義安大君李和의 功臣歷에 대한 고찰

천성래 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2014 동방학 Vol.31 No.-

본 논문은 ‘여말 선초 의안대군 이화의 공신력’에 대한 고찰로서, 고 려 말에서 조선 초기는 왕조의 폐망과 개국으로의 변화가 극심했던 시 기로서 공신 의안대군 이화의 활동을 중심으로 공신력을 살펴 본 것이 다. 여말선초 위화도 회군과 조선의 개국, 제1차, 제2차 왕자의 난으로 국내외적으로 위기 상황에서 이화는 결정적인 공을 세웠고 그것은 그가 여말선초 4대공신이라는 기록적인 의미로 남게 되었다. 고려의 멸망과 조선의 건국이라는 미명아래 많은 공신들이 탄생할 수밖에 없었고 공신 도감을 설치하여 공신에 대한 업무를 관장하게 하였을 정도이다. 여말 선초의 최대 공신인 이화는 태조 이성계의 이복동생으로서 회군 공신, 개국공신, 정사공신, 좌명공신 등 4대 공신에 책봉되며, 당대 최대 의 특혜를 누린 인물이다. 그는 이성계의 최측근에서 여러 환난을 슬기 롭게 극복하고 행동하는 왕족으로서 고려 말 조선 초기의 실제적 힘이 되었다. 그는 영삼사사를 지내고 마침내 영의정이 되었으나 그에 대한 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 의안대군 이화의 행적을 통해 여말선초의 공신에 대해 살펴보고, 공신에 대한 특혜와 공신의 위차 등에 대한 차이를 살펴 보는데 의미가 있다고 하겠다. 이를 통해 우리 역사 속에 숨어 드러나지 않았던 태조 이성계의 이복동생 의안대군 이화에 대한 생애를 더듬어 보고, 왕족으로서 위기의 순간에 역동적인 행동을 통해 성리학으로 무 장한 신흥사대부와 더불어 조선의 정통성 확립을 이룩한 이면의 무인정 신을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. As a part of examination into vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, this study sought to investigate history about vassals of merit primarily in terms of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa's meritorious activities during such period of transition where extreme changes occurred with collapse of former dynasty as well as foundation of new dynasty. Yi Hwa rendered his distinguished services even under critical situations - whether national or international - accompanied with troop withdrawal at Wihwado, foundation of Joseon dynasty and two prince revolts (1st and 2nd). And his services gave a historical implication that he was one of 4 great vassals of merit during such a period of transition in Korean history. Under the guise of Goryeo Dynasty's collapse and Joseon Dynasty's foundation, it was inevitable that there were many vassals of merit produced during this critical period, and royal family granted proper favors to those vassals with stipend for vassals of merit. In particular, Joseon Dynasty installed even a governmental office for vassals of merit to supervise general affairs about vassals of merit. It may be definitely to say that Euian Daegun Yi Hwa was the greatest vassal of merit during the period of transition from Goryeo to Joseon. He was a half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye, the founder of Joseon Dynasty. Yi Hwa was invested as the vassal of 4 great merits in contribution to troop withdrawal, new dynasty foundation, affairs of state and assistance in making Yi Seong-gye the first king of Joseon dynasty, so he could enjoy the greatest favor granted by the governmental authority of his contemporary dynasty. Yi Hwa was a royal family member who stood nearest by Yi Seong-gye and got over a series of hardships wisely with bold actions, so he could play a role as real contributor to founding Joseon Dynasty after collapse of Goryeo Dynasty. According to historical documents, he took up Yeongsamsasa and was finally appointed as Yeong-euijeong, the prime minister of Joseon Dynasty, but there was very few studies focusing on his presence in the history. Therefore, this study has its implications in that it addresses the historical activities of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa to examine vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, and determine any differences in special favors and order of ranks for the vassal of merit. Thus, it is expected that we will be able to explore the lifetime of Yi Hwa, a covered half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye in Korean history, and will be able to examine Yi Hwa's dynamic actions as royal family at critical moments of historical transition, so that we may find out the military spirit of a vassal behind his meritorious contribution to establishing the legitimacy of Joseon Dynasty in collaboration with emerging gentry armed with the philosophy of Neo-confucianism.

義安大君 李和의 功臣歷에 대한 고찰

천성래 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2014 동방학 Vol.30 No.-

본 논문은 ‘여말 선초 의안대군 이화의 공신력’에 대한 고찰로서, 고려 말에서 조선 초기는 왕조의 폐망과 개국으로의 변화가 극심했던 시기로서 공신 의안대군 이화의 활동을 중심으로 공신력을 살펴 본 것이다. 여말선초 위화도 회군과 조선의 개국, 제1차, 제2차 왕자의 난으로 국내외적으로 위기 상황에서 이화는 결정적인 공을 세웠고 그것은 그가 여말선초 4대공신이라는 기록적인 의미로 남게 되었다. 고려의 멸망과 조선의 건국이라는 미명아래 많은 공신들이 탄생할 수밖에 없었고 공신도감을 설치하여 공신에 대한 업무를 관장하게 하였을 정도이다. 여말 선초의 최대 공신인 이화는 태조 이성계의 이복동생으로서 회군공신, 개국공신, 정사공신, 좌명공신 등 4대 공신에 책봉되며, 당대 최대의 특혜를 누린 인물이다. 그는 이성계의 최측근에서 여러 환난을 슬기롭게 극복하고 행동하는 왕족으로서 고려 말 조선 초기의 실제적 힘이 되었다. 그는 영삼사사를 지내고 마침내 영의정이 되었으나 그에 대한 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 의안대군 이화의 행적을 통해 여말선초의 공신에 대해 살펴보고, 공신에 대한 특혜와 공신의 위차 등에 대한 차이를 살펴보는데 의미가 있다고 하겠다. 이를 통해 우리 역사 속에 숨어 드러나지 않았던 태조 이성계의 이복동생 의안대군 이화에 대한 생애를 더듬어 보고, 왕족으로서 위기의 순간에 역동적인 행동을 통해 성리학으로 무장한 신흥사대부와 더불어 조선의 정통성 확립을 이룩한 이면의 무인정신을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. As a part of examination into vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, this study sought to investigate history about vassals of merit primarily in terms of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa's meritorious activities during such period of transition where extreme changes occurred with collapse of former dynasty as well as foundation of new dynasty. Yi Hwa rendered his distinguished services even under critical situations - whether national or international - accompanied with troop withdrawal at Wihwado, foundation of Joseon dynasty and two prince revolts (1st and 2nd). And his services gave a historical implication that he was one of 4 great vassals of merit during such a period of transition in Korean history. Under the guise of Goryeo Dynasty's collapse and Joseon Dynasty's foundation, it was inevitable that there were many vassals of merit produced during this critical period, and royal family granted proper favors to those vassals with stipend for vassals of merit. In particular, Joseon Dynasty installed even a governmental office for vassals of merit to supervise general affairs about vassals of merit. It may be definitely to say that Euian Daegun Yi Hwa was the greatest vassal of merit during the period of transition from Goryeo to Joseon. He was a half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye, the founder of Joseon Dynasty. Yi Hwa was invested as the vassal of 4 great merits in contribution to troop withdrawal, new dynasty foundation, affairs of state and assistance in making Yi Seong-gye the first king of Joseon dynasty, so he could enjoy the greatest favor granted by the governmental authority of his contemporary dynasty. Yi Hwa was a royal family member who stood nearest by Yi Seong-gye and got over a series of hardships wisely with bold actions, so he could play a role as real contributor to founding Joseon Dynasty after collapse of Goryeo Dynasty. According to historical documents, he took up Yeongsamsasa and was finally appointed as Yeong-euijeong, the prime minister of Joseon Dynasty, but there was very few studies focusing on his presence in the history. Therefore, this study has its implications in that it addresses the historical activities of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa to examine vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, and determine any differences in special favors and order of ranks for the vassal of merit. Thus, it is expected that we will be able to explore the lifetime of Yi Hwa, a covered half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye in Korean history, and will be able to examine Yi Hwa's dynamic actions as royal family at critical moments of historical transition, so that we may find out the military spirit of a vassal behind his meritorious contribution to establishing the legitimacy of Joseon Dynasty in collaboration with emerging gentry armed with the philosophy of Neo-confucianism.

일반논문 : 의안대군이화(義安大君李和)의 공신력(功臣歷)에 대한 고찰

천성래 ( Seong Rai Cheon ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2014 동방학 Vol.30 No.-

본 논문은 "여말 선초 의안대군 이화의 공신력"에 대한 고찰로서, 고려 말에서 조선 초기는 왕조의 폐망과 개국으로의 변화가 극심했던 시기로서 공신 의안대군 이화의 활동을 중심으로 공신력을 살펴 본 것이다. 여말선초 위화도 회군과 조선의 개국, 제1차, 제2차 왕자의 난으로 국내외적으로 위기 상황에서 이화는 결정적인 공을 세웠고 그것은 그가 여말선초 4대공신이라는 기록적인 의미로 남게 되었다. 고려의 멸망과 조선의 건국이라는 미명아래 많은 공신들이 탄생할 수밖에 없었고 공신도감을 설치하여 공신에 대한 업무를 관장하게 하였을 정도이다. 여말 선초의 최대 공신인 이화는 태조 이성계의 이복동생으로서 회군공신, 개국공신, 정사공신, 좌명공신 등 4대 공신에 책봉되며, 당대 최대의 특혜를 누린 인물이다. 그는 이성계의 최측근에서 여러 환난을 슬기롭게 극복하고 행동하는 왕족으로서 고려 말 조선 초기의 실제적 힘이 되었다. 그는 영삼사사를 지내고 마침내 영의정이 되었으나 그에 대한연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 의안대군 이화의 행적을 통해 여말선초의 공신에 대해 살펴보고, 공신에 대한 특혜와 공신의 위차 등에 대한 차이를 살펴보는데 의미가 있다고 하겠다. 이를 통해 우리 역사 속에 숨어 드러나지 않았던 태조 이성계의 이복동생 의안대군 이화에 대한 생애를 더듬어보고, 왕족으로서 위기의 순간에 역동적인 행동을 통해 성리학으로 무장한 신흥사대부와 더불어 조선의 정통성 확립을 이룩한 이면의 무인정신을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. As a part of examination into vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, this study sought to investigate history about vassals of merit primarily in terms of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa`s meritorious activities during such period of transition where extreme changes occurred with collapse of former dynasty as well as foundation of new dynasty. Yi Hwa rendered his distinguished services even under critical situations-whether national or international-accompanied with troop withdrawal at Wihwado, foundation of Joseon dynasty and two prince revolts(1st and 2nd). And his services gave a historical implication that he was one of 4 great vassals of merit during such a period of transition in Korean history. Under the guise of Goryeo Dynasty`s collapse and Joseon Dynasty`s foundation, it was inevitable that there were many vassals of merit produced during this critical period, and royal family granted proper favors to those vassals with stipend for vassals of merit. In particular, Joseon Dynasty installed even a governmental office for vassals of merit to supervise general affairs about vassals of merit. It may be definitely to say that Euian Daegun Yi Hwa was the greatest vassal of merit during the period of transition from Goryeo to Joseon. He was a half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye, the founder of Joseon Dynasty. Yi Hwa was invested as the vassal of 4 great merits in contribution to troop withdrawal, new dynasty foundation, affairs of state and assistance in making Yi Seong-gye the first king of Joseon dynasty, so he could enjoy the greatest favor granted by the governmental authority of his contemporary dynasty. Yi Hwa was a royal family member who stood nearest by Yi Seong-gye and got over a series of hardships wisely with bold actions, so he could play a role as real contributor to founding Joseon Dynasty after collapse of Goryeo Dynasty. According to historical documents, he took up Yeongsamsasa and was finally appointed as Yeong-euijeong, the prime minister of Joseon Dynasty, but there was very few studies focusing on his presence in the history. Therefore, this study has its implications in that it addresses the historical activities of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa to examine vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, and determine any differences in special favors and order of ranks for the vassal of merit. Thus, it is expected that we will be able to explore the lifetime of Yi Hwa, a covered half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye in Korean history, and will be able to examine Yi Hwa``s dynamic actions as royal family at critical moments of historical transition, so that we may find out the military spirit of a vassal behind his meritorious contribution to establishing the legitimacy of Joseon Dynasty in collaboration with emerging gentry armed with the philosophy of Neo-confucianism.

河寧君 李穰의 家系와 政治活動

지두환 국민대학교 한국학연구소 2015 한국학논총 Vol.44 No.-

Through a study of changes in political forces, politics, economy, society, ideology, and culture of the early Joseon Dynasty (15th century), it can be seen that it was during the reign of King Sejo that reformation efforts, which had been sustained during the reigns of King Sejong and King Seongjong, became distorted for a time. King Munjong died in the 2nd year of his reign at the age of 39, only 2.3 years after ascending to the throne, and Danjong was crowned the 6th king of the Joseon Dynasty at the age of 12. This led to the royal family and the royal court being divided into two groups : one seeking to protect the young king and the other seeking to drive him out and usurp the throne. The royal family was once again divided into two forces: one led by Grand Prince Anpyong, the 3rd son of King Sejong, who wanted to protect King Danjong, and the other led by Grand Prince Suyang, his 2nd son, who wanted to kill Danjong and seize the throne. The royal court was likewise divided into two forces: one centering around Yeongeuijeong (Chief State Councilor) Hwang Bo In and Uuijeong (Right State Councilor) Kim Jong Seo, who wanted to protect Danjong, as instructed by the last words of Munjong, and the other centering around Han Myung Hoi and Kwon Ram who wished to usurp the throne. The royal relatives wishing to protect Danjong included the families of Grand Prince Geumseong, the Yeongbin Gang' son prince Hwaui and the Hyebin Yang's two son Prince Hannam and Prince Yungcheon. Futhermore Prince Haryung Lee Yang, Grand Prince Uian's grandson, take part in Grand Prince Geumseong's group. Grand Prince Uian, the half brother of King Taejo, was best founding contributor and his grandson Prince Haryung assist with King Sejong-Munjong-Danjong build a stable foundation of Joseon Dynasty. So King Sejo certainly murder the whole family of Prince Haryung's Family, in order to his usurp. Eventually, King Sejo wipe out 16 people, Prince Hayrung LeeYang's brother, sons and nephews. It is self-evident that King Sejo usurped the throne by wiping out the relatives and clans of the royal family who wished to protect and strengthen the royal authority. It is also obvious that the royal authority, rather than being strengthened, was controlled by the forces that contributed to Sejo’s usurpation, such as Han Myong Hoi and Kwon Ram as well as Sejo's maternal relatives once he ascended to the throne. For such a reason, I think we must review the group enshrine Jangneung Royal Tomb, belong Prince Haryung. Because that group protect Danjogn and royal authority in the process of King Sejo's usurp and realize an ideal society sought at Sejong-Munjong's reign. 앞에서 하령군 이양의 가계와 정치활동을 살펴보았다. 세조집권 과정에서 왕실 종친으로 대군으로 단종을 보호하려는 세종의 셋째 아들 안평대군(安平大君, 1418∼1453)과 단종 복위를 주도한 여섯째 아들 금성대군(錦城大君, 1426∼1457) 세력이 있었다. 그리고 이러한 대군을 따르는 왕자군으로 영빈 강씨 아들 화의군 이영과 혜빈 양씨 아들 한남군 이어, 영천군 이전이 있었다. 게다가 태조의 이복동생으로 태종을 도와 조선개국과 태종 집권에 핵심적인 역할을 하였던 의안대군 이화의 손자인 하령군 이양이 있었다. 하령군 이양의 정치활동은 세종 문종 단종을 도와 조선 왕조가 오백년을 유지하는 기반을 닦는데 커다란 기여를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그래서 세조는 찬탈 과정에서 태종을 도와 공신이 된 의안대군 이화의 손자인 하령군 이양 집안을 몰살하지 않고는 찬탈을 할 수 없었다. 결국 하령군 이양을 비롯하여 이양의 동생 아들 조카 16인이 죽는 비극이 일어났다. 이처럼 세조는 왕권을 지키고 왕권을 강화하는 왕실 종친 세력을 몰살하면서 찬탈을 하였다는 것이 자명하게 드러났다. 그래서 오히려 세조대 이후는 왕권 강화보다는 한명회 권람 등 세조찬탈 공신 세력과 외척 세력이 훈척으로 왕권을 좌우하는 시기가 되었던 것이 자명해졌다. 이렇게 볼 때 세조찬탈과정에서 단종을 보호하여 왕권을 지키며 세종 문종대 추구했던 이상사회를 완성하기 위해 개혁을 주도하려 했던 하령군 이양 등 장릉배식단에 모셔진 순절세력에 대한 재조명이 이루어져야 한다고 생각된다.