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Microfluidic step emulsification techniques based on spontaneous transformation mechanism: A review
Ziwei Liu,Cong Duan,Shaokun Jiang,Chunying Zhu,Youguang Ma,Taotao Fu 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.92 No.-
Rapid and robust generation of uniformly sized droplets is a research hotspot for emulsificationtechnology. Compared with conventional microfluidic devices such as cross-junction andflow-focusing,the size of the droplets generated in the step emulsifiers based on the spontaneous transformationmechanism is independent of theflowfluctuation, making this type of devices have many advantagesand important application value. To introduce the research progress of step emulsification technology inrecent years, this review discusses the device configurations, interfacial evolution for droplet formationmechanism,flow pattern classification, the influence of control variables on the emulsification processand the application advantages of such devices, and illustrates the design and selection principles of suchdevices, the control laws of manipulation variables, and the future applicationfields and directions.
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Comparison of formation of bubbles and droplets in step-emulsification microfluidic devices
Wei Zhang,Ziwei Liu,Shaokun Jiang,Chunying Zhu,Youguang Ma,Taotao Fu 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-
Monodispersed microbubbles and microdroplets are widely used as reaction carriers in microfluidics. Inthis study, the generation processes of bubbles and droplets in a step-emulsification microfluidic deviceare compared to show the similarities and differences in the emulsification process. By changing theplacement of the microdevice, the effects of buoyancy and gravity on the generation of bubbles and dropletsare introduced, and the feedback mechanism of the bubble layer and the effect of droplet accumulationon the emulsification process are clarified. Finally, based on the analysis of the difference of thepinch-off of the dispersed phase between the bubble and the droplet in this configuration, the Plateau-Rayleigh instability processes for the formation of bubble and droplet are revealed by using a highspeedcamera system, and the reasons for the difference of the operating ranges of the gas flow rateand liquid flow rate in the dripping flow regime are explained.
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Yaru Li,Shuchen Zhang,Ziwei Zhu,Ruonan Zhou,Pingyuan Xu,Lingyan Zhou,Yue Kan,Jiao Li,Juan Zhao,Penghua Fang,Xizhong Yu,Wenbin Shang 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.4
Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is capable of regulating lipid and glucose metabolism through itsaction on adipocytes. However, the beneficial role of GRb1-induced up-regulation of adiponectin in liversteatosis remains unelucidated. Thus, we tested whether GRb1 ameliorates liver steatosis and insulinresistance by promoting the expression of adiponectin. Methods: 3T3-L1 adipocytes and hepatocytes were used to investigate GRb1's action on adiponectinexpression and triglyceride (TG) accumulation. Wild type (WT) mice and adiponectin knockout (KO)mice fed high fat diet were treated with GRb1 for 2 weeks. Hepatic fat accumulation and function as wellas insulin sensitivity was measured. The activation of AMPK was also detected in the liver andhepatocytes. Results: GRb1 reversed the reduction of adiponectin secretion in adipocytes. The conditioned medium(CM) from adipocytes treated with GRb1 reduced TG accumulation in hepatocytes, which was partlyattenuated by the adiponectin antibody. In the KO mice, the GRb1-induced significant decrease of TGcontent, ALT and AST was blocked by the deletion of adiponectin. The elevations of GRb1-induced insulinsensitivity indicated by OGTT, ITT and HOMA-IR were also weakened in the KO mice. The CM treatmentsignificantly enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK in hepatocytes, but not GRb1 treatment. Likewise,the phosphorylation of AMPK in liver of the WT mice was increased by GRb1, but not in the KO mice. Conclusions: The up-regulation of adiponectin by GRb1 contributes to the amelioration of liver steatosisand insulin resistance, which further elucidates a new mechanism underlying the beneficial effects ofGRb1 on obesity
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