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신혜양 ( Hye Yang Shin ) 성신여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 人文科學硏究 Vol.31 No.-
It is supposed that gender equality is nowadays both legally and socially a reality. However, this is not the case, especially in academia. Women encounter gender inequality when it comes to having a scholarly career or gaining employment. The number of women professors being employed at the tertiary level is indicative of gender inequality. Women professors in Germany constitute 19.9 percent of the university faculty, which is comparable to the 21.7 percent for Korean universities; gender inequality is apparent in both Germany and Korea. In this premise, the purpose of the present paper is to review the types of women scholars described by Macha and their strategies and difficulties in academia. In connection, the more developed policies of the German government and universities for women scholars are examined to shed light on how such policies can be implemented in the Korean context. Since 2000, German universities, through gender mainstreaming and its goal of gender equality, have created and put into practice policies which support women scholars. Correspondingly, Korean universities can follow these measures to support women scholars in Korea.
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김필영 한국독일사학회 2019 독일연구 Vol.- No.40
In the age of globalization, cultural contacts are increasing among people from different cultural backgrounds. It seems demanding to overcome the idea that ‘culture’ is a homogenized and separate unit. Even so, a mono-cultural category and a separated cultural tradition coexist in many people’s minds as ever. How does personal border crossing experience affect these cultural understandings? This paper examines the development of intercultural and transcultural interactions or hybrid cultures through intercultural contacts in case of André Eckardt (1884-1974). Eckardt’s experience beyond the cultural border for the first time as a German missionary in Korea and as a scholar of Korean Studies in Germany later led him from the stage of perceiving Korean culture on the basis of his self-culture, the German culture to the stage of focusing on the interaction of the two cultures. Eckardt as a missionary in Korea had a dichotomous thinking and searched for contrasts and comparisons of the two cultures. However, he also paid attention to ‘cultural hybridity’ in cultures. Eckardt as a Koreanologist in Germany crossed ‘really’ national and cultural borders and demonstrated intercultural and transcultural interactions with the changes of his research foci from ‘unilateral’ to ‘mutual’ and ‘hybrid.’ He became a mediator of the two cultures in his life working as a German missionary in Korea and Koreanologist in Germany. As seen from the results of this study that were derived from personal case of Eckardt, the national and cultural borders seem to be ‘mobile’ and ‘variable’. That is, there is always movement beyond the borders wherever and whenever the encounters occur. When more people cross national and cultural borders and their experiences are spreaded into a wider world, we can certainly expect discrimination, exclusion, and racism that resulted from the national and cultural borders will disappear someday.
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