Dietary Selection of Fat by Heat-stressed Broiler Chickens

Zulkifli, I.,Htin, Nwe Nwe,Alimon, A.R.,Loh, T.C.,Hair-Bejo, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.2

A total of 160 d-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were brooded for three weeks and then maintained at $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Commencing from d 21, chicks were assigned to one of four feeding regimens: (1) diet with 8% palm oil (PO), (2) diet with 8% soybean oil (SO), (3) diet without added fat (control), (4) a choice of PO, SO and control (CH). The diets were formulated to maintain a constant ratio of energy and protein. From d 28 to 41, all birds were exposed to $34{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The PO, SO and CH birds had greater body weight than controls on d 42. The PO but not SO diet reduced mortality rate, body temperature and serum creatine kinase level of broiler chickens during heat exposure. Although the total intake of control, PO and SO diets was not significantly different during heat exposure, the CH birds had lower creatine kinase activity and mortality rate than those provided SO diet but not significantly different from the birds fed control and PO diets. The relative abdominal fat weight and breast intramuscular fat content percentage were significantly lower in the control birds than those of PO, SO and CH groups. There were no significant differences in both parameters among the three latter groups. These findings suggest that the uncertainty of how much dietary fat to put into diets for heat stressed broilers can be overcome by allowing them to select their own consumption.

Dietary Supplementation of Betaine (Betafin<SUP>Ⓡ</SUP>) and Response to High Temperature Stress in Male Broiler Chickens

Zulkifli, I.,Mysahra, S.A.,Jin, L.Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.2

The effects of supplemental betaine ($Betafin^{(R)}$) in the drinking water (50 g/kg) (WB) or feed (100 g/kg) (FB) were investigated on male broiler chickens ($Cobb{\times}Cobb$) exposed to 4 h episodes of heat stress at $34{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ on day (d) 35 and $36{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ from d 36 to 41. Prior to (d 1 to 34) and following heat exposure (d 35 to 41), betaine supplementation had no significant effect on body weight, total feed intake and cumulative feed conversion ratios of broilers. The total water intake of WB chicks was lower compared to controls. Prior to heat exposure, there was no difference in percentage of mortality among the three dietary groups. Following the heat challenge period, although higher percentage of control chicks succumbed to the heat challenge as compared to those of WB, it was not significantly different. The WB and FB chicks were less hyperthermic than controls in response to the heat challenge. Irrespective of treatment groups, the heat treatment resulted in a marked elevation in heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (HLR). The WB birds, however, had smaller increase in HLR than those of controls during heat exposure. Antibody production against Newcastle disease vaccine on day 35 was not affected by betaine supplementation. On d 42, WB birds had higher antibody production than those of FB. It is concluded that the WB treatment, as measured by HLR, antibody production and mortality rate, has advantages over the FB group under heat stress conditions.

Skin Colour Discourse on the Internet: A Content Analysis of Blog Entries by Malaysian Bloggers

( Zulkifli Zulfati Izazi ) 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2021 東南亞硏究 Vol.31 No.2

The article is exploring the ideology of skin colour as portrayed by Malaysian bloggers through their blogging platforms. Colourism is regarded as a process that privileges light skin over dark. It is believed that the ideology of light skin and it’s superiority is previously constructed by the traditional media. However, given the availability of the new media, the representation of skin colour is expected to provide a contrastive view. A content analysis is conducted towards a number of 15 blog entries that are addressing the subject of skin colour. The findings revealed five significant themes that are observed to be emerging on the discourse of skin colour made by the bloggers; namely negative experiences, the standard of beauty, the media’s influence, personal preferences, and the obsession for light skin. It is discovered that through the independent and unregulated blog contents, a positive perspective that emphasize in respecting skin colour as they stand is identified; however, the influence of the existing ideology that privileged light skin over dark is found to remain substantial.

Responses of Choice-Fed Red Jungle Fowl and Commercial Broiler Chickens Offered a Complete Diet, Corn and Soybean

Zulkifli, I.,Iman Rahayu, H.S.,Alimon, A.R.,Vidyadaran, M.K.,Babjee, S.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.12

Equal number of red jungle fowl (JF) and commercial broiler chickens (CB), raised in battery cages, were provided a single complete diet (control) or a choice of a complete diet, ground corn and ground soybean from 21 to 56 days of age. There were significant genotype ${\times}$ feeding regimen interactions for several traits measured suggesting CB and JF responded differently to the two feeding regimens. The single fed CB had better growth and feed conversion ratios (FCR) than those under choice feeding. However, the body weight and FCR of JF were not affected by feeding regimen. While the single fed and choice-fed JF consumed similar amount of protein during days 21 to 55, the protein intake of the choice-fed CB was lower than the control. From days 21 to 55, irrespective of genotype, choice-fed chicks consumed less energy than their single fed counterparts. Regardless of genotype, the trend in the proportion of each feed consumed was similar with complete diet>corn>soybean. In conclusion, while choice-fed JF were capable to select nutrient necessary for maximum growth, choice feeding was detrimental to growth and feed conversion ratio in CB.

Daylength Effects on Stress and Fear Responses in Broiler Chickens

Zulkifli, I.,Rasedee, A.,Nor Syaadah, O.,Che Norma, M.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.6

Heterophil (H) to lymphocyte (L) ratios and durations of tonic immobility (TI) were measured to assess stress and fear responses, respectively, in broiler chickens provided either 12 h of natural lighting (12L) or 12 h natural lighting and 12 h of supplementary lighting (24L). Birds illuminated 24L had greater H/L ratios and TI durations than their 12L counterparts. Neither age, sex nor cage level had significant effect on TI reactions.

Interference Coordination for Device-to-Device (D2D) under Multi-channel of Cellular Networks

Zulkifli, Aunee Azrina,Huynh, Thong,Kuroda, Kaori,Hasegawa, Mikio Korea Multimedia Society 2016 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.3 No.4

To improve the throughput of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, we focus on the scenario where D2D pair can reuse multi-channel of cellular communication. However, as sharing same channel with cellular communication can cause interference between D2D communication and cellular communication, a proper interference management is needed. In this paper, we propose interference-based channel allocation to select the channels to be used by D2D communication and a solution from game theory perspective to optimize the D2D communication throughput under multi-channel as well as guarantee the interference from it to cellular network. The simulation results verify the stability of the proposed method.

Transient soil-structure interaction with consistent description of radiation damping

Zulkifli, Ediansjah,Ruge, Peter Techno-Press 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.33 No.1

Radiation damping due to wave propagation in unbounded domains may cause a significant reduction of structural vibrations when excited near resonance. Here a novel matrix-valued algebraic Pad$\acute{e}$-like stiffness formulation in the frequency-domain and a corresponding state equation in the time domain are elaborated for a soil-structure interaction problem with a layered soil excited in a transient manner by a flexible rotor during startup and shutdown. The contribution of radiation damping caused by a soil-layer upon a rigid bedrock is characterized by the corresponding amount of critical damping as it is used in structural dynamics.

Heterophil / Lymphocyte Response and Performance of Feed and Water Restricted Broiler Chickens under Tropical Conditions

Zulkifli, I. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.6

The effects of restricting feed [60% of ad libitum (AL) intake] (FR) or water provided from 0900 h to 1600 h, daily) (WR) or both (FWR) from 14 to 42 days of age on heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) response and performance in broiler chickens under the hot humid tropical conditions were determined. Feed and/or water limitation retarded growth, but had no adverse effect on overall feed conversion ratio and survivability. The trend for total feed and water consumption was similar to body weight pattern with AL>WR>FR>FWR. The nutritional regimens had significant effect on overall water:feed ratios with FR>(AL=WR)>FWR. Restriction of feed and/or water resulted in marked elevation of H/L ratios. As measured by H/L ratios, the effect of adapting to FR dissipated between 16 to 21 days after the onset of feed restriction. The H/L ratios of WR and FWR birds remained elevated throughout the duration of the experiment.

Implementation of Smoke-free Legislation in Malaysia: Are Adolescents Protected from Respiratory Health Effects?

Zulkifli, Aziemah,Abidin, Najihah Zainol,Abidin, Emilia Zainal,Hashim, Zailina,Rahman, Anita Abd,Rasdi, Irniza,Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah,Semple, Sean Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between respiratory health of Malaysian adolescents with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and smoke-free legislation (SFL) implementation. Materials and Methods: A total of 898 students from 21 schools across comprehensive- and partial-SFL states were recruited. SHS exposures and respiratory symptoms were assessed via questionnaire. Prenatal and postnatal SHS exposure information was obtained from parental-completed questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was: 11.9% ever wheeze, 5.6% current wheeze, 22.3% exercise-induced wheeze, 12.4% nocturnal cough, and 13.1% self-reported asthma. SHS exposure was most frequently reported in restaurants. Hierarchical logistic regression indicates living in a comprehensive-SFL state was not associated with a lower risk of reporting asthma symptoms. SHS exposure in public transport was linked to increased risk for wheeze (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 16.6; 95%confidence interval (CI), 2.69-101.7) and current wheezing (AOR 24.6; 95%CI, 3.53-171.8). Conclusions: Adolescents continue to be exposed to SHS in a range of public venues in both comprehensive- and partial-SFL states. Respiratory symptoms are common among those reporting SHS exposure on public transportation. Non-compliance with SFL appears to be frequent in many venues across Malaysia and enforcement should be given priority in order to reduce exposure.

Humanoid Robot Arm Performance Optimization using Multi Objective Evolutionary Algorithm

Zulkifli Mohamed,Mitsuki Kitani,Genci Capi,Shin-ichiro Kaneko 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2014 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.12 No.4

As humanoid robots are expected to operate in human environments they are expected to perform a wide range of tasks. Therefore, the robot arm motion must be generated based on the specific task. In this paper we propose an optimal arm motion generation satisfying multiple criteria. In our method, we evolved neural controllers that generate the humanoid robot arm motion satisfying three different criteria; minimum time, minimum distance and minimum acceleration. The robot hand is required to move from the initial to the final goal position. In order to compare the performance, single objective GA is also considered as an optimization tool. Selected neural controllers from the Pareto solution are implemented and their performance is evaluated. Experimental investigation shows that the evolved neural controllers performed well in the real hardware of the mobile humanoid robot platform.