Beyond Cultural Border : German Missionary in Korea, Koreanologist in Germany, André Eckardt (1884-1974)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the age of globalization, cultural contacts are increasing among people from different cultural backgrounds. It seems demanding to overcome the idea that ‘culture’ is a homogenized and separate unit. Even so, a mono-cultural category and a separated cultural tradition coexist in many people’s minds as ever.
How does personal border crossing experience affect these cultural understandings? This paper examines the development of intercultural and transcultural interactions or hybrid cultures through intercultural contacts in case of André Eckardt (1884-1974).
Eckardt’s experience beyond the cultural border for the first time as a German missionary in Korea and as a scholar of Korean Studies in Germany later led him from the stage of perceiving Korean culture on the basis of his self-culture, the German culture to the stage of focusing on the interaction of the two cultures. Eckardt as a missionary in Korea had a dichotomous thinking and searched for contrasts and comparisons of the two cultures. However, he also paid attention to ‘cultural hybridity’ in cultures.
Eckardt as a Koreanologist in Germany crossed ‘really’ national and cultural borders and demonstrated intercultural and transcultural interactions with the changes of his research foci from ‘unilateral’ to ‘mutual’ and ‘hybrid.’ He became a mediator of the two cultures in his life working as a German missionary in Korea and Koreanologist in Germany.
As seen from the results of this study that were derived from personal case of Eckardt, the national and cultural borders seem to be ‘mobile’ and ‘variable’. That is, there is always movement beyond the borders wherever and whenever the encounters occur. When more people cross national and cultural borders and their experiences are spreaded into a wider world, we can certainly expect discrimination, exclusion, and racism that resulted from the national and cultural borders will disappear someday.

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