Temporal bone CT 검사 시 conventional scan 방식과 helical scan방식에 따른 선량 비교분석

강수홍,박용성,이래곤,황선광,Gang, Su-hong,Park, Yong-Seong,Lee, Rae-Gon,Hwang, Seon-Kwang 대한디지털의료영상학회 2015 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1

Temporal bone CT scan side skull fracture. In addition to the confirmation of the ossicles, such as fractures and dislocations, temporomandibular facial fractures, deformities surgery helps to establish a science plan. Cochlear implant surgery has been performed in the state before and after identifying purposes. Test methods are being implemented by the Conventional direct axial and Direct coronal scan, the basic method of Temporal bone CT. Helical scan is a fast Volumetric data obtained compared with the Conventional scan, the patient reduced the dose, and there are some advantages, such as reduced Beam hardening streak artifacts caused by dental fillings. This study is a comparative analysis by dose reduction for patients with a dose according to the conventional scan method and then effective from 2015 by helical scan method performed in 2014 through the retrospective survey, which was then optimized for the purpose of inspection.

3D Digital Design 기법을 이용한 BWTS 설치 설계 연구

지재훈(Jae-Hoon JEE) 한국수산해양교육학회 2017 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.2

Over the past few years, as maritime trade and traffic were highly expanding, problem of invasive species via ballast water have been raised. In 1988, Canada and Australia had firstly experience that unexpected and hazardous species were observed on their own sea, they have issued the problem to MEPC under the IMO. At the end of many years of discussion, on the diplomatic conference in 13 Feb. 2004, International Convention for the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Sediments of the Ship was adopted. Requirements for entering into force of this Convention is that 30 countries ratify and world merchant marine fleet is more than 35% and BWM Convention will be effected after 12months from date satisfying conditions. With Finland ratifying the BWM Convention on 8 Sep. 2016, the fleet amounted to 35.1441% and ratification country became 52 countries. Therefore, after 12month, BWM Convention will be formally effected on 8 Sep. 2017. Ballast Water Treatment System is to be fitted in new ships as well as existing ships. Thus, there are concerns of ship owners to be suitably installed a variety typed BWTS in many kinds of vessels. As approaching for resolving these problems, engineering analysis was carried out research studies and detailed design to analyze to optimal installation space for retrofitting a BWTS using 3D Scanning method, targeting representative DWT 180K Bulk carrier of dry cargo vessels charged more 40% on worldwide vessel and mainly two type BWTS as electrolysis treatment type and ultra violet treatment type. Optimal design of 3D Scanning technology was applied to analyze four step process and the overall conclusion was described in this paper.

호화점 이하에서 옴가열이 감자 전분의 열적특성에 미치는 영향

차윤환,Cha, Yun-Hwan 한국식품영양학회 2012 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

Ohmic heating uses electric resistance heat which occurs equally and rapidly inside of food when electrical current is flown into. In other study, we researched about soybean protein's characteristic changes by ohmic heating. Nevertheless treated same temperature, denaturation of soybean protein were accelerated by ohmic heating than conventional heating. In this time, we studied thermal property change of potato starch by ohmic heating besides conventional heating. For this purpose, potato starch was heated at same subgelatinization temperature by ohmic and conventional heating. And thermal properties were tested using DSC. Annealing of starch is heat treatment method that heated at 3~4% below the gelatinization point. DSC analysis results of this study, the $T_o$, $T_p$, $T_c$ of potato starch levels were increased, whereas $T_c{\sim}T_o$ was narrowed. This thermal property changes appear similar to annealing's result. It is thought the results shown in this study, because the heating from below the gelatinization point. 6, 12, 24, 72, and 120 hours heating at $55^{\circ}C$ for potato starch, $T_o$, $T_p$, $T_c$ values continue to increased with heating time increase. The gelatinization temperature of raw potato starch was $65.9^{\circ}C$ and the treated starch by conventional heating at $55^{\circ}C$ for 120 hr was $72^{\circ}C$, ohmic was $76^{\circ}C$. The gelatinization range of conventional (72 hr) was $10^{\circ}C$, ohmic was $8^{\circ}C$. In case of 24 hours heating at 45, 50, 55, 60, $65^{\circ}C$ for potato starch, the result was similar to before. $T_o$, $T_p$, $T_c$ values continue to increased and gelatinization range narrowed with heating temperature increase. In case of conventional heating at $60^{\circ}C$, the results of gelatinization temperature and range were $70.1^{\circ}C$ and $9.1^{\circ}C$. And ohmic were $74.4^{\circ}C$ and $7.5^{\circ}C$. When viewed through the results of the above, the internal structure of starch heated by ohmic heating was found that the shift to a more stable form and to increase the homology of the starch internal structure.

의료 초음파 영상을 위한 화소단위 집속기법

황재섭,송태경 대한의용생체공학회 2000 의공학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 논문에서는 디지털 스캔 컨버터(DSC, digital scan converter)에 의한 왜곡이 근본적으로 발생하지 않는 새로운 초음파 영상 방법으로서 표시장치의 화소에 직접 수신 집속하는 기법(DPBF, display-pixel-based focusing)과 이를 구현하기 위한 초음파 영상 장치의 구조를 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 극 좌표에 위치하는 샘플링 점들 대신에 직각좌표상의 화소들에 직접 수신 집속 함으로써 DSC의 역할을 제거하였다. DPBF 기법을 적용한 영상에는 DSC에 의한 허상 및 구획화 현상 등이 나타나지 않으며, 일반적인 방법에 의한 영상에 비해 보다 세밀한 영상을 제공한다는 사실을 검증할 수 있었다. 본 논문은 DSC에 의한 보간 효과가 두 개의 비교 영상 A, B 간에 미치는 정도를 정량적으로 평가하기 위해서 영상거침 비(ICRA/B, Image Coarseness Ratio)를 새로운 성능 측정 방법으로 정의하였다. 이 ICRA/B를 이용하여 비교 영상간 거친 정도를 정량적으로 측정하였다. In this paper, a new beamforming technique is proposed, which can completely eliminate all the artifacts caused by digital scan converter. In the proposed method, named display-pixel-based focusing(DPBF) by the authors, ultrasound waves are focused directly at the display pixels instead of sampling points on the polar coordinate. Consequently. the DPBF system does not require the digital scan converter. To verify the proposed method, we modified a commercial scanner and performed experiments with a 3.5 MHz convex array and a 7.5 MHz linear array. We also defined and measured ICRA/B(Image Coarseness Ratio) to compare the image quality quantitatively. The experimental results with in vivo and in vitro data show that the proposed method improves the ICRA/B considerably, resulting in much smoother and finer images.

합성생물학 전수조사, 모니터링 및 평가체계 수립에 대한 국제적 논의 동향 및 국내 대응 방안 연구

류예리(Ryu, Yeri),구경아(Koo, Kyung Ah) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2021 환경법과 정책 Vol.26 No.-

합성생물학(synthetic biology)은 현재 생물다양성협약과 그 부속의정서인 카르타헤나의정서와 나고야의정서에서 가장 주목받고 있는 교차영역의제(cross-cutting issues) 중의 하나이다. 국제협약에서 합성생물학이 중요한 주제로 논의될 수 있는 법적 근거는 생물다양성협약의 전문과 카르타헤나의정서 제10(6)조에 명시된 사전주의 원칙(precautionary principle)이다. 사전주의 원칙에 따라 합성생물학의 잠재적 부작용에 대한 과학적 근거는 부족할지라도 그 위험성에 대한 우려의 제기로 합성생물학 규율을 논의할 수 있다. 2021년에 개최될 제15차 생물다양성협약 당사국총회에서는, 합성생물학에 대한 제도적 규율의 일환으로, 합성생물학 기술개발에 대한 전수조사, 모니터링 및 평가(horizon scanning, monitoring and assessment) 절차 수립 및 이를 지원할 다분야기술전문가그룹(multidisciplinary technical expert group) 설치에 대한 합의를 앞두고 있다. 이는 제14차 생물다양성협약 당사국총회에서 합성생물학의 잠재적 긍정적 영향과 잠재적 부정적 영향에 관한 새로운 정보를 검토하기 위해서 가장 최신 기술개발에 대한 광범위하고 정기적인 전수조사, 모니터링 및 평가가 필요하다는데 당사국들이 동의한 결과이다. 한편 국제자연연맹(IUCN)과 같은 국제기구들과 선진국들 또한 합성생물학의 잠재적 부작용에 대한 연구 및 대응 방안을 서두르고 있다. 최근 미국에서는 합성유기체의 잠재적인 부정적 영향을 현재의 규제 시스템으로 규제하는 데는 한계가 있으며, 앞으로 매우 많은 수의 합성유기체가 만들어질 것이고, 이것이 환경에 막대한 영향을 미칠 가능성을 제기하였다. 영국과 독일도 합성유기체는 자연을 기반으로 발생한 생물들과 전혀 다르므로 합성유기체만을 규제하는 새로운 규제제도 수립의 필요성을 제기하였다. 이처럼 합성생물학의 잠재적 부작용에 대한 우려가 증가함에 따라 선진국과 국제기구는 대응방안 마련을 서두르고 있다. 그러나 우리나라는 기초 조사는 물론 기존 유전자변형생물체와 차원이 다른 새로운 모니터링과 평가체계 수립이 필요하다는 인식조차 하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이제는 우리나라도 합성생물학 적용 생성물이 인간, 환경에 끼칠 잠재적 부작용에 대해 주목할 시기가 되었다. 이에 본 연구는 먼저 국제협약에서 합성생물학 최신 기술발전에 대한 전수조사, 모니터링 및 평가체계가 논의되기 시작한 배경 및 과정, 그리고 지금까지 국제적으로 합의된 사항에 대해서 살펴보고자 한다. 다음으로 합성생물학 전수조사, 모니터링 및 평가체계 수립을 두고 제시되고 있는 주요 내용을 살펴보고자 한다. 끝으로 이러한 연구를 바탕으로 제도적 측면에서 국내 대응 방안 및 정책적 과제를 제시하고자 한다. Synthetic biology is one of the cross-cutting issues currently receiving the most attention in the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) and the two supplementary agreements of CBD, the Cartagena Protocol and Nagoya Protocol. The legal basis for such attention is the precautionary principle specified in the preamble of CBD and Article 10(6) of the Cartagena Protocol. According to the precautionary principle, despite insufficient scientific evidence for the potential risks of synthetic biology, the potential risks currently raised provide the international community a basis of discussion for regulating synthetic biology. The 15th Conference of the Parties(COP15) to the CBD, which will be held in 2021, is going to 1) set up horizon scanning, monitoring and assessment of the recent development of synthetic biology, as a part of institutional discipline in synthetic biology, and 2) establish a multi-disciplinary technical expert group to support it. This is the result of the 14th Conference of Parties(COP14) to the Convention on Biodiversity. Parties in the COP14 agreed on a broad examination and regulation on the potential positive and negative effects of the most recent technological development of synthetic biology. International organizations, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), and developed countries are also rushing to study and respond to potential side effects of synthetic biology. Recently, the United States report the limitation of current regulatory systems on regulating the potential negative effects of synthetic organisms. Numerous synthetic organisms will be created in the future and will possibly have a huge impact on the environment. Britain and Germany also raise the need to establish a new regulatory regime for only synthetic organisms because synthetic organisms cannot be characterized by any existing organisms. Despite increasing international concerns over the potential side effects of synthetic biology and rushing to come up with countermeasures, Korea has not yet recognized the need of new monitoring and evaluation system, which is different from the existing system for genetically modified organisms. It is time for our country to pay attention to the potential side effects of synthetic biology-applied products on humans and the environment. Therefore, this study first examines the background and process behind the start of discussing recent technological development in synthetic biology in international conventions, and what has been agreed internationally. Then, we look at the main contents that are presented with the establishment of horizon scanning, monitoring and assessment of the development of synthetic biology. Finally, based on this research, I would like to present domestic countermeasures and policy tasks from an institutional perspective.

Fresh and hardened properties of rubberized concrete using fine rubber and silpozz

Padhi, S.,Panda, K.C. Techno-Press 2016 Advances in concrete construction Vol.4 No.1

This work investigates the mechanical properties of conventional concrete (CC) and self compacting concrete (SCC) using fine rubber and silpozz were accompanied by a comparative study between conventional rubberized concrete (CRC) and self compacting rubberized concrete (SCRC). Fine rubber (FR) from scrap tires has replaced the fine aggregate (FA) and Silpozz has been used as a replacement of cement at the proportions of 5, 10 and 15%. Silpozz as a partial replacement of cement in addition of superplasticiser (SP) increases the strength of concrete. Fresh concrete properties such as slump test, compaction factor test for CRC, whereas for SCRC slump flow, $T_{500}$, V-funnel, L-box, U-box, J-ring tests were conducted along with the hardened properties tests like compressive, split tensile and flexural strength test at 7, 28 and 90 days of curing. The durability and microstructural behavior for both CRC and SCRC were investigated. FR used in the present study is 4.75 mm passing with fineness modulus 4.74.M30 grade concrete is used with a mix proportion of 1:1.44:2.91 and w/c ratio as 0.43. The results indicate that as FR quantity increases, workability of both CRC and SCRC decreases. The results also show that the replacement of natural fine aggregate (NFA) with FR particles decreases the compressive strength with the increase of flexural strength observed upto 5% replacement of FR. Also replacement of cement with silpozz resulted enhancement of strength in SCRC.