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A 77 GHz mHEMT MMIC Chip Set for Automotive Radar Systems
Dong Min Kang,심재엽,윤형섭,Jin-Hee Lee,Kyung Ho Lee,Ju Yeon Hong 한국전자통신연구원 2005 ETRI Journal Vol.27 No.2
A monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) chip set consisting of a power amplifier, a driver amplifier, and a frequency doubler has been developed for automotive radar systems at 77 GHz. The chip set was fabricated using a 0.15 μm gate-length InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) process based on a 4-inch substrate. The power amplifier demonstrated a measured small signal gain of over 20 dB from 76 to 77 GHz with 15.5 dBm output power. The chip size is 2 mm × 2 mm. The driver amplifier exhibited a gain of 23 dB over a 76 to 77 GHz band with an output power of 13 dBm. The chip size is 2.1 mm × 2 mm. The frequency doubler achieved an output power of –6 dBm at 76.5 GHz with a conversion gain of –16 dB for an input power of 10 dBm and a 38.25 GHz input frequency. The chip size is 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm. This MMIC chip set is suitable for the 77 GHz automotive radar systems and related applications in a Wband.
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김동균,CUICHENGLIN,권오윤,윤채원,김병성 한국전자파학회 2016 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.27 No.9
본 논문에서는 차량 레이다 사이의 상호 간섭 영향 평가를 위하여 77 GHz 대역 레이다 간섭 신호 발생기를 설계하였다. 개발한 간섭 신호 발생기는 기준신호 발생기와 77 GHz 대역 송신기로 구성된다. 기준신호 발생기는 상용 칩과 보드를 사용하여 2.75 GHz의 톱니파, 삼각파, 임의 주파수 호핑과 같은 다양한 변조 신호를 발생시키며, 77 GHz 송신기는변조된 기준신호를 28 체배하여 77 GHz 대역의 신호를 발생시킨다. 77 GHz 송신기에 사용한 칩은 65 nm CMOS 공정을이용해 자체 제작하였으며, 칩 상에 도파관 급전기를 내장하여 혼 안테나를 직접 구동할 수 있다. 송신기의 주파수 대역은 75.6~77 GHz이며, 출력 전력은 7.31~8.06 dBm이다
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Kang, Dong Min,Hong, Ju Yeon,Yoon, Hyung Sup,Lee, Kyung Ho,Choi, Ik Guen Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS - Vol.50 No.9
<P>A 77-GHz transceiver module has been developed for automotive radar sensors by using an monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) one-chip set. An MMIC one-chip set consists of a transmitter, an eight-stage low noise amplifier and a mixer. The chip set was fabricated using a 0.15-μm gate-length InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs metamorphic high-electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) process based on a four-inch substrate. The transceiver module's total size, including the 38.25 GHz VCO, 76.5 GHz transmitter, 76.5 GHz receiver, 78 GHz LO circuit, IF and BB circuit, and bias circuit, is 80 × 95 × 23 mm<SUP>3</SUP>. This MMIC transceiver module is suitable for the 77-GHz automotive radar sensors and related applications in a W-band. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2371–2376, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23651</P>
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PCB와 ACF를 이용한 77 GHz 슬롯 배열 안테나
윤평화(Pyoung-Hwa Yoon),권오윤(Oh-Yun Kwon),송림(Reem Song),김병성(Byung-Sung Kim) 한국전자파학회 2018 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.29 No.10
본 논문은 인쇄기판을 금속 구조물에 접착하여 제작한 77 GHz 도파관 슬롯 배열 안테나의 성능 평가 결과를 제시한다. 77 GHz 도파관을 상판과 하부 구조체로 나누어 상판은 저가로 미세 슬롯 구현에 유리한 인쇄기판을 이용하여 제작하고, 하부 구조체는 금속 가공하여 제작한 후, ACF(Anisotropic Conductive Film)을 이용하여 접합하였다. 안테나 성능평가를 위해 1×16 슬롯 배열 안테나를 제안 방식으로 제작하고, 이득과 패턴을 측정하여 시뮬레이션 값과 비교하였다. 측정 결과, 이상적 접합 조건으로 시뮬레이션한 결과 대비 2.3~3.5 dB의 이득 저하가 나타났지만 패턴은 변화가 거의 없으며, 제안 방식을 이용하면 77 GHz에서 약 17 dBi의 이득의 슬롯 안테나를 저가로 간단히 제작할 수 있음을 확인하였다. This study presents the performance evaluation results of a 77-GHz waveguide slot array antenna that was fabricated by attaching a patterned printed circuit board(PCB) on a metal block. The 77-GHz waveguide was divided into a top plate and a bottom structure. The top plate was fabricated using a patterned PCB that can implement a fine slot at low cost. The top cover was then bonded to the bottom metal structure with a waveguide trough using anisotropic conductive film. For evaluating the antenna performance, a 1× 16 slot array antenna was fabricated using our proposed method and the gain and pattern were measured and compared with the simulation results. Though the measurement results demonstrate a reduction in gain of around 2.3~3.5 dB compared to the simulation results assuming ideal bonding conditions, the pattern hardly changed and the slot antenna with a gain of approximately 17 dBi at 77 GHz can be easily manufactured at a low cost using the proposed method.
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65 nm CMOS 공정을 이용한 77 GHz LNA 설계
김준영,김성균,Chenglin Cui,김병성 한국전자파학회 2013 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.24 No.9
본 논문에서는 65 nm RF CMOS 공정을 이용한 차량 레이더용 77 GHz 저 잡음 증폭기의 설계 방법론 및 측정 결과를 제시한다. 설계한 LNA는 3단 공통소스 증폭단 구조이며, 전송선을 사용하여 입출력 임피던스 정합을 구현하였다. 3차원 전자기 시뮬레이션 시간을 단축하기 위해 전송선 EM 라이브러리를 사전에 구축하여 정합 회로를 설계하였으며, 측정을 통해 제안 방법론의 정확성을 확인하였다. 제작한 저 잡음 증폭기의 최대 이득은 77 GHz에서 10 dB, 입출력 반사 손실은 —10 dB 이하이다.
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노석호(Seok-Ho Noh),류지열(Jee-Youl Ryu) 한국정보기술학회 2018 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.9
This paper presents a low-power high-gain 77GHz power amplifier for automotive collision avoidance radar. The proposed circuit consists of a conjugate matching circuit stage to match input and inter-stage, and 2-stage cascode amplification stage to increase power gain. This circuit is designed using 0.18μm Bipolar/CMOS/DMOS (BCD) 1-poly 4-metal process (f<SUB>T</SUB>/f<SUB>MAX</SUB> =100/130GHz) with the top metal thickness layer of 3μm. This amplifier is realized to have low noise figure, low power consumption, and high power gain at a supply voltage of 2V. We reduced a total circuit area by using transmission lines instead of the bulky inductor for the general impedance matching. The proposed power amplifier showed the highest power gain of 26.8dB, the lowest power consumption of 45mW, the smallest chip area of 0.152mm², the highest power-added efficiency of 17.5% and the highest saturated output power of 19.5dBm as compared to recently research results.
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TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS AND LOW-COST DESIGN OF AUTOMOTIVE RADAR FOR ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM
S. H. JEONG,J. E. LEE,S. U. CHOI,J. N. OH,K. H. LEE 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.7
Recently, the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), which helps mitigate car accidents, has been developed using environmental detection sensors, such as long and short range radar, lidar, wide dynamic range cameras, ultrasonic sensors and laser scanners. Among these detection sensors, radars can quickly provide drivers with reliable information about the velocity, distance and direction of a target obstacle, as well as information about the vehicle in changing weather conditions. In the adaptive cruise control system (ACCS), three radar sensors are usually needed because two short range radars are used to detect objects in the adjacent lane and one long range radar is used to detect objects in-path. In this paper, low-cost radar based on a single sensor, which can detect objects in both the adjacent lane and in-path, is proposed for use in the ACCS. Before designing the proposed radar, we analyzed the world-wide radar technology and market trends for ACCS. Based on this analysis, we designed a novel radar sensor for the ACCS using radar components, such as an antenna, transceiver module, transceiver control module and signal processing algorithm. Finally, target detection experiments were conducted. In the experimental results, the proposed single radar can successfully complete the detection required for the ACCS. In the conclusion, the perspective and issues in the future development of the ACCS radar are described.
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