우물유구에 대한 분석과 조사방법

김창억,김대덕,도영아 한국문화유산협회 2008 야외고고학 Vol.0 No.5

우물유구에 대한 체계적인 연구가 아직 미미하고 발굴조사 방법론에 대해서도 구체적으로 제시된 바가 없는 상태이므로, 본고에서는 청동기시대~조선시대까지 우물 중 석조우물을 중심으로 자료를 수집하고 분석하여 우물에 대한 기본적인 사항과 올바른 조사방법을 살펴보고자 한다. 우물유구의 형태분류는 굴광의 단면형태, 벽 최하단 시설의 형태와 바닥시설의 조성방법, 돌의 크기에 따른 벽석 축조방법, 벽 시설의 단면형태, 굴광의 형태에 의한 벽석축조법, 충전토 구성 등으로 분류된다.우물의 지하부분에 대한 조사법은 벽시설의 내부만을 조사하는 내부굴착법, 우물의 중심축을 기준으로 1/2을 분할하여 내부퇴적토와 벽시설, 충전토와 기반층을 완전히 제거하여 조사하는 단면절개법, 내부굴착법과 단면절개법을 조합한 방법인 내부굴착+단면절개법, 단면절개법의 단점을 일부 보완하면서 단면절개법과 달리 벽시설의 외벽을 남겨둔 채 절개하는 벽석제거법, 내부굴착법과 단면절개법, 벽석제거법을 조합한 통합법이 있으며, 각 조사방법에 따라 장․단점을 가지고 있다. There has been little systematic research carried out on well structures, and excavation methods for this type of archaeological material have not been presented in a specific or concrete manner. This paper aims to consider, in detail, the proper methods for investigating well structures, based on information and materials gathered and analyzed from stone well structures dating from the Bronze Age to the Joseon Period. The excavated well structures can be classified according to the following attributes: the cross-sectional shape, the form of the deepest part of the shaft sunk into the earth, the shape of the well bottom, the construction method of the well wall, the cross-sectional shape of the wall frame, and the nature of the backfilled earth and other archaeological remains. The methods for investigating well structures consist of the following. Firstly, there is the investigation method which focuses only on the interior of the well structure. Second, the cross-sectional investigation method, in which the well structure is divided along its vertical axis and half of the earth inside the well, the facilities for the wall fender, the refilled earth, and the natural sedimentary layer are investigated entirely. The third method is a combination of the previous two methods, and the fourth method involves the removal of the wall stones while leaving the outer earthen wall intact, thereby overcoming the limitations of the cross-sectional method. Lastly, there is the comprehensive investigation method which combines all of the above methods. It can be noted that each method of investigation has its strengths and weaknesses.

An Brain Image Segmentation Method based on Non-local MRF

Zhongyuan Cui,Feng Wang,Jin Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.5

Brain image segmentation is one of the most important parts of clinical diagnostic tools. However, accurate segmentation of brain images is a very difficult task due to the noise, inhomogeneity and sometimes deviation in brain images. Wells model incorporates the brain image segmentation and inhomogeneity correction into one framework to overcome influences from the intensity inhomogeneity and obtain good segmentation performance. However, the classical Wells model did not take spatial information into account, so its segmentation results are sensitive to the noise. In order to overcome this limitation, the MRF theory and the nonlocal information are used to construct a nonlocal Markov Random Field. With this nonlocal MRF, the improved Wells method can obtain much better segmentation results. The experimental results show that our method is robust to the noise and is able to simultaneously keep the image edge and slender topological structure very well.

미니멀리즘에 의한 iColor 인지 방안이 멘탈 웰니스에 미치는 영향: iColor 디자인 원리를 중심으로

김성헌 한국웰니스학회 2023 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 멘탈 웰니스(mental wellness)를 위한 인지 방안(cognition method)으로, 미니멀리즘(minimalism)에 기반한 iColor (internalized color) 연구를 제시하고자 하며, <미니멀리즘에 의한 iColor 디자인 원리>를 중심으로 설명하고자 하였다. 세계적 감염병인 COVID-19 발생은 결과적으로, 개인의 정신 건강에 부정적 영향을 유발하였다(Salari et al., 2020; El Tantawiet et al., 2022). 개인의 정신 건강을 회복하기 위해서는, 멘탈 웰니스(mental wellness)가 필요하며, 사고의 능동적인 성장을 통한 회복력을 구축하고, 성장하며, 번영할 수 있어야 한다(McGroarth, 2021; GWI, 2020). 멘탈 웰니스를 위한 인지 방안으로 제시하는 <iColor Sensory Lexicon>의 디자인 원리는 인지 향상(cognitive enhancement)과 두뇌 훈련(brain training)에 목적을 두었으며, 멘탈 웰니스가 추구하는 사고의 성장과 개인의 가치(self-worth), 정체성(identity)을 강화하는데 효과적인 방안이다. 첫째, <미니멀리즘에 의한 iColor 연결(link) 원리>는 Sound・Aroma・Flavor를 iColor로 연결하여, 사고의 영역을 확장하고, 다양한 시각적 표현을 가능하게 한다. 이것은 멘탈 웰니스가 추구하는 창의적인 사고의 발현이자, 인지 향상의 과정이라 할 수 있다. 둘째, <미니멀리즘에 의한 iColor 추출(extraction) 원리>를 통한, Sound・Aroma・Flavor의 시각적 표현과 센서리 렉시콘(sensory lexicon)의 제공은 개인의 표현영역을 확장하여 창의적인 해석(creative interpretation)을 가능하게 한다. 그리고 개인의 언어로 표현하기 어려운 감정을 시각적으로 표현하기에 효과적이며, 개인의 가치와 정체성을 강화하고 회복력(resilience)을 구축하기에 효과적이다. 결과적으로, 본 연구에서 제시하는 <iColor Sensory Lexicon>은 멘탈 웰니스가 추구하는 능동적인 사고의 성장, 감정 및 심리적 차원에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 근본적인 인지 방안이라 할 수 있다. This study presents iColor(internalized color) research as a cognitive method for mental wellness based on minimalism, focusing on <iColor Design Principles Based on Minimalism>. The outbreak of COVID-19, a global pandemic, ultimately caused negative impact on individuals' mental health (Salari et al., 2020; El Tantawiet et al., 2022). In order to restore mental health and reach mental wellness, one must build resilience, grow, and thrive through active thinking(McGroarth, 2021; GWI, 2020). The design principle of <iColor Sensory Lexicon>, which is a cognitive method for mental wellness, is cognitive enhancement and brain training. <iColor Sensory Lexicon> is an effective way to strengthen self-worth and identity or selfhood, which are key values of mental wellness. First, <iColor Link Principle Through Minimalism> connects sound, aroma, and flavor with iColor, expanding one’s scope of thinking and enabling various visual expressions. This exhibits a form of creative thinking that mental wellness promotes and leads to cognitive improvement. Second, the visual expression of Sound・Aroma・Flavor, and the availability sensory lexicon through <iColor Extraction Principle Through Minimalism> expand individuals’ scope of expression and enable greater creative interpretation. Visual expressions can more effectively express emotions that are difficult to express with one’s ordinary language, and can effectively boost one’s self-confidence and identity and build resilience. As a result, the <iColor Sensory Lexicon> presented in this study is fundamentally a cognition method that can have a positive impact on emotional, psychological, and cognitive growth, which are essential to achieving mental wellness.

중국 상표법상 치명상표의 개념 및 인정방식에 대한 연구

정태호(Tae-Ho Jung) 세창출판사 2008 창작과 권리 Vol.- No.53

The concept of well-known mark in Chinese Trademark Law isn't definitely understood and it is still difficult for foreigners to understand its concept exactly. Therefore, it is needed to define the concept of well-known mark and study determination methods of Well-known mark in Chinese Trademark Law. China is a party to the WTO, therefore it is committed to TRIPs and WIPO JOINT RECOMMENDATION CONCERNING PROVISIONS ON THE PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN MARKS. And thus, an well-known mark can be protected and enforceable effectively. The revised Trademark Act Article 13, 14, effective on December 2001 and the regulation entitled "Provisions on the Determination and Protection of Well-Known marks", effective on June 2003, have helped to recognize Well-Known status of a number of Chinese trademarks. On the other hand, an unregistered trademark, if identified by the Trademark Office as an well-known mark in the relavant sector of the public, is as enforceable as a registered trademark be. And there become to be two main methods to determine Well-Known mark; One is by administrative means if there are oppositions or trials, the other is through the People's Court if there are suits. The Article 13 states that "Where a trademark in respect of which the application for registration is filed for use for identical or similar goods is a reproduction, imitation or translation of another person's trademark not registered in China and likely to cause confusion, it shall be rejected for registration and prohibited from use. Where a trademark in respect of which the application for registration is filed fdr use for non-identical or dissimilar goods is a reproduction, imitation or translation of the well-known mark of another person that has been registered in China, misleads the pub1ic and is likely to create prejudice to the interests of the well-known mark registrant, it shall be rejected for registration and prohibited from use." and the Article 14 states that "Account shall be taken of the fol1owing factors in establishment of a well-known mark: ⑴ reputation of the mark to the relevant public; (2) time for continued use of the mark; (3) consecutive time, extent and geographical area of advertisement of the mark; (4) records of protection of the mark as a well-known mark; and (5) any other factors relevant to the reputation of the mark." And this provisions have accepted relavant provisions of WIPO JOINT RECOMMENDATION CONCERNING PROVISIONS ON THE PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN MARKS. This provisions in China leads us to think that it is needed to make the definite standards and concrete method determining Well-Known mark in our Trademark Law. Therefore, I think that Korea Intellectual Property Office also need to make the definite regulations about determining Well-Known mark like the cases of Chinese Trademark Law and regulations.

장애아동 주양육자의 웰니스에 미치는 영향: 장애수용, 스트레스, 대처방식 중심으로

강지순 한국장애인재활협회 부설 재활연구소 2019 재활복지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 장애아동 주양육자의 장애수용, 대처방식, 스트레스, 웰니스 정도에 미치는 영향요인을 파악하고자 시도하였다. 연구설계는 서술적 조사연구로 연구대상은 장애아동 주양육자 150명이다. 자료 분석은 SPSS WIN 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, correlation, Regression 분석을 시행하였 다. 연구결과는 장애아동 주양육자의 웰니스 정도와 주요변인 간의 상관관계는 웰니스와 장애수용 정도, 웰니스와 대처방식, 장애수용 정도와 대처방식 정도는 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 웰니스와 스트 레스, 장애수용 정도와 스트레스, 스트레스와 대처방식은 부적 상관관계가 있었다. 장애아동 주양육자의 웰니스에 영향을 미치는 요인은 대처방식, 스트레스 순으로 나타났으며, 설명력은 31.5%였다. 장애 아동 주양육자의 웰니스의 긍정적 변화를 보장하기 위해서는 장애아동 주양육자의 올바른 대처방식의 확립과 스트레스를 줄이기 위한 전략이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 웰니스 정도에 영향을 주는 주양 육자의 스트레스를 감소시키고 대처방식을 증진 시킬 수 있는 효과전략의 필요성을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of Acceptance of Disability, coping Methods and Stress on wellness of Main caregivers of Children with Disabilities. The research was designed a descriptive research study. The participants were 150 main caregivers of disabled children. The data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis using SPSS WIN 23.0 program. The results showed that the correlation between the wellness and the main variables showed a positive correlation with the wellness and acceptance of Disability, wellness and coping Methods, acceptance of Disability and coping Methods. Wellness and stress, acceptance of Disability and stress, stress and coping Methods were negatively correlated. The factors influencing the wellness of the disabled children 's main caregivers were coping methods, stress. It was explained by 31.5%. It was needed to establish the right coping strategies in order to ensure a positive change in the wellbeing of the disabled children’s main caregivers. Also, the strategics needed that to reduce the stress In this study, we suggested the need for intervention strategies to reduce stress and improve coping methods of the main caregiver affecting the wellness.

Well-being 평가기법을 이용한 전력시스템의 신뢰도평가 및 송전용량 계산

손현일(Hyun-Il Son),배인수(In-Su Bae),김진오(Jin-O Kim) 대한전기학회 2010 전기학회논문지 Vol.59 No.5

Reliability in electrical power system refers to normal operation for schedule time in some system that action consists. It means that if there is no contingency of electric power supply decrease or load curtailment, reliability of the system is high. In this paper, a method for evaluation of transmission capability is proposed considering reliability standards. Deterministic and probabilistic methods for evaluation of transmission capability has been studied. These researches considered uncertainty of system components or N-1 contingency only. However, the proposed method can inform customers and system operators more suitable transmission capability. Well-being method using state probabilities of system components proves to be a more effective method in this paper comparing with calculation of LOLE(Loss of Load Expectation). The length of calculation is shorter but it can give more practical information to the exact system operators. Well-being method is applied to IEEE-RTS 24bus system to evaluate reliability in case study. The result is compared with a existing way to evaluate reliability with LOLE and it shows that transmission capability connected with adjacent networks. This paper informs system operators and power suppliers of reliable information for operating power system.

단계양수시험 해석시 우물상수 산정 방법이 우물효율에 미치는 영향

정상용 ( Sang Yong Chung ),김병우 ( Byung Woo Kim ),김규범 ( Gyoo Bum Kim ),권해우 ( Hae Woo Kweon ) 대한지질공학회 2009 지질공학 Vol.19 No.1

다공질매질에 굴착된 2개의 관정과 단열암반층에 굴착된 2개의 관정으로 부터 단계양수시험이 실시되었다. Jacob(1947)이 제시한 P = 2.0 값은 단계양수시험의 수위강하를 해석하기 위하여 다공질매질과 단열암반층에 모두 적용되고 있다. 단계양수시험 해석에 대한 선형 모델(Jacob`s graphic method)의 문제점들을 파악하기 위하여, 선형과 비선형 모델(Labadie and Helweg`s least-squares method)에서 산정된 우물상수(대수층손실상수(B), 우물손실상수(C) 및 우물손실지수(P))를 비교·분석하였다. 선형과 비선형 모델에서 산정된 C와 P값의 차이는 대수층의 투수성과 관정의 조건에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. 즉, 다공질매질에서 비선형 모델로 산정된 C값은 선형 모델로 산정된 C값에 비해 약 100~10-2, 단열암반층에서는 약 10-3~10-6배 낮게 나타났다. 비선형 모델을 통해 산정된 다공질매질의 P값은 2.124~2.775, 단열암반층은 3.459~5.635의 범위로 산정되었으며, 이때 비선형 모델에서 우물손실은 P값에 따라 크게 좌우되었다. 선형과 비선형 모델을 통해 산정된 우물효율성의 차이는 다공질매질에서 1.56~14.89%, 단열암반층에서 8.73~24.71%를 보여 모델의 선택에 따라 상당한 오차를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 비선형의 최소제곱법을 적용한 회귀분석 방법이 모든 대수층의 단계양수시험 해석에 있어 매우 유용함을 확인하였다. Step-drawdown tests were conducted at four pumping Wells, two in porous media and two in fractured rocks, respectively. In general, P = 2.0 suggested by Jacob (1947) is applied to porous media and fractured rocks in terms of drawdowns of step-drawdown test. In an attempt to review problems of linear model (Jacob`s graphic method) in interpreting the step-draw down test, the outcomes of well parameters (aquifer loss coefficient (B), well loss coefficient (C) and well loss exponent (P)) calculated from linear and nonlinear model (Labadie and Helweg`s leastsquares method) were compared and analyzed. The values of C and P calculated from linear and nonlinear models differed according to permeability of aquifer and the conditions of pumping well. The value C obtained from nonlinear models in porous media and fractured rocks is about 100~10-2 and 10-3~10-6 times lower than in their linear models, respectively. The value P of porous media obtained from nonlinear model ranged from 2.123 to 2.775, while it ranged from 3.459 to 5.635 for fractured rocks. In case of nonlinear model, well loss highly depends on the value P. At this time, well efficiencies calculated from linear and nonlinear models were 1.56~14.89% for porous media and 8.73~24.71% for fractured rocks, showing a significant error according to chosen models. In nonlinear model, it was found that the regression analysis using the least squares method was very useful to interpret stepdrawdown test in all aquifer.

파이핑에 의한 하천제방 붕괴 메카니즘 분석 및 대책공법 평가

김진만(Jin-Man Kim),문인종(In-Jong Moon) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.3

제체 내 누수와 관련이 있는 파이핑(piping) 현상은 제방 내에 큰 공동이나 수로를 만들어 제체의 붕괴 및 부등 침하를 일으키고 최종적으로 하천제방의 붕괴를 초래한다. 따라서 파이핑 현상에 의한 제방 붕괴에 적절하게 대응하고, 이에 대한 적절한 대책공법을 마련하기 위해서는 파이핑 현상에 의한 제방 붕괴 메카니즘을 분석할 필요가 있다. 이 연구에서는 축소모형시험과 대형 모형시험을 수행하여 파이핑에 의한 제방 붕괴 형상 및 메카니즘을 분석하였으며, 침투압 시험을 수행하여 파이핑 대책공법으로 제안된 Hydraulic well의 침투압 분포 특성을 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 축소 모형시험을 통해 파이핑 안전율이 낮을수록 제방 붕괴 형상이 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, 대형 모형시험에서는 파이핑으로 인한 제방의 국부적인 손상 유형을 파악할 수 있었다. 또한 Hydraulic well의 침투압 시험을 통해 well의 중심 아래에서 파이핑 억제 효과가 가장 큰 것으로 평가되었다. 연구 결과의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해서 다양하고 연계성이 있는 모형시험 조건을 적용한 추가연구가 필요하지만, 이 연구는 파이핑에 의한 제방 붕괴 메카니즘 분석 및 대책공법 마련에 대한 기초 연구자료로 활용이 가능하다고 판단된다. The presence of piping in a levee body allows water seepage to occur by producing a large cavity or water tunnel within it, ultimately resulting in the failure of the river levee and differential settlement. In order to properly cope with river levee failure due to piping and establish a proper remediation method for this problem, it is necessary to analyze the failure mechanism of the river levee due to piping. Therefore, this study analyzed the shape and mechanism of river levee failure due to piping through small-scale and large-scale models and evaluated the seepage pressure distribution characteristics in the hydraulic well, which has been suggested as a remediation method for piping. According to the results of this study, as the safety factor for the piping in the river levee decreased, the river levee failure shape was more clearly shown through the small-scale model test. In the large-scale model test, the type of local damage to the levee due to the piping was identified and the evaluation showed that the hydraulic well had the largest effect on the inhibition of piping below the center of the well. A follow-up study is needed to confirm the reliability of the results. However, it is thought that this study can be utilized as the baseline data for research into the piping-induced river levee failure mechanism and for the preparation of a remediation method.

연계된 계통간의 최적 송전 용량 산정

손현일(Hyun-Il Son),배인수(In-Su Bae),전동훈(Dong-Hoon Jeon),김진오(Jin-O Kim) 대한전기학회 2010 전기학회논문지 Vol.59 No.4

As the electrical power industry is restructured, the electrical power exchange is becoming extended. One of the key information used to determine how much power can be transferred through the network is known as available transfer capability (ATC). To calculate ATC, traditional deterministic approach is based on the severest case, but the approach has the complexity of procedure. Therefore, novel approach for ATC calculation is proposed using cost-optimization method, well-being method and risk-benefit method in this paper. This paper proposes the optimal transfer capability of HVDC system between mainland and a separated island in Korea through these three methods. These methods will consider production cost, wheeling charge through HVDC system and outage cost with one depth (N-1 contingency).

Preparation of porous cordierite ceramic using a silica secondary resource (silica fumes) for dust filtration purposes

E.M.M. Ewais,A.M.M. Ameen,Y.M.Z. Ahmed 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.6

Cordierite-based porous ceramic samples were successfully prepared using a mixture composed of waste silica fumes, bauxite and talc via a polymeric sponge replica technique. Firstly, the optimum sintering conditions (in terms of sintering temperature and time) for acquiring as much of the cordierite phase with the absence of undesirable ones were determined for a dense mixture compact. The results revealed that a sintering temperature of 1350℃ and a sintering time of 2 h were the most appropriate conditions during cordierite synthesis. Secondly, the key role for the successful fabrication of a porous ceramic body via replica method is to prepare a well-dispersed suspension from the mixture of raw materials. Here the optimum conditions for preparing a well-dispersed suspension in terms of type and concentration of additives as well as suspension pH were evaluated. The using of 0.2% sodium silicate and a suspension pH of 8 were found to be the most favorable conditions for obtaining a well-dispersed suspension. Thirdly, in order to prepare porous cordierite, polyurethane foam was impregnated with a well-dispersed suspension and sintered at the optimum conditions conducted for a dense cordierite sample. The porous cordierite produced was found to possess 46.4% total porosity. The porosity was comprised of large and small interconnected pore surrounded by a web of ceramic. This structure is suitable for applications in filtering purposes. Cordierite-based porous ceramic samples were successfully prepared using a mixture composed of waste silica fumes, bauxite and talc via a polymeric sponge replica technique. Firstly, the optimum sintering conditions (in terms of sintering temperature and time) for acquiring as much of the cordierite phase with the absence of undesirable ones were determined for a dense mixture compact. The results revealed that a sintering temperature of 1350℃ and a sintering time of 2 h were the most appropriate conditions during cordierite synthesis. Secondly, the key role for the successful fabrication of a porous ceramic body via replica method is to prepare a well-dispersed suspension from the mixture of raw materials. Here the optimum conditions for preparing a well-dispersed suspension in terms of type and concentration of additives as well as suspension pH were evaluated. The using of 0.2% sodium silicate and a suspension pH of 8 were found to be the most favorable conditions for obtaining a well-dispersed suspension. Thirdly, in order to prepare porous cordierite, polyurethane foam was impregnated with a well-dispersed suspension and sintered at the optimum conditions conducted for a dense cordierite sample. The porous cordierite produced was found to possess 46.4% total porosity. The porosity was comprised of large and small interconnected pore surrounded by a web of ceramic. This structure is suitable for applications in filtering purposes.