회내족 대상자의 스쿼트 동안 능동적 족궁 지지가 하지근육의 근전도 활성도에 미치는 영향

남기석,박지원,Nam, Ki-Seok,Park, Ji-Won 대한물리치료학회 2010 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of active foot arch support on the muscles of lower extremity electromyographic activity during squat exercise in persons with pronated foot. Methods: The study subjects were 16 persons with pronated foot. They have no history of surgery in lower extremity and trunk and limitation of range of motion or pain when performing squat exercise. Each subject was measured the navicular drop (ND) to determine the pronated foot. And then the subjects were asked to perform three repetitions of a $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion squat in both conditions which are 1) preferred squat and 2) squat with active foot arch support. Results: Paired t-test revealed that squat with active foot arch support produced significantly greater EMG activities in abductor hallucis (p=0.00), proneus longus (p=0.03) and gluteus medius (p=0.04) than preferred squat. But the EMG activities of tibialis anterior, vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis were not showed significantly different between the both squat conditions. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that active foot arch support during squat increase the activities of lower extremity muscles which are the abductor hallucis, proneus longus and gluteus medius. Also, the abductor hallucis which is one of the planter intrinsic muscle and peroneus longus play a role in support of the foot arch and active foot arch support induced the increase of the activity of gluteus medius. Therefore active foot arch support can change the lower extremity biomechanics as well as passive foot support such as foot orthotics and taping.

Design of Humanoid Robot Foot to Absorb Ground Reaction Force by Mimicking Longitudinal Arch and Transverse Arch of Human Foot

Jindeok Lee,Hyun-Min Joe 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.11

In this paper, we describe a double arched robotic Foot-1 (DARFT-1) for a humanoid robot. The feet of many humanoid robots are equipped with force/torque (F/T) sensors for various purposes of walking control, including the calculation of zero-moment-point (ZMP), contact detection, and contact force control. However, there are cases where unexpectedly large ground reaction force (GRF) is applied to the F/T sensor when the humanoid robot walks on uneven ground, causing the F/T sensor to break easily. To protect the F/T sensor and achieve the mechanical filter effect, various robot feet are being studied. We propose a robot foot that mimics the longitudinal arch and transverse arch of a human foot to absorb GRF effectively. Each arch of the proposed foot consists of passive joints and springs and is designed with a 2-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) structure. Furthermore, DARFT-1 is designed to prevent external obstacles from entering the sole of the foot, while also being designed for shape adaptation to uneven ground. To verify the effectiveness of the designed foot, GRF measurement experiments were conducted by mounting the DARFT-1 on the humanoid robot DRC-HUBO+. Through the experiments, the DARFT1 reduced GRF by an average of 9.8% and 10.02% in three trials when placing the obstacle on the front and side of the foot, respectively, compared to the previous foot. In addition, the proposed foot performed as a mechanical filter by reducing the rate of change in the GRF. Furthermore, the reduced GRF decreased the ZMP, improving the stability of the humanoid robot’s walk.

발반사요법이 교과수강(受講) 대상자들의 족문형태 변화에 미치는 영향

조미자(Mi Ja Cho) 한국인체미용예술학회 2014 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.15 No.4

This study attempted to investigatethe effects of reflexology therapy on footprint type among students who completed the reflexology therapy course and help them keep their feet healthy. For this, reflexology therapy was given to a total of 20 students who completed the 15 week-long reflexology therapy course (12 times, 60 min. per week) among those from Department of Cosmetology at a college in Chungnam from September 3 to December 10, 2012. Then, footprint type was analyzed. In terms of research method, footprints were stamped and analyzed through the arch classification method proposed by Choi Soon-bok. Of the 20 subjects, 18 were women and 2 were men. In terms of shoe type, 'sneakers' were used by 13 respondents, followed by 'low-heeled (4),' 'high-heeled (2)' and 'wedge-heeled (1).' In terms of footprint type, 'normal arch' was the highest (14), followed by 'low arch (5)' and 'high arch (1).' In terms of 'high arch,' one student had a high-arched foot on the left and normal-arched foot on the right. After the treatment, however, a nearly normal arch was found on the left footprint. In terms of 'low arch,'one of five students had a low-arched foot on the left and normal-arched foot on the right. After treatment, however, no significant change was found. Four students with a low-arch foot all had an unclear or normal arch-like footprint. Because they usually wore sneakers, it was confirmed that there was not a problem with the shoes. In terms of 'normal arch,' a vivid arch was found in 5 of 14 students. Overall, the line of the arch looked smoother.

뇌졸중 환자의 발 정렬운동이 지지비율, 보행능력, 발 아치에 미치는 영향

김주현(Ju-Hyun Kim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2024 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.18 No.2

This study was investigated the effects of foot alignment exercises on foot support ratio, gait ability, and foot arch in stroke patients. 17 stroke patients was selected as participants. The participants was performed foot alignment exercise for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks. Free Step 2.0 was used to measure foot support ratio and gait ability, and MediACE Scanner-MS320F equipment was used to measure foot alignment and foot arch. As a result of the study, significant results were found in cadence, gait speed, and transverse arch of the foot on the paretic side. The subjects cadence was increased from 70.4 ± 27.0 steps/min before the foot alignment exercise to 87.6 ± 23.6 steps/min after the exercise (p<.05). The subjects gait speed was increased from 0.4 ± 0.1 m/s before the foot alignment exercise to 0.7 ± 0.2 m/s after the exercise (p<.05). The subjects transverse arch of the foot was increased from 115.7 ± 8.6° before foot alignment exercise to 130.9 ± 4.2° after the exercise on the paralyzed side (p<.05). There was no significant results in the change in support ratio between the paretic and non-paretic sides. However, we could see both feet trying to balance. These results mean that foot alignment exercises can strengthen the balance and walking ability of stroke patients.

한국인의 발안쪽세로활 특성에 관한 연구

서윤경(Youn-Kyoung Seo),정화해(Hwa-Hae Jeong),김경태(Kyung-Tae Kim),백두진(Doo-Jin Paik) 대한체질인류학회 2010 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.23 No.2

최근 한국인의 여가활동이 다양화되고 증가함에 따라 발안쪽세로활의 변형과 손상이 빈번하게 나타나고 있다. 발안쪽세로활의 교정술을 시행하거나 발안쪽세로활의 변형을 예방하기 위한 신발을 제작하기 위해서는 발안쪽세로활의 해부학적 구조에 관한 연구가 필수적이다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국인 발안쪽세로활의 구조를 계측하고 기준이 되는 지표를 제시하는 데 있다. 한양대학교 의과대학 해부ㆍ세포생물학교실에서 실습한 시신 27구(남자 15구, 여자 12구, 평균연령 69.2세)의 발 54쪽을 대상으로 발의 길이와 발의 높이, 첫째발허리뼈 축의 기울기를 측정하고 기준이 될 수 있는 지표를 구하여 체질인류학적으로 비교하였다. 각 항목들은 SPSS 13.0 프로그램으로 분석하여 통계적 차이를 확인하였다. 발의 전체 길이는 211.12±13.02㎜이었고, 발의 높이는 39.03±6.27㎜이었으며 두 항목 모두 남ㆍ여와 연령별 계측값에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p<0.001)를 보였다. 첫째발허리뼈 축의 기울기는 24.98±2.16˚이었으며, 연령별 유의한 차이(p<0.001)를 보였다. 발안쪽세로활의 지표는 18.43±2.33이었다. 본 연구의 계측치를 토대로 인종 간 비교해 본 결과 한국인의 발안쪽세로활 지표는 미국인과 뚜렷한 차이를 보였고, 이러한 결과는 한국인 발안쪽세로활의 특성을 구명한 것으로 사료된다. In recent times the modification and injury of foot are shown due to various activity. It is essential to have detailed knowledges about the anatomical structure of medial longitudinal arch of foot for doing orthodigita or making shoes to prevent variation of medial longitudinal arch of foot. This study aimed to measure the constitution and to suggest the index of medial longitudinal arch of foot. Fifty four feet (30 M/24 F) obtained from the collection of the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology of College of Medicine, Hanyang University were studied. We measured the length of foot, the height of foot, and the first ray angle. Also, we found the index of medial longitudinal arch and compared this results with various races anthropologically. Each items was analyzed using SPSS win 13.0. The length of foot was 211.12±13.02 ㎜ and the height of foot was 39.03±6.27 ㎜. There was statistically significant difference between the values of male and female and among the age groups (p>0.001). The first ray angle was 24.98±2.16˚. There was statistically significant difference between the values of male and female (p>0.001). The medial longitudinal arch index was 18.43±2.33. The date shows clear distinction between the value of index in this study and the American’ value of index as a result of comparing races. The results of this study would be useful to clarify the characteristics of the medial longitudinal arch.

6주간의 활지지 테이핑(arch support taping) 적용이 과도하게 엎침된 발의 발바닥압력과 발배뼈 높이에 미치는 영향

김태호 ( Tae Ho Kim ),고은경 ( Eun Kyung Koh ),정도영 ( Do Young Jung ) 대한물리의학회 2011 대한물리의학회지 Vol.6 No.4

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of an arch support taping on navicular drop height and plantar pressure in the subjects with excessive pronated foot for 6 weeks. Methods:The fifteen subjects with the pronated foot group and the fifteen subjects with the normal foot group volunteered for this study. Both groups were applied arch support taping at 3 times a week during 6 weeks. Subjects were assessed navicular drop test to evaluate pronation of subtalar joint and plantar pressure on treadmill for pressure measuring system during walking with a bare foot state at pre- taping, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks. A two-way repeated analysis of variance design was used to examine the difference of navicular drop height and plantar pressure in the pronation foot group and the normal foot group. Results:The pronated foot group had significantly decreased both the navicular drop height and the plantar pressure under the medial midfoot than the normal foot group after 6 weeks(p<.01). Conclusions:This study proposed that an arch support taping can be support to lift navicular bone as well as to transfer the foot pressure from medial midfoot to lateral midfoot in individuals with excessive pronated foot.

한국 젊은 성인의 정규화된 아치 높이에 따른 발 유형 분석

Do-young Jung 한국전문물리치료학회 2020 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Background: The classification of foot type can be commonly determined by the height of the media longitudinal arch. The normalized arch height (NAH) is defined as the ratio of navicular or instep heights to the foot length or instep length. Objects: This study investigated the relationships among foot characteristics, such as foot length (FL), instep length (IL), navicular height (NH), and instep height (IH), in Korean young adults. Also, the distribution of foot type based on calculated NAH was assessed. Methods: Three-dimensional foot scanning data of young adults aged 20 to 39 years (total: 1,978; 974 male, 1,004 female) were obtained from the Korea Technology Standards Institute, and used for analyses. NAH was calculated as the following: NH/FL, IH/FL, IH/IL, NH/ IL. Spearman’s rank order correlation was used to identify correlations among variables. The Mann–Whitney U-test and chi-square test were used to compare the sex differences in foot characteristics and distribution of foot type. Results: FL and IL showed a very high correlation (r = 0.94). The correlations between FL or IL and IH (r = 0.50–0.57) were greater than those between FL or IL and NH (r = 0.23–0.72). Males had significantly larger values than females (p < 0.001), and the frequency of pes planus was significantly higher in females than in males (χ2 = 50.09, p < 0.001). Based on the IH/IL index, the neutral foot, pes planus and pes cavus distributed by 16%, 78%, and 6% respectively. Conclusion: Our results on foot arch distribution could be used as basic data in clinical or footwear fields, and our data on differences in arch structure according to sex may facilitate understanding of why injury to the lower limbs differs between males and females.

Is the Arch Index Meaningful

Lung, Chi-Wen,Yang, Sai-Wei,Hsieh, Lin-Fen Korean Society of Sport Biomechanics 2009 한국운동역학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The foot type is classified into normal, high or low arch according to either foot print or medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height. Plantar fasciitis, heel pain, Achilles tendinitis, stress fracture, metatarsalgia, knee pain, shin splint pain, and etc are common foot disorders and associate to the foot type. The purpose of this study was to evaluate several suggested bony inclination used to classified the abnormal foot and if the arch index (AI) was correlated with foot morphology. Lateral view and dorso-plantar view of radiographic images and flatbed scanner measurements obtained from 57 college students were analyzed. Results showed that AI measured in this study was higher than Caucasian Americans and European, but similar with African. The ethnic origin could influent the AI distribution. The AI provided a simple quantitative means of assessing the structure of lateral and medial longitudinal arches. The correlation coefficients of true bone height with AI could be further improved by normalized foot width rather than foot length. AI also demonstrated as a good indicator of inclination between calcaneus-fifth metatarsal (CalM5) and calcaneus-first metatarsal (CalX), it is a good means to classify the foot type.

Influence of Longitudinal Arch of Foot on the Strength and Muscle Activity of the Abductor Hallucis in Subjects with and without Navicular Drop Sign

( In-cheol Jeon ) 대한물리치료학회 2019 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Purpose: This study examined the influence of longitudinal arch on the strength and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis in the standing position in subjects with and without navicular drop signs. Methods: A sample of 34 subjects with and without navicular drop signs between 22 and 28 years of age were enrolled in this study. The strength and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis was measured using a tensiometer. The Smart KEMA System and electromyography device was used on the subjects with and without navicular drop signs. Two groups were classified using the navicular drop test to identify the longitudinal arch of the foot. The strength of the abductor hallucis was evaluated in standing, both with and without an external arch support condition. The two-way mixed ANOVA was used. The level of statistical significance was set to α=0.05. Results: The strength and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis in standing was significantly higher with external arch support than that without the external arch support in the group with navicular drop signs. There was no significant difference in the abductor hallucis strength and muscle activity with and without external arch support in the subjects without navicular drop signs. Conclusion: The strength and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis in standing can be influenced by the external arch support in the group with navicular drop signs. The strength measurement of the abductor hallucis in standing should be separately performed in conditions with and without longitudinal arch of foot.

Effect of Short-Foot Exercise Performed on Different Surfaces on Medial Longitudinal Arch Height and Static Balance in Healthy Adults

강권영 국제물리치료연구학회 2022 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.13 No.2

Background: Changes in foot sole shape can result in plantar muscle weakness, lack of proprioception, increased ankle instability, and an inability to balance. Objectives: To investigated whether different floor surfaces influenced the effect that short-foot exercises have on the foot core system of healthy individuals. Design: Pretest-posttest control group experimental design. Methods: This exercise shortens the length of the foot by raising the medial longitudinal arch, strengthening the intrinsic muscle of the sole, and maintaining the shape of the medial longitudinal arch. Results: There was a significant difference in the angle of the medial longitudinal arch in the mat exercise group (MEG) and vibration exercise group (VEG) before and after the intervention (P<.05). As the arch angle decreased, the arch height increased. Post hoc analysis showed that there was no difference between the floor exercise group (FEG) and MEG or between the MEG and VEG (P>.05). In terms of the weight distribution index (WDI, there was a significant difference in the MEG and VEG (P<.05) but not in the FEG before and after the intervention (P>.05). The post hoc analysis results showed that there was no difference between the FEG and MEG (P>.05). Conclusion: Various methods to improve the strength of intrinsic muscles of the sole are more effective than no stimulation, and that short-foot exercise combined with sensory stimulation can be recommended for maintaining and increasing the medial longitudinal arch.