대청호의 조류발생 분석

조완희 ( Wan Hee Cho ),염경택 ( Kyung Taek Yum ),김진수 ( Jin Soo Kim ),반양진 ( Yang Jin Ban ),정세웅 ( Se Woong Chung ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2012 환경영향평가 Vol.21 No.3

There are many long and round shape shores due to terrain characteristics in Daecheong reservoir. Therefore it is indicated different spatial distribution of algae every year since the stream is being regulated by these terrain characteristics and reservoir operation about inflow and outflow discharge. Also oversupply of nutrient salt from tributaries of Daecheong reservoir where pollutants were concentrated generates massive growth of algae and depending on hydrological, reservoir operation condition, those proliferated algae at the stagnant tributaries moves to the mainstream of Daecheong reservoir which could create problems of water quality. In this study, it was analyzed the tendency of algae generation by examining algae occurring status for the last 4 years since 2008, and implemented hydraulic analysis at Daecheong reservoir through numerical tracer simulation by applying 3-dimensional hydrodynamic model, ELCOM. Also it was implemented a quantitative analysis of causal relationship based on the algae generation tendency and hydraulic behavior at Daecheong reservoir. Through numerical tracer simulation in this study, it could be noticed the degree of spread of inflow indicated similar trend to the algae occurring status at Daecheong reservoir and verified the different tendency of algae generation in 2011 unlike previous year caused by the rise of water temperature.

Modelling the propagation of turbid density inflows into a stratified lake: Daecheong Reservoir, Korea

Chung, S.W.,Hipsey, M.R.,Imberger, J. Elsevier Science 2009 Environmental modelling & software Vol.24 No.12

Many reservoirs and associated downstream ecosystems located in the Asian monsoon climate region are under increased pressure from the long-term negative effects of turbid flood runoff. Despite the ubiquitous use of turbidity (C<SUB>T</SUB>) as a barometer of water quality and environmental ''health'', C<SUB>T</SUB> modelling studies have been rare due to lack of detailed experimental data required for validation. This study explored the fate and transport of a turbid density flow entering a stratified reservoir (Daecheong Reservoir, Korea) through application of a coupled three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic and particle dynamics model and subsequent validation of the predictions against an extensive data-set collected during the flood season of 2004. The turbidity model simulated multiple size groups of suspended sediment (SS) and used site-specific SS-C<SUB>T</SUB> relationships to convert between field measurements (C<SUB>T</SUB>) and model state variables (SS). The model showed good performance in reproducing the reservoir thermal structure, flood propagation dynamics and the magnitude and distribution of turbidity in the reservoir. The turbidity modelling framework developed in this study can be adopted within a real-time management system for forecasting of turbidity and to support adaptive control of withdrawal facilities in reservoirs that suffer from turbid flood runoff.

CE-QUAL-W2를 이용한 성층 저수지에서 CO₂의 시공간적 분포 및 물질수지 분석

박형석 ( Hyungseok Park ),정세웅 ( Sewoong Chung ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2020 한국물환경학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Dam reservoirs have been reported to contribute significantly to global carbon emissions, but unlike natural lakes, there is considerable uncertainty in calculating carbon emissions due to the complex of emission pathways. In particular, the method of calculating carbon dioxide (CO₂) net atmospheric flux (NAF) based on a simple gas exchange theory from sporadic data has limitations in explaining the spatiotemporal variations in the CO2 flux in stratified reservoirs. This study was aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal CO₂ distribution and mass balance in Daecheong Reservoir, located in the mid-latitude monsoon climate zone, by applying a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2). Simulation results showed that the Daecheong Reservoir is a heterotrophic system in which CO₂ is supersaturated as a whole and releases CO₂ to the atmosphere. Spatially, CO₂ emissions were greater in the lacustrine zone than in the riverine and transition zones. In terms of time, CO₂ emissions changed dynamically according to the temporal stratification structure of the reservoir and temporal variations of algae biomass. CO₂ emissions were greater at night than during the day and were seasonally greatest in winter. The CO₂ NAF calculated by the CE-QUAL-W2 model and the gas exchange theory showed a similar range, but there was a difference in the point of occurrence of the peak value. The findings provide useful information to improve the quantification of CO₂ emissions from reservoirs. In order to reduce the uncertainty in the estimation of reservoir carbon emissions, more precise monitoring in time and space is required.

Landsat 8 자료를 이용한 2018년 대청호에서의 총인 및 영양상태 평가지표 추정 및 평가

백종진(Jongjin Baik),박종민(Jongmin Park),최민하(Minha Choi) 대한환경공학회 2020 대한환경공학회지 Vol.42 No.9

목적 : 호소의 수질에 대한 공간적인 분포 파악의 중요성이 대두됨에 따라서 공간적인 파악이 가능한 원격탐사 기법이 요구되었다. 본 연구는 대청호에서의 수질인자에 대하여 산정하고 부영양화에 대한 분석을 하기 위하여 영양상태 평가지수를 파악하였다. 방법 : 대청호 측정 지점 중 2018년에 수질인자인 총인(Total Phosphorus, TP)을 관측하는 측정 데이터와 해당 시기의 Landsat 8에 대한 광학 영상을 확보하였다. 수집한 자료를 기반으로 Landsat 8의 밴드와 그 조합을 통해 단계적 다중 선형 회귀 분석(stepwise analysis)을 사용하여 인공위성 기반의 총인에 대한 회귀식을 산정하였다. 이렇게 산정된 총인에 대한 공간적 분포를 기반으로 Aizaki’s TSI를 산정함으로써 대청호의 영양상태를 평가하였다. 결과 및 토의 : 추정된 회귀식을 통해서 산정된 인공위성 기반의 TP와 지점 기반 TP의 통계학적 분석의 결과는 R²이 0.956, p-value는 0.022로 높은 수준의 유의성을 나타내었다. 지점 기반의 수질 측정 데이터의 시계열을 확인하면, 강우의 영향이 수질에 대한 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 영향은 인공위성 기반의 TSI의 결과에서도 확인할 수 있다. 인공위성 기반의 TSI의 결과에서 강우가 발생하기 전인 2018년 8월 22일에는 빈영양상태를 나타내고 있으며, 강우 발생 후에 관측된 2018년 10월 25일의 결과를 확인하면 중영양화 상태와 부영양 상태로 평가되었다. 결론 : 인공위성이 수질 관측에서 호소 내에서의 광역 감시 도구 역할을 할 수 있는 활용성 및 통찰력에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. Objectives : Remote sensing of water quality parameters (WQPs) has been widely applied along with the emerging importance of obtaining the spatial pattern of water quality at inland reservoir. This study retrieved the Total Phosphorus (TP) via remote sensing imagery at Daecheong reservoir and used it for acquiring the spatial distribution of Trophic State Index (TSI). Methods : First, stepwise regression for TP was established using the ground-based TP measurement and reflectance of Landsat 8 collocated in space and time. With the developed regression model, we estimated the spatial distribution of TSI and evaluated the severity of eutrophication at Daecheong reservoir. Results and Discussion : The result confirmed that predicted TP yielded reasonable statistics compared against measured TP with R2 of 0.956 and p-value of 0.022. Seasonal variation of TP was highly influenced by the precipitation. Similarly, precipitation also influenced to the spatial pattern of TSI. Before the rainfall event (e.g., August 22 2018) at Daecheong reservoir, TSI metric indicated the oligotrographic stage. However, TSI of Daecheong reservoir after the rainfall (e.g., October 25 2018) indicated the mesotrophic and eutrophic stage. Conclusions : These results confirmed that the retrieval of WQP from remote sensing imagery can serve as a robustness tool to monitor the water quality over the large scale area.

연구논문 : 지구온난화가 대청호 수온 및 성층구조에 미치는 영향예측

차윤철 ( Yoon Cheol Cha ),정세웅 ( Se Woong Chung ),윤성완 ( Sung Wan Yoon ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2013 환경영향평가 Vol.22 No.4

According to previous studies, the increased air temperature can lead to change of thermal stratification structure of lakes and reservoirs. The changed thermal stratification may result in alteration of materials and energy flow. The objective of this study was to predict the effect of climate change on the water temperature and stratification structure of Daecheong Reservoir, located in Geum River basin of Korea, using a three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model (ELCOM). A long-term (100 years) weather data set provided by the National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR) was used for forcing the 3D model. The model was applied to two different hydrological conditions, dry year (2001) and normal year (2004). It means that the effect of air temperature increase was only considered. Simulation results showed that the surface water temperature of the reservoir tend to increase in the future, and the establishment of thermal stratification can occur earlier and prolonged longer. As a result of heat flux analysis, the evaporative heat loss can increase in the future than now and before. However, the convective heat loss and net long wave radiation from water surface decreased due to increased air temperature.

ELCOM-CAEDYM을 이용한 대청호 Microcystis Bloom 해석

정세웅 ( Se Woong Chung ),이흥수 ( Heung Soo Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2011 한국물환경학회지 Vol.27 No.1

An abnormal mono-specific bloom of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa had developed at a specific location (transitional zone, monitoring station of Hoenam) in Daecheong Reservoir from middle of July to early August, 2001. The maximum cell counts during the peak bloom reached 1,477,500 cells/mL, which was more than 6~10 times greater than those at other monitoring sites. The hypothesis of this study is that the timing and location of the algal bloom was highly correlated with the local environmental niche that was controled by physical processes such as hydrodynamic mixing and pollutant transport in the reservoir. A three-dimensional, coupled hydrodynamic and ecological model, ELCOM-CAEDYM, was applied to the period of development and subsequent decline of the bloom. The model was calibrated against observed water temperature profiles and water quality variables for different locations, and applied to reproduce the algal bloom event and justify the limiting factor that controled the Microcystis bloom at R3. The simulation results supported the hypothesis that the phosphorus loading induced from a contaminated tributary during several runoff events are closely related to the rapid growth of Microcystis during the period of bloom. Also the physical environments of the reservoir such as a strong thermal stratification and weak wind velocity conditions provided competitive advantage to Microcystis given its light adaptation capability. The results show how the ELCOM-CAEDYM captures the complex interactions between the hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes, and the local environmental niche that is preferable for cyanobacterial species growth.

소옥천 유역의 오염제어 대책에 따른 대청호 조류저감 효과 분석

박형석,정세웅,윤성완,황현식 한국환경영향평가학회 2016 환경영향평가 Vol.25 No.4

This study was aimed to assess the effect of diverse pollutants control measures suggested in the Chuso basin and its upstream of So-oak stream watershed where are the most concerned areas on the control of algal bloom occurring in Daecheong Reservoir. The control measures were classified as watershed measures and in-reservoir measures, and their effects were simulated using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model. The watershed measures were made up of 1) point sources control, non-point sources control, and their combinations. The in-reservoir measures were supposed to treat sediment at Chuso basin and to install a phosphorus elimination plant (PEP) at the end of So-oak stream. The results showed that the effect of each measure was influenced by the hydrological condition of the year. In wet year, as the contribution of non-point sources increased, the non-point source control measures (NPS1~NPS4) showed more effective compared to other measures, while, the PEP system to eliminate phosphorus from So-oak stream showed better performance in dry year. In particular, the scenario of NPS1, in which all livestock manures were collected and treated but only chemical fertilizers (NPS1) were used for agriculture fields, showed the best performance for the control of algal bloom in Chuso basin among the watershed measures. 본 연구의 목적은 대청호의 녹조발생 저감을 위해 우심지역인 추소수역과 그 상류 소옥천 유역에서의 다양한 수질개선 대책들을 제시하고, 대책 시행 시 저수지 수질개선 효과를 평가하는데 있다. 대책별 모의 시나리오는 유역대책과 저수지 내 대책으로 분류하였으며, 시나리오별 녹조저감 효과는 2차원 수리·수질모델을 적용하여 모의하였다. 유역 대책은 점오염원, 비점오염원, 복합 대책으로 시나리오를 구성하였으며, 호내 대책은 추소수역의 퇴적물 처리 및 소옥천 유입수의 인 처리시설 설치를 고려하였다. 연구결과, 개별 대책의 녹조저감 효과는 수문상황에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 강우가 많은 해에는 비점오염부하량이 증가하여 비점오염원 저감대책(NPS1∼NPS4)이 효과적인 것으로 평가되었으며, 강우가 적은해에는 평상시 호 내로 유입하는 인의 유입부하를 저감하는 화학적 인처리시설 설치(LS2)가 효과적인 것으로 평가되었다. 특히, 유역에서 발생되는 축산 분뇨를 전량 수거·처리하고 농경지에는 표준시비량만을적용한 방안(NPS1)이 수질개선에 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

연구논문 : 기후변화에 따른 대청호 추동지점에서의 남조류 발생 패턴 분석

노성유 ( Sung Yu Noh ),박혜경 ( Hae Kyung Park ),최희락 ( Hee Lak Choi ),이재안 ( Jae An Lee ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2014 한국물환경학회지 Vol.30 No.4

To study the fluctuations and relationship in climate change, environmental factors and cyanobacteria communities, we investigated Chudong station of the Daechung reservoir. The average annual temperature showed the maximum value (13.9°C) from 1994, showed a gradually increasing pattern from 1969 to 2010 in the Daechung reservoir. The number of days with temperatures over 20°C, minimum temperature of the year and average temperature of the winter season patterns also showed a significant increase. The long-time changed in the annual precipitation were not showed a significant variation. The water temperature record comparatively high value in summer, declined in winter. At all period, the phytoplankton were highest biomass in July 2000, and then, showed comparative higher biomass in the summer months. Cyanobacteria taxa were also showed more than 50%. Emergence of cyanobacteria also appeared in November 2007, were prolonged emergence. The dominant genera of taxa were the dominant sphere (Microcystis spp.) until early 2000. After that, the dominant species were the dominant linear (Aphanizomenon spp., Anabaena spp.). Cyanobacteria were the most correlated with water temperature (r= 0.341, p<0.01) and phosphate concentration (r = 0.355, p<0.01).

대청호 발전방류수의 인·탁수 배출 역동성과 육수·수문학적 영향

신재기,황순진,Shin, Jae-Ki,Hwang, Soon-Jin 한국하천호수학회 2017 생태와 환경 Vol.50 No.1

대청호는 금강의 중 하류에 대댐(>15 m 높이) 건설로 만들어진 저수지이며, 방류시스템은 수문-여수로, 수력발전 방수로 및 취수탑을 가지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 저수지의 하류 댐에서 발생하는 탁수 감소, 녹조현상 및 빈 영양 상태에 대한 육수학적 의문점을 파악하기 위한 것이었고, 수문 기상학적 요인을 중심으로 비교분석 하였다. 현장조사는 2000년 1월부터 12월까지 댐과 발전방류구 지점에서 1주 간격으로 수행하였다. 강수량은 유입량, 방류량 및 수위변동과 밀접한 관련성을 보였다. 강우패턴은 장마와 태풍호우에 의존적이었고, 유량, 탁도의 증가는 강우 빈도보다 강도에 더욱 중요하게 반응하였다. 저수지의 수층별 수온과 DO 변동은 기상 수문학적 영향이 컸고, 수온성층, 밀도류 및 방류에 기초 한 수위변동이 주요한 원인으로 작용하였다. 수문 및 발전방류는 각각 수체의 유동과 탁수 영양염의 배출을 유도하였다. 특히, 저층수에서 저산소 또는 빈산소일 때, 발전방류는 저질층에서 용출되는 인(P)을 댐 하류 하천으로 유출하는 데 크게 기여하였다. 또한, 연중 지속적으로 가동되는 발전방류수는 저수지의 하류(정수대)를 저영양 상태로 만들 수 있는 주된 요인이었다. 그리고 저수지의 하류에서 발생하는 녹조현상은 수문-여수로 방류 때 상류의 수체가 하류로 이송 및 확산된 결과이었다. 발전방류수는 저수지 생태계의 물리, 화학 및 생물학적 요인에 시공간적 영향을 광역적으로 미칠 수 있는 중요성과 역동성을 포함하고 있었다. Daecheong Reservoir was made by the construction of a large dam (>15 m in height) on the middle to downstream of the Geum River and the discharge systems have the watergate-spillway (WS), a hydropower penstock (HPP), and two intake towers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the limnological anomalies of turbid water reduction, green algae phenomenon, and oligotrophic state in the lower part of reservoir dam site, and compared with hydro-meteorological factors. Field surveys were conducted in two stations of near dam and the outlet of HPP with one week intervals from January to December 2000. Rainfall was closely related to the fluctuations of inflow, outflow and water level. The rainfall pattern was depended on the storm of monsoon and typhoon, and the increase of discharge and turbidity responded more strongly to the intensity than the frequency. Water temperature and DO fluctuations within the reservoir water layer were influenced by meteorological and hydrological events, and these were mainly caused by water level fluctuation based on temperature stratification, density current and discharge types. The discharges of WS and HPP induced to the flow of water bodies and the outflows of turbid water and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Especially, when hypoxic or low-oxygen condition was present in the bottom water, the discharge through HPP has contributed significantly to the outflow of phosphorus released from the sediment into the downstream of dam. In addition, HPP effluent which be continuously operated throughout the year, was the main factor that could change to a low trophic level in the downreservoir (lacustrine zone). And water-bloom (green-tide) occurring in the lower part of reservoir was the result that the water body of upreservoir being transported and diffused toward the downreseroir, when discharging through the WS. Finally, the hydropower effluent was included the importance and dynamics that could have a temporal and spatial impacts on the physical, chemical and biological factors of the reservoir ecosystem.

대청호 발전방류수의 인 · 탁수 배출 역동성과 육수 · 수문학적 영향

신재기,황순진 한국수생태학회(구 한국하천호수학회) 2017 생태와 환경 Vol.50 No.1

Daecheong Reservoir was made by the construction of a large dam (>15 m in height) on the middle to downstream of the Geum River and the discharge systems have the watergate-spillway (WS), a hydropower penstock (HPP), and two intake towers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the limnological anomalies of turbid water reduction, green algae phenomenon, and oligotrophic state in the lower part of reservoir dam site, and compared with hydro-meteorological factors. Field surveys were conducted in two stations of near dam and the outlet of HPP with one week intervals from January to December 2000. Rainfall was closely related to the fluctuations of inflow, outflow and water level. The rainfall pattern was depended on the storm of monsoon and typhoon, and the increase of discharge and turbidity responded more strongly to the intensity than the frequency. Water temperature and DO fluctuations within the reservoir water layer were influenced by meteorological and hydrological events, and these were mainly caused by water level fluctuation based on temperature stratification, density current and discharge types. The discharges of WS and HPP induced to the flow of water bodies and the outflows of turbid water and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Especially, when hypoxic or low-oxygen condition was present in the bottom water, the discharge through HPP has contributed significantly to the outflow of phosphorus released from the sediment into the downstream of dam. In addition, HPP effluent which be continuously operated throughout the year, was the main factor that could change to a low trophic level in the downreservoir (lacustrine zone). And water-bloom (green-tide) occurring in the lower part of reservoir was the result that the water body of upreservoir being transported and diffused toward the downreseroir, when discharging through the WS. Finally, the hydropower effluent was included the importance and dynamics that could have a temporal and spatial impacts on the physical, chemical and biological factors of the reservoir ecosystem.