medical examiner system. Consented autopsy is a procedure that enhances people's recognition of legal medicine in the society and universities. Author introduce the peculiar procedures of consented autopsy in the Department of Legal Medicine, Kitasato University and Kyushu University in Japan. We can expect that the universities and other organs in Korea will establish our own methods of medicolegal activities in the future referring to the Japan's consented autopsy system.

군 사망사건에서 사자(死者)의 부검과 생명윤리

이대일 ( Lee Dae-il ) 연세법학회 2023 연세법학 Vol.41 No.-

The purpose of this study is to prevent the rights of the deceased and the bereaved families in the military from being infringed. Unlike in the past, military investigative agencies do not cover up deaths. Military investigative agencies are investigating more precisely based on a wide range of personnel and organizations. Military investigative agencies sometimes ask the bereaved families to agree to an autopsy even if an autopsy is not necessary to prevent questions from occurring about the death in advance. However, despite the fact that the cause of death has already been clearly identified as suicide through a post-mortem examination, it is not reasonable to continue to persuade the bereaved families by saying that the investigation agency will arbitrarily find the truth. If the subjectivity of rights can be recognized by the deceased, it can be seen as a violation of the rights to the freedom of the body guaranteed by the constitution. As seen in the recent death in Itaewon, the bereaved families who lost their loved ones fall into great sadness. Watching the moment of the bereaved families who actually experienced sudden suicide, it is difficult to have any conversation with the bereaved families, and the bereaved families often cannot judge rationally. Prior to the autopsy, a post-mortem examination is conducted to examine the exterior only with the eyes, and the bereaved family can also be present in this process. The bereaved family, who identified the body of the deceased during the coroner's admission, weeps even more. After the post-mortem examination, it is necessary to decide whether to do an autopsy, but it is questionable who can decide whether to do the autopsy. As seen in the recent death in Itaewon, the bereaved families who lost their loved ones fall into great sadness. Watching the moment of the bereaved families who actually experienced sudden suicide, it is difficult to have any conversation with the bereaved families, and the bereaved families often cannot judge rationally. Prior to the autopsy, a post-mortem examination is conducted to examine the exterior only with the eyes, and the bereaved family can also be present in this process. The bereaved family, who identified the body of the deceased during the coroner's admission, weeps even more. After the post-mortem examination, it is necessary to decide whether to do an autopsy, but it is questionable who can decide whether to do the autopsy. In order for an investigative agency to conduct an autopsy, it must correspond to a “critical management case” or a “autopsy consideration case.” The case in which the investigative agency needs to obtain consent from the bereaved families is that neither the “critical management case” nor the “autopsy consideration case” is applicable. In this case, the only way for the investigative agency to conduct an autopsy should correspond to the “death of the bereaved family raising suspicions about the cause of death” in the “autopsy consideration case”. In other words, it is not reasonable to conduct an autopsy even though the cause of death has already been clearly identified as suicide through a post-mortem examination and does not fall under either “critical management” or “autopsy considerations.”

대학병원 직원들의 부검에 대한 인식도

이호범,곽정식,Lee, Ho-Beom,Kwak, Jyung-Sik 대한수사과학회 2007 대한수사과학회지 Vol.2 No.2

부검은 검안만으로 사인 또는 사망의 종류를 확인할 수 없는 경우 시체를 해부하여 이를 확인하는 검시(檢屍)방법이다. 본 연구자는 대학병원 직원들의 부검에 대한 인식도를 알아보기 위해 설문지를 이용하여 2007년 4월 2일부터 5월 4일까지 1개월간 대구광역시 영남대학교의료원의 직원들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 전체 286 명 중 남자가 121 명(42.3%), 여자가 165 명(57.7%)이었으며, 의사 57 명(19.9%), 간호사 71 명(24.8%), 의료기술직 83 명(29.0%), 행정사무직 58 명(20.3%), 기타 직종 17 명(5.9%)이었다.대상자들의 설문조사를 살펴보면 부검에 대한 교육정도에서 의사는 2회 이상이 61.4%인데, 간호사는 1.4%, 의료기술직은 15.7%, 행정사무직은 1.7%, 기타 직종은 5.9%로 의사들에 비해 교육정도가 많이 부족하였다. 본인이나 가족이 갑자기 쓰러져 사망했을 때 부검을 의뢰하겠는가라는 질문에 의사는 의뢰한다가 59.6%로 높았으나, 간호사는 22.5%, 의료기술직은 39.8%, 행정사무직은 41.4%, 기타 직종은 35.3%로 낮게 나타났다. 직장 동료가 근무 중 갑자기 쓰러져 사망한 경우 부검을 해야 한다고 생각하는가라는 질문에서도 의사는 그렇다가 66.7%로 높았으나, 간호사는 33.8%, 의료기술직은 39.8%, 행정사무직은 43.1%, 기타 직종은 17.6%로 낮게 나타났다. 병원내 환자가 병사했을 때 부검을 해야 한다고 생각하는가라는 질문에서도 의사는 그렇다가 50.9%, 간호사는 8.5%, 의료기술직은 19.3%, 행정사무직은 24.1%, 기타 직종은 17.6%로 낮게 나타났다. 부검은 어떤 곳에서 해야 하는가라는 질문에 의사는 의과대학 법의학교실이 73.7%로 가장 높았고, 다른 직종에서는 국립과학수사연구소가 가장 높게 나타났는데, 간호사는 62.0% 의료기술직은 59.0%, 행정사무직은 46.6%, 기타 직종은 58.8%이었다. 부검의 주체는 모든 직종에서 대부분의 대상자들이 전문 법의병리의사가 되어야 한다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났는데, 의사는 98.2%, 간호사는 94.4%, 의료 기술직은 96.4%, 행정사무직은 89.7%, 기타 직종은 88.2%이었다. 평소 부검의 필요성은 의사는 73.7%, 간호사는 23.9%, 의료기술직은 47.0%, 행정사무직은 34.5%, 기타 직종은 23.5%로 의사들이 평소 부검의 필요성을 많이 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 사후 본인의 사체를 의과대학이나 연구기관 등에 기증할 용의가 있는가라는 질문에 의사는 22.8%, 간호사는 11.3%, 의료기술직은 24.1%, 행정사무직은 22.4%, 기타 직종은 23.5%만이 있다라고 답했다. 대상자들의 설문조사를 분석한 결과, 의사들에 비해 다른 직종의 대상자들이 부검에 대한 교육정도나 거부감이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 부검에 대한 부정적 의식의 개선을 위해 전문 인력의 양성과 관련 법률을 정비하여 우리나라 실정에 맞는 올바른 검시제도의 정착과 국민들에 대한 체계적인 법의학교육에 힘써야 할 것이다. An autopsy is a postmortem assessment or examination of a body to determine cause of death or manner of death. The author had surveyed Personnel's perception toward conducting an autopsy in general hospital with autopsy at YeungNam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea from April, to May, 2007. The total number of 286 personnel consisted of 121 men(42.3%), 165 women(57.7%). There were 57 doctors(19.9%), 71 nurses(24.8%), 83 medical technicians (29.0%), 58 office workers(20.3%), and 17 others(5.9%). 61.4% of doctors had an experience of education for autopsy more than 2 times, but nurses(1.4%), medical technicians(15.7%), office workers(1.7%), and others(5.9%) had little experience. Response of conducting an autopsy for sudden death of respondent or respondent's family member was 59.6% of doctors, 22.5% of nurses, 39.8% of medical technicians, 41.4% of office workers, and 35.3% of others. Response of conducting an autopsy for sudden death of respondent's companion was 66.7% of doctors, 33.8% of nurses, 39.8% of medical technicians, 43.1% of office workers, and 17.6% of others. Response of conducting an autopsy for sudden death of patients in general hospital was 50.9% of doctors, 8.5% of nurses, 19.3% of medical technicians, 24.1% of office workers, and 17.6% of others. Survey about a proper institution for autopsy showed 73.7% of doctors for department of forensic medicine in medical school, and 62.0% of nurses, 59.0% of medical technicians, 46.6% of office workers, and 58.8% of others for National Institute of Scientific Investigation. Most of the respondents agreed with the forensic pathologist as the director of autopsy:98.2% of doctors, 94.4% of nurses, 96.4% of medical technicians, 89.7% of office workers, and 88.2% of others. Survey for necessity for autopsy showed responsiveness of doctors, 23.9% of nurses, 47.0% of medical technicians, 34.5% of office workers, and 23.5% of others. Survey for donation of him- or herself after death to the medical school or institution for the death investigation revealed responsiveness of 22.8% of doctors, 11.3% of nurses, 24.1% of medical technicians, 22.4% of office workers, and 23.5% of others. The result of the survey questionnaire showed more negative awareness for autopsy in nurses, medical technicians, office workers, others and than doctors. To improve the negative awareness for autopsy and settle proper postmortem inspection system, education of professional manpower for forensic medicine and inaction of law which is adequate for the actual circumstance of Korea should be considered.

간호학생의 부검에 대한 태도

오송이,이성희 경북대학교 간호혁신연구소 2011 경북간호과학지 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide nursing students with basic materials in order to promote their positive attitudes toward autopsy by extending opportunities to attend autopsy. To do this, attitudes of nursing students toward autopsy were investigated and then any differences in attitudes of nursing students toward autopsy according to whether or not to have attended autopsy were examined. Method: A survey was conducted targeting 433 nursing students from C Nursing College in G city which didn’t have a course for attending autopsy and autopsy practice, and also from K Nursing College in D city which had a course for attending autopsy and autopsy practice in their curriculum. The data was processed using the statistical program, SPSS for windows ver. 17.0. Results: Attitudes of nursing students toward autopsy were positive, and there were no differences in the total scores of attitudes according to whether or not to have attended autopsy. However, there were significant differences in the scores of detailed items concerning autopsy according to whether or not to have attended autopsy. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the course for attending autopsy and autopsy practice among the curricula of the science of nursing had an impact on the course of establishing positive attitudes of nursing students toward autopsy.

宋代 殺傷 사건 판례를 통해 본 ‘檢驗’의 실제

최해별(Choi Hae byoul) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2016 역사문화연구 Vol.58 No.-

宋代는 殺傷 사건의 수사와 판결 과정에서 ‘檢驗(검시)’가 중요해진 시기이다. 北宋 중기부터 검험 관련 법률 규정이 정비되기 시작했고 검험의 절차가 제도적으로 완비되었다. 본 논문은 송대 발전하고 있었던 검험 제도가 실제 사법 현장에서는 어떻게 실천되고 또 검험의 결과가 판결의 근거로서 어떻게 활용되며 아울러 어떠한 한계를 가지고 있었는지 고찰함으로써 송대 사법 현장에서의 검험의 효력을 살펴보았다. 송대 검험에 관한 기존의 연구는 주로 법률의 규정과 제도의 정비 및 검험 관련 지식의 정리에 대한 것이었다. 이에 본 연구는 실제 판례를 통해 송대 살상 사건이 발생한 실제 사법 현장에서 검험이 어떻게 이루어지고 또 검험 결과가 어떻게 판결에 영향을 미쳤는지 고찰하였다. 법률 규정이나 조칙 등에서 확인되는 검험 절차는 여러 판례들을 통해 그 실제를 확인할 수 있었다. 무엇보다도, 판례를 통해 새롭게 알게 된 것은 검험 전 단계에서 검험관원에 의해 이루어지는 ‘體究’ 단계에 대한 구체적 확인이 이루어졌고, 3차 이상의 검험을 ‘聚檢’이라 부른다는 것이 확인되었다. 아울러 실제 판례 중에는 수사에 의심이 날 경우 네 차례까지 검험을 진행한 경우가 적지 않았음을 확인할 수 있었다. 실제로 여러 살상 사건 판례를 살펴본 결과 검험관이 확정한 死因은 최종 판결의 근거로 상당한 효력을 가졌다. 검험 결과는 판관이 ‘거짓 고소(妄訴)’를 분별하고 ‘무고(誣告)’를 판단하여 억울한 죽음이 없도록 하는, 그야말로 당시 지방관들이 목적한 ‘洗冤’의 주된 역할을 하였다. 무엇보다도 ‘검험’이 언급된 살상 사건관련 판례 중 대부분의 것이 ‘誣告’ 사건 판결과 관계되었다는 사실은 당시 검험 결과가 무고 사건 판별에 그만큼 유용하게 쓰였다는 것을 증명해준다. 그러나 검험 결과가 최종 판결에 영향을 미칠 때는 대체로 관련자들의 진술과 함께 어우러져 판결을 도출하는 데 활용되었다. 즉 검험결과는 관련자들의 증언과 자백 등의 요소와 상호 보조적 관계 속에서 근거로 활용되었던 것이다. 아울러 당시 법관들은 검험 과정에서 종종 나타나는 검험 관원 또는 서리들의 부정행위를 단속해야만 했다. 송대 지방관들은 실제 재판을 하는 과정에서 검험 결과를 판결 근거로 직접 활용했다는 점에서 송대 검험 문화의 정착에 큰 역할을 하였다. 그들의 노력이 제도의 정비 또는 지식의 축적에만 국한되지 않고 실제 사법 현장에서 검험결과를 재판 근거로 적극 활용하였다는 것은 그 유용함이 실제 백성들의 삶에 직접 영향을 주었을 것이기에 그 의미가 더욱 깊다. In the Song Dynasty, the autopsy emerged as an important part of investigation and ruling procedures. During the mid-Northern Song, autopsy regulations began improving and its procedures were finalized. This study examines the effect of autopsies on judicial practice in the Song Dynasty by considering how the procedures of the autopsy was practiced in the real court system, how autopsy results were used as grounds for ruling, and what limitations it had. Previous studies on autopsies during the Song Dynasty have focused on modifications in legal regulations and institutions and the organization of autopsy-related knowledge. However, this study explores the autopsy procedures in homicide cases in the judicial practices of the Song Dynasty and the impact of autopsy results on rulings. The use of autopsy procedures documented in legal regulations and imperial edicts has been discovered in many precedents. The study of precedents has newly discovered that many of pre-autopsy examination, Tijiu(體究), which was conducted by autopsy officials and that a procedure involving more than three rounds of autopsies was called Qujian(聚檢). The examination of precedents revealed that it was common to conduct up to four rounds of autopsies in cases in which doubts were raised regarding the investigation process. The analysis of various homicide precedents indicated that the cause of death being confirmed by autopsy officials proved significantly effective as grounds for the final ruling. Particularly, autopsy results played a major role in providing judgments on false accusations. Most homicide precedents in which the word “autopsy” was directly mentioned were related to judgments of false accusations; this shows that autopsy results were useful in discerning between false accusations or not. However, in most cases in which an autopsy influenced the final ruling, both the testimony of the people concerned and the autopsy results were considered to reach a verdict. Autopsy results played a supportive role, in addition to testimony and confession, in rendering a verdict. Furthermore, judges at the time also had to crack down on the occasional misconduct of autopsy officials or other low-level officials. In conclusion, the fact that judicial officials of the Song based their verdicts partly on autopsy results clearly shows that they played a significant role in establishing the autopsy practice in the Song Dynasty. Their efforts were not limited to institutional improvement or knowledge accumulation, but also focused on the utilization of autopsy results to reach judgments in actual legal cases. Thus, it is significant that autopsies had a direct influence on the actual lives of the people.

심리부검 연구의 변화양상과 형사정책적 함의

이미정,Lee Mi-Jeong 한국범죄심리학회 2015 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 1950년대부터 실시된 심리부검 연구의 변화양상과 최근 국내 심리부검 연구의 특징을 분석하고, 그러한 심리부검 연구경향을 통해 형사정책적 함의를 도출하고자 하는데 목적을 두었다. 1950~1970년대의 초기 심리부검 연구에서는 의문사 규명을 위한 법의학적 조사방법의 개발과 자살사망자에 대한 임상적 정보가 축적되었고, 1980~2010년대 초 최근 연구에서는 자살사건의 포괄적 조사를 위한 사회적 부검이 시도되고 심리부검의 활용영역이 점차 확대되고 있다. 현재까지 국내에서 수행된 심리부검 연구의 현황 및 특징을 살펴보면, 1) 2012년 이후 양적·질적 수준의 향상, 2) 조사도구의 비표준화, 3) 경찰협조를 통한 사례발굴 및 정보수집, 4) 심리부검 연구자 및 면담자의 전공과 경력의 다양화로 요약된다. 이와 같은 심리부검 연구경향 및 특징을 통해 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 형사정책적 함의를 제시하였다. 1) 자살 및 타살사건의 법의학적 조사 및 사전예방에 심리부검을 활용할 수 있고, 2) 경찰과 정신보건센터간의 협력체계 구축을 통해 자살사건 심리부검의 사례발굴 및 사후예방을 실시할 수 있으며, 3) 사망사건에 대한 심리부검 관련업무 담당경찰관들에 대한 심리부검 교육훈련을 강화할 수 있을 것이다. In this study, psychological autopsy studies at home and abroad explore the changing patterns and there are primarily aimed to analyze the characteristics of national Psychological autopsy studies. In addition, such psychological autopsy study to propose whether any implications in terms of future policy placed a minor criminal purposes. In the beginning of psychological autopsy studies, it was initially developed for forensic investigation methods for identifying interrogatives were accumulating clinical information on suicide deaths. In recent years, social autopsy had appeared for a comprehensive investigation of the suicides. The current situation and characteristics of national Psychological autopsy studies are as follows. First, a psychological autopsy was performed in Korea for about five years only 19 cases, 10 cases of empirical studies are becoming diverse in Materials and Methods side, yearly quantitative and qualitative showed that even improves slightly. Second, the domestic psychological autopsy studies have utilized a survey tool developed based on psychiatry in the Department of Health and Human Services was most recently utilized, depending on the study researchers conducted a standardized survey tool yet. Third, a number of national Psychological autopsy studies showed that the psychological autopsy case finding and gathering information on suicide by police cooperation. Fourth, a number of national Psychological autopsy studies, but studies have been made in the field of forensic science, recent psychological autopsy interviews parties and major background and experience of the researchers appeared to have been configured in various ways. As this study has policy implications through a psychological autopsy studies detective , 1) use of psychological autopsies for forensic investigation and prevention of suicide and homicide, 2) cooperation between the police and mental health centers for suicide psychological autopsy, 3) proposed strengthening training for the officer to execute death of psychological autopsy.

심리적 부검의 개념과 그 소송상 활용에 대한 기초적 고찰

황태윤 전북대학교 동북아법연구소 2016 동북아법연구 Vol.10 No.1

심리적 부검에 대한 논의는 오래 된 것이지만, 우리나라에서는 비교적 최근에 들어 자살률의 급속한 증가속도와 함께 관심도가 높아졌다. 심리적 부검은 자살자의 정신에 대한 부검이 아니라 자살자의 생전 기록과 지인들에 대한 심층면담을 뜻하는 것이다. 심리적 부검은 자살자가 자살에 이른 원인이 무엇인가를 자살자의 사망 당시 여러 행적을 추적하여 알아내는 작업이다. 그 작업은 여러 목적으로 사용되는 것이지만, 소송에서는 증거방법의 하나로 이용되는 것이다. 서울고등법원 2013. 12. 19. 2012누27505 판결은 국내에서 처음으로 ‘심리적 부검’을 활용하여 업무상 스트레스와 우울장애 등에 따른 근로자의 자살을 공무상 질병(업무상 재해)로 인정하였다는데 의미가 있다. 근로복지공단의 정신질병 업무관련성 조사지침은 심리적 부검과 같은 목적을 가지고 있고, 그 조사방식 역시 거의 같은 방법으로 진행된다. 그러나 이는 소송당사자인 근로복지공단의 소속 직원이 수행하는 일반적인 증거수집에 해당하는 것이고, 법원이 소송과정에서 실시하는 심리적 부검은 전문가에 의한 감정절차라는 점에서 완전히 다른 것이다. 법원이 실시하는 심리적 부검은 감정의 하나이고, 이는 근로복지공단이 제출하는 서증이 아니라 인증에 해당한다. 자살로 사망한 사람과 관련이 있는 사람들은 되도록 자살자의 금전적 보상을 위하여 자신이 알고 있는 정보를 객관적으로 진술하지 않고 자살자에게 유리하게 왜곡할 가능성이 있다. 이러한 위험은 근로복지공단의 정신질병 업무관련성 조사과정에서 수집된 진술과 심리적 부검 결과에서 수집된 진술과의 차이점을 면밀히 비교하여 사안의 진실에 탐지하여야 할 것이다. 이는 전형적인 민사사건의 취급과는 달라야 하며 진실발견을 위한 법원에 의한 직권조사 또는 직권탐지가 요구되는 지점이라고 볼 수 있다. 심리적 부검은 해당 전문가를 통한 포괄적이면서도 심층적인 자료수집 과정을 거친다는 점에서 주위 사람들의 법정증언에 의한 경우보다 상대적으로 왜곡이 적고 풍부한 자료를 법관에게 제공할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 해당 분야의 전문가인 감정인의 최종 의견도 중요하지만, ‘심리적 부검’의 중요성은 사실상 감정인이 법관을 대신하여 자살자가 남긴 생전기록 확인과 주위 사람의 인터뷰를 심층적으로 수행하는 과정에 있다고 보아야 한다. 근로자의 보호를 위해 업무와 재해 사이의 상당인과관계에 대한 입증책임이 사용자에 있다고 보아야 한다는 주장이 제기되기도 하나 소송실무에서 중요한 것은 보다 많은 판단자료를 법관에게 제공하는 것이다. 법원은 관련 사건에서 당사자의 신청 또는 직권으로 ‘심리적 부검’을 실시하는 방안을 고려할 필요가 여기에 있는 것이다. 이미 한쪽으로 심하게 기울어진 증인에 대한 기계적인 신문이나 편향된 당사자의 조사자료에서 벗어나 사안의 진실에 다가갈 수 있는 길을 심리적 부검이 제시할 수 있는 것이다. 심리적 부검은 교통사고 사건에서의 신체감정이나 건축물의 하자감정과 분명 달리 취급되어야 한다. 심리적 부검의 경우 감정인의 결론에 좌우될 필요가 없다. 심리적 부검은 감정절차를 통해 자료를 수집하는 것에 주된 의미를 두어야 한다. 심리적 부검의 소송상활용은 심리적 부검의 조사절차가 전문가에 의해 수행되는 것일 뿐이고, 법관은 감정을 담당한 전문가의 결론이 아니라 전문가가 수집한 자료에 근거에 독자적으로 판단하는 것을 의미하여야 한다. 소송에서의 판단은 규범적 판단이고, 규범적 판단의 전문가는 법관이기 때문이다. 법관은 감정인이 ‘심리적 부검’을 실시하면서 드러난 제반 사정을 감정인과는 별도의 독립된 입장에서 법관 스스로 자유심증주의에 의거해 규범적으로 판단하여야 한다. Although discussion of the psychological autopsy has been long, attention to it in Korea begins to rise relatively recently with the rapid increase in the rate of suicide. An autopsy is for the body of the dead, and there cannot be autopsies of the dead's mind. The psychological autopsy does not mean the autopsy of a suicide's mind but the in-depth interview of his/her acquaintances and documents the suicide left. The psychological autopsy is to find out causes of suicide by tracing suicides' whereabouts when they committed suicide. The work is used for many purposes, and in litigation it is used as a method of proof. A ruling of 2013. 12. 19. 2012NU27505 by the Seoul High Court is significant, for it approved a worker's suicide caused by the stress and depressive disorder from his duty as the occupational disease (accident on duty) using the 'psychological autopsy', first in the country. Korea Labor Welfare Corporation(KLWC)'s guidelines for the investigation into the duty-related mental diseases has the same purpose as the psychological autopsy, and its way of investigation is also conducted in the almost same way. However, this is the general collection of evidence conducted by the staff of KLWC, who is the party to a lawsuit; the psychological autopsy conducted by the court in the process of litigation is totally different, for it is the appraisal process by an expert. The psychological autopsy by the court is one of appraisals, which is the authorization, not the documentary evidence submitted by KLWC. People involved in the person who committed suicide have a possibility to distort the information they know, favorably for the suicide for the monetary reward, instead of testifying it objectively. This risk should be detected to find out the truth of the case, by closely comparing differences between testimonies collected through the process of investigation into the duty-related mental diseases of KLWC and testimonies through the psychological autopsy. This should be different from dealing with typical civil cases, and it can be a point that ex officio investigation or authority detection by the court is demanded to discover the truth. The psychological autopsy has an advantage of providing a judge with relatively less distorted data than testimonies of people around the suicide and more abundant information, for it goes through the comprehensive and in-depth process of collecting data through relevant experts. The final opinion of the appraiser, expert on the field, is important, but what is more important in the 'psychological autopsy' must be the process that the appraiser identifies records the suicide left and interviews people around the suicide in-depth in place of the judge. Although there is a proposed argument that the burden of proof of the proximate causal relation between the duty and disaster must be on a user to protect workers, but what is important in the practical procedure is to provide the judge with more data to make a judgement. This is the very necessity that the court has to consider the 'psychological autopsy' by the litigant's application or by authority in the case. The psychological autopsy can suggest a way of approaching the truth of the case, getting out of the mechanical interrogation on a witness, who is already severely biased to one party, or the biased investigation data of litigants. The psychological autopsy must be dealt differently from the appraisal of bodies in traffic accidents or of building defects. As for the psychological autopsy, it is not necessary to be controlled by the conclusion of the appraiser. The psychological autopsy must have a meaning in collecting data through the appraisal procedure. The utilization in litigation of the psychological autopsy must mean that the investigation procedure of the psychological autopsy is carried out by an expert and a judge makes an independent judgement not based on the conclusion of the expert who was in charge of the appraisal but data collected by the expert. It is because the judgement on the case is the normative judgement and the expert of the normative judgement is the judge. Judges should make a normative judgement on all the matters exposed in the process of the 'psychological autopsy', based on the principle of free evaluation of evidence, from the independent stance different from the appraiser.

동아시아 전통 “檢驗(검험)” 지식의 계보: 檢驗(검험) 서적의 편찬,전파,변용을 중심으로

최해별 ( Hae Byoul Choi ) 이화사학연구소 2015 梨花史學硏究 Vol.0 No.50

The production of knowledge regarding the practice of autopsy had been shared in each region of East Asia and had been developed through a process of transmission and transformation before western concept and knowledge of “forensic science” came in. Especially, Xiyuanjilu(洗寃集錄), published by Songci in the Southern Song period and Wuyuanlu(無寃錄), published by Wangyu based on Xiyuanjilu in Yuan period had formed largely two types of knowledge on the practice of autopsy. And these two traditions had been handed down to Ming, Qing, Joseon and Japan respectively and widely utilized. Their results include Xinzhuwuyuanlu(新註無寃錄) of the early Joseon, Lvliguanjiaozhengxiyuanlu(律例館校正洗寃錄) of Qing, Zengxiuwuyuanludaquan (增修無寃錄大全) of the late Joseon, and Wuyuanlushu(無寃錄述) which was translated into Japanese in the 18th century. In conclusion, in the East Asian context, the traditional knowledge on the practice of autopsy had been produced through Xiyuanjilu and Wuyuanlu respectively. And they had been selectively adapted by each region, and it demonstrates that the knowledge on the practice of autopsy had embarked on its own genealogical trajectory that was beyond its original tradition. For example, Wuyuanlu, due to its emphasis on legal institutions, was especially welcomed in both Yuan when administrative documentation was developed and Joseon when system of autopsy was set up. However, since then, as a wide range of attention had been paid to the texts of autopsy per se in understanding the role that these autopsy related books play in the practice of autopsy. In this regard, Xiyuanjilu which led to publish Jiaozhengxiyuanlu, was welcomed in the late Joseon when Zengxiuwuyuanludaquan was published. In Japan, it could be found that the limit of Wuyuanlu was overcome by eliminating a section relating to “criminal law.” Xiyuanjilu had become more influential than Wuyuanlu, and it can be interpreted as a process that shows Wuyuanlu had withered due to its emphasis on the specific laws and systems bounded in a particular time and space.

법의부검 의뢰 문서 목록화를 위한 연구: 법의부검 의뢰 문서에 대한 정량적 분석

박지혜,나주영,이보영,송송희 대한법의학회 2018 대한법의학회지 Vol.42 No.2

In the Republic of Korea, relevant documents are submitted to forensic doctors or agencies when courts grant confiscation warrants for autopsy. If the essential data on unusual death are not submitted at the time of the autopsy, it may be difficult to properly understand the situation relating to an unusual death prior to the autopsy, thus reducing the accuracy of the autopsy. As many as 6,133 out of 6,610 autopsy data (92.8%) in the Republic of Korea in 2015 were analyzed. Most autopsy appraisal requests (99.8%) were submitted. Unusual death occurrence reports (86.0%) and command recommendations of unusual death (70.3%) were submitted in many cases. However, prosecutor commands on unusual death were submitted only in 27.8% cases, and confiscation warrants were not submitted in 7.4% cases. As for postmortem inspection and death scene investigation reports, 29.3% and 34.1% cases were submitted, respectively. In addition to the above two documents, death certificates and records of statement of a relative had significant regional variations (0.3%- 80.1%, 3.1%-64.7%, 27.8%-81.3%, and 40.8%-96.8%, respectively). For postmortem inspection and death scene photos, 2.7% and 3.2% were submitted in black-and-white photographs, respectively. The authors propose a list of forensic autopsy requests including autopsy appraisal requests, unusual death occurrence reports, command recommendations of unusual deaths, prosecutor commands on unusual death, and confiscation warrants unconditionally, as an essential document reflecting the progress of investigations. We suggest that postmortem inspection reports and photos, death scene investigation reports and photos, and death certificates should be included as part of postmortem investigation data.

우리나라 심리부검에 대한 고찰

김태연(Tae-Yeon KIM),강버들(Beodeul KANG) 한국수산해양교육학회 2022 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.34 No.5

The purpose of this study is to derive educational implications by analyzing changes in psychological autopsy research and the characteristics of the research, and to provide basic data in the field of psychological autopsy research. For the past 10 years, 24 research papers on the subject of psychological autopsy were analyzed according to the literature research method. The results of this study were as follows. First, the annual trend of psychological autopsy research was actively conducted around 2014 thanks to national policies, but the number of studies decreased due to limitations in the number of research data. However, in recent years, as the field of research has expanded to the humanities, research has been gradually activated. In the field of research, there were researchers with various careers and majors. The research subject is changing from a large number of cases to few specific people. In keywords by subject, psychology autopsy, psychological autopsy, suicide prevention, and suicide were derived as core keywords. Second, the characteristics of psychological autopsy research have recently been converted from literature studies to case studies, and psychological autopsy research has shown the greatest interest and utilization in social welfare and psychology. Third, the educational implications of psychological autopsy research are applied to suicide prevention education programs through literary works, suicide prevention education for adolescents through psychological autopsy of suicides, and reinforcement of education for those in charge of psychological autopsy.