Characterization of phytochemical profile of rhizome of artificial cultured Polygonatum sibiricum with multiple rhizome buds

Cheng Weiqing,Pan Zhibin,Zheng Hanjing,Luo Gelian,Liu Zhibin,Xu Suli,Lin Junhan 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-

Rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum is both a renowned traditional Chinese remedy and a commonly consumed delicacy. Due to the escalating demand and excessive overexploitation, there has been a growing interest in the artificial cultivation of this plant in recent years. To assess the therapeutic benefits of artificially cultivated P. sibiricum, it is crucial to identify and classify its phytochemical components, which are the primary bioactive compounds found in its rhizome. In this study, the phytochemical profile of an artificially cultivated P. sibiricum rhizomes with multiple rhizome buds (ACM) was characterized by using untargeted UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based approach. In addition, two-wild-types P. sibiricum rhizomes, namely the wild-type with multiple rhizome buds (WTM) and the wild-type with single rhizome bud (WTS), were used for comparison. A total of 183 phytochemicals, including 20 alkaloids, 48 flavonoids, 33 phenolic acids, and 82 terpenoids, were tentatively identified. Generally, the phytochemical profile of ACM was comparable to that of WTM and WTS. In specific, most of the identified alkaloids and phenolic acids, and approximately half of the identified terpenoids, were not significantly different. Notably, several phytochemicals with potent therapeutic properties, such as epiberberine, laetanine, sinapic acid, curcumenol, were present in ACM. Additionally, artificial cultivation increased the abundance of geniposide and naringenin, which have been linked to cardioprotective effects. These findings provide valuable insights for the future utilization of artificially cultivated P. sibiricum.

Evaluating and predicting net energy value of wheat and wheat bran for broiler chickens

Ning Ran,Cheng Zichen,Liu Xingbo,Ban Zhibin,Guo Yuming,Nie Wei 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.11

Objective: It is crucial to accurately determine the net energy (NE) values of feed ingredients because the NE system is expected to be applied to the formulation of broilers feed. The NE values of 5 wheat and 5 wheat brans were determined in 12-to 14-day old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers with substitution method and indirect calorimetry method. Methods: A total of 12 diets, including 2 reference diets (REF) and 10 test diets (5 wheat diets and 5 wheat bran diets) containing 30% of test ingredients, were randomly fed to 864 male AA birds with 6 replicates of 12 birds per treatment. These birds were used to determine metabolizable energy (ME) (8 birds per replicate) in the chicken house and NE (4 birds per replicate) in the chamber respectively at the same time. After a 4-d dietary and environment adaptation period, growth performance, energy values, energy balance and energy utilization were measured during the following 3 d. Multiple linear regression analyses were further performed to generate prediction equations for NE values based on the chemical components and ME values. The NE prediction equation were also validated on another wheat diet and another wheat bran diet with high correlation (r = 0.98, r = 0.75). Results: The NE values of 5 wheat and 5 wheat bran samples are 9.34, 10.02, 10.27, 11.33, and 10.49 MJ/kg, and 5.37, 5.17, 4.87, 5.06, and 4.88 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The equation with the best fit were NE = 1.968AME–0.411×ADF–14.227 (for wheat) and NE = –0.382×CF –0.362×CP–0.244×ADF+20.870 (for wheat bran). Conclusion: The mean NE values of wheat and wheat bran are 10.29 and 5.07 MJ/kg DM in AA broilers. The NE values of ingredients could be predicted by their chemical composition and energy value with good fitness. Objective: It is crucial to accurately determine the net energy (NE) values of feed ingredients because the NE system is expected to be applied to the formulation of broilers feed. The NE values of 5 wheat and 5 wheat brans were determined in 12-to 14-day old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers with substitution method and indirect calorimetry method.Methods: A total of 12 diets, including 2 reference diets (REF) and 10 test diets (5 wheat diets and 5 wheat bran diets) containing 30% of test ingredients, were randomly fed to 864 male AA birds with 6 replicates of 12 birds per treatment. These birds were used to determine metabolizable energy (ME) (8 birds per replicate) in the chicken house and NE (4 birds per replicate) in the chamber respectively at the same time. After a 4-d dietary and environment adaptation period, growth performance, energy values, energy balance and energy utilization were measured during the following 3 d. Multiple linear regression analyses were further performed to generate prediction equations for NE values based on the chemical components and ME values. The NE prediction equation were also validated on another wheat diet and another wheat bran diet with high correlation (r = 0.98, r = 0.75).Results: The NE values of 5 wheat and 5 wheat bran samples are 9.34, 10.02, 10.27, 11.33, and 10.49 MJ/kg, and 5.37, 5.17, 4.87, 5.06, and 4.88 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The equation with the best fit were NE = 1.968AME–0.411×ADF–14.227 (for wheat) and NE = –0.382×CF–0.362×CP–0.244×ADF+20.870 (for wheat bran).Conclusion: The mean NE values of wheat and wheat bran are 10.29 and 5.07 MJ/kg DM in AA broilers. The NE values of ingredients could be predicted by their chemical composition and energy value with good fitness.

Calculation and analysis of switching losses in IGBT devices based on switching transient processes

Hao, Bin,Peng, Cheng,Tang, Xinling,Zhao, Zhibin The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.10

Accurately revealing the generation mechanism and the mathematical relationship with system parameters of the power loss in the switching transients of high-voltage large power IGBT devices is very important for the device selection and circuit design of converter equipment. To reveal the mechanism of generating switching losses, this paper analyzes the switching transient processes of the IGBT devices in the basic commutation circuit in detail. Then this paper proposes an accurate calculation method based on a finite state machine (FSM) for the switching losses of IGBT devices, and verifies the correctness of this method. To further reveal the mathematical relationships among switching losses, device parameters, and loop parameters, approximate analytical formulas for the switching loss of different switching transient processes are mathematically derived, which can provide a theoretical basis for reducing the switching losses in converters.

Alternating Copolymer of Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone-benzimidazole)s (SPEEK-BI) Bearing Acid and Base Moieties

Wang, Jianli,Song, Yilin,Zhang, Cheng,Ye, Zhibin,Liu, Hui,Lee, Myong-Hoon,Wang, Dehai,Ji, Jianbing WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Vol.209 No.14

<P>A novel alternating copolymer of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone-benzimidazole)s (SPEEK-BI) was synthesized by polycondensation of aromatic bisphenol containing benzimidazole and a mixture of sulfonated and non-sulfonated difluorobenzophenones. By varying the amount of two difluorobenzophenones, the ratio of sulfonic acid unit to imidazole base was controlled straightforwardly. The polymer structure was characterized by <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Two different methods of ion exchange capacity measurement supported a strong inter- and intra-molecular interaction between acid and base units, which resulted in an improved mechanical strength as well as avoiding phase separation. Tough membranes with good mechanical stability in hot water (80 °C) and alcohol were obtained by solution casting, which is potential for applications in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and membranes for separation of liquids or gases.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/10221352-2008-209-14-MACP200700610-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221352-2008-209-14-MACP200700610-gra001'> </P>

Mixed organic acids improve nutrients digestibility, volatile fatty acids composition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs fed high-fiber diet

Miao Li,Shenfei Long,Qianqian Wang,Lianhua Zhang,Jiangxu Hu,Jie Yang,Zhibin Cheng,Xiang Shu Piao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.6

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of mixed organic acids (MOA) on nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids composition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs fed high wheat bran diet. Methods: Six crossbred barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire), with an average body weight 78.8±4.21 kg, fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum, were allotted to a double 3×3 Latin square design with 3 periods and 3 diets. Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d total collection of feces and then a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean-wheat bran basal diet (CTR), mixed organic acid 1 diet (MOA1; CTR+3,000 mg/kg OA1), mixed organic acid 2 diet (MOA2; CTR+2,000 mg/kg OA2). Results: Pigs fed MOA (MOA1 or MOA2) showed improved (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter, and pigs fed MOA2 had increased (p<0.05) ATTD of neutral detergent fiber compared to CTR. Dietary MOA supplementation decreased (p<0.05) pH value, and improved (p<0.01) concentrations of lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in ileum compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA showed higher (p<0.05) concentration of acetic acid, and lower (p<0.05) content of formic acid in feces compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA1 had increased (p<0.05) concentration of TVFA and butyric acid in feces. Pigs fed MOA1 showed higher concentration of Lactobacillus and lower concentration of Escherichia in feces compared to CTR. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of MOA 1 or 2 could improve nutrients digestibility, TVFA concentration and intestinal flora in growing-finishing pigs fed high fiber diet.