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Income Distribution and the Business Cycle in Germany: A Semiparametric Approach
Andos JUHÁ,SZ 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2016 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.7 No.1
The question of how the distribution of income is influenced by the state of the economy is important for understanding the economic mechanisms linking micro- and macro-level variables. There is no generally applicable theory on how the distribution of household incomes is influenced by changed macroeconomic conditions. This paper adapts an empirical approach in order to investigate this relationship by employing a semi-parametric double-index model without restrictions on the shape of the link function between indices of household- and macro-level variables. We conclude that the link function is non-trivial and non-additive, meaning that the influence of macroeconomic conditions (i.e. GDP, inflation, government expenditure or unemployment) is likely to vary with household characteristics. The influence found is small, but in parts significant, drawing a comprehensive picture of potential link-mechanisms.
Fü,lö,p, Tamá,s,Nemes, Ré,ka,Mé,szá,ros, Tamá,s,Urbanics, Rudolf,Kok, Robbert Jan,Jackman, Joshua A.,Cho, Nam-Joon,Storm, Gert,Szebeni, Já,nos Elsevier 2018 Journal of controlled release Vol.270 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. Some polymer-coated SPIONs, however, share with many other nanoparticles the potential of causing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) known as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates – factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Stylized facts in social networks: Community-based static modeling
Jo, Hang-Hyun,Murase, Yohsuke,Tö,rö,k, Já,nos,Kerté,sz, Já,nos,Kaski, Kimmo Elsevier 2018 PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIO Vol.500 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The past analyses of datasets of social networks have enabled us to make empirical findings of a number of aspects of human society, which are commonly featured as stylized facts of social networks, such as broad distributions of network quantities, existence of communities, assortative mixing, and intensity-topology correlations. Since the understanding of the structure of these complex social networks is far from complete, for deeper insight into human society more comprehensive datasets and modeling of the stylized facts are needed. Although the existing dynamical and static models can generate some stylized facts, here we take an alternative approach by devising a community-based static model with heterogeneous community sizes and larger communities having smaller link density and weight. With these few assumptions we are able to generate realistic social networks that show most stylized facts for a wide range of parameters, as demonstrated numerically and analytically. Since our community-based static model is simple to implement and easily scalable, it can be used as a reference system, benchmark, or testbed for further applications.</P>
Pinsonneault, Marc H.,Elsworth, Yvonne,Epstein, Courtney,Hekker, Saskia,Mé,szá,ros, Sz.,Chaplin, William J.,Johnson, Jennifer A.,Garcí,a, Rafael A.,Holtzman, Jon,Mathur, Savita,Garc& IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.215 No.2
<P>We present the first APOKASC catalog of spectroscopic and asteroseismic properties of 1916 red giants observed in the Kepler fields. The spectroscopic parameters provided from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment project are complemented with asteroseismic surface gravities, masses, radii, and mean densities determined by members of the Kepler Asteroseismology Science Consortium. We assess both random and systematic sources of error and include a discussion of sample selection for giants in the Kepler fields. Total uncertainties in the main catalog properties are of the order of 80 K in Teff, 0.06 dex in [M/ H], 0.014 dex in log g, and 12% and 5% in mass and radius, respectively; these reflect a combination of systematic and random errors. Asteroseismic surface gravities are substantially more precise and accurate than spectroscopic ones, and we find good agreement between their mean values and the calibrated spectroscopic surface gravities. There are, however, systematic underlying trends with Teff and log g. Our effective temperature scale is between 0 and 200 K cooler than that expected from the infrared flux method, depending on the adopted extinction map, which provides evidence for a lower value on average than that inferred for the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). We find a reasonable correspondence between the photometric KIC and spectroscopic APOKASC metallicity scales, with increased dispersion in KIC metallicities as the absolute metal abundance decreases, and offsets in T-eff and log g consistent with those derived in the literature. We present mean fitting relations between APOKASC and KIC observables and discuss future prospects, strengths, and limitations of the catalog data.</P>
Koó,s, Antal A.,Vancsó,, Pé,ter,Magda, Gá,bor Z.,Osvá,th, Zoltá,n,Kerté,sz, Krisztiá,n,Dobrik, Gergely,Hwang, Chanyong,Tapasztó,, Levente,Bir&oacu Elsevier 2016 Carbon Vol.105 No.-
<P>Heterostructures of 2D materials are expected to become building blocks of next generation nanoelectronic devices. Therefore, the detailed understanding of their interfaces is of particular importance. In order to gain information on the properties of the graphene - MoS2 system, we have investigated MoS2 sheets grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as a model system with atomically clean interface. The results are compared with results reported recently for MoS2 grown on epitaxial graphene on SiC. Our STM study revealed that the crystallographic orientation of MoS2 sheets is determined by the orientation of the underlying graphite lattice. This epitaxial orientation preference is so strong that the MoS2 flakes could be moved on HOPG with the STM tip over large distances without rotation. The electronic properties of the MoS2 flakes have been investigated using tunneling spectroscopy. A significant modification of the electronic structure has been revealed at flake edges and grain boundaries. These features are expected to have an important influence on the performance of nanoelectronic devices. We have also demonstrated the ability of the STM to define MoS2 nanoribbons down to 12 nm width, which can be used as building blocks for future nanoelectronic devices. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>