MiR-144-3p and Its Target Gene beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein Regulate 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2-3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Lixuan Wang,Kuo Li,Junling Zhang,Chunxue Ji 한국분자세포생물학회 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.7

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. The present study focused on the role of hsa-miR-144-3p in one of the neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease (PD). Our study showed a remarkable down-regulation of miR-144-3p expression in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated SH-SY5Y cells. MiR-144-3p was then overexpressed and silenced in human SH-SY5Y cells by miRNA-mimics and miRNA-inhibitor transfections, respectively. Furthermore, -amyloid precursor protein (APP) was identified as a target gene of miR-144-3p via a luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR-144-3p overexpression significantly inhibited the protein expression of APP. Since mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be one of the major pathological events in PD, we also focused on the role of miR-144-3p and APP in regulating mitochondrial functions. Our study demonstrated that up-regulation of miR-144-3p increased expression of the key genes in-volved in maintaining mitochondrial function, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Moreover, there was also a significant increase in cellular ATP, cell viability and the relative copy number of mtDNA in the presence of miR-144-3p overexpression. In contrast, miR-144-3p silencing showed opposite effects. We also found that APP overexpression significantly decreased ATP level, cell viability, the relative copy number of mtDNA and the expression of these three genes, which reversed the effects of miR-144-3p overexpression. Taken together, these results show that miR-144-3p plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function, and its target gene APP is also involved in this process.

중국 웹소설의 이용자 특성 및 콘텐츠 분석에 관한 연구

장지(Zhang Zhi),상력헌(Chang lixuan),김정명(Kim, Jung Myoung) 한국출판학회 2020 한국출판학연구 Vol.46 No.3

본 연구는 중국 웹소설의 핵심 독자인 20-30대 청년층을 연구 대상으로 중국내의 기존 연구 및 주요 보고서를 중심으로 데이터를 분석했다. 중국청년층은 웹소설을 읽는 목적으로는 자신의 가치 취향에서 출발하여 만족감을 얻는 경향으로 정신적인 부분으로 웹소설을 선호했다. 이용자 특징으로 남성은 연재소설을, 여성은 완결소설을 더욱 선호하는 경향을 보였으며, 점차적으로 대부분 장(章)별로 유료로 구입하는 의향이 형성되어가고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 웹소설은 스낵컬쳐의 특징이 있지만 중국의 웹소설은 장편소설 분량의 내용이 매월 업데이트 되고 있으며, 작품성을 인정받고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 웹소설을 파편적인 시간에 읽기는 하지만 간편한 내용뿐 아니라 문학성이 높은 작품이 많다는 것을 알 수 있다. In this study, 20s-30s Chinese Youths who are the core readers of Chinese web literature are taken as the research objects. This study studies their reading needs, audience characteristics and the characteristics of their favorite literature content Deng. Research findings: in terms of reading needs, young people are more willing to start from a positive value orientation to obtain satisfaction; young people like to read according to their own needs and tendencies; in daily life, young people have more choices about when to read web, but they mainly choose leisure time such as rest and intermission; young people prefer to read web literature in a more convenient and unrestrained residence. In terms of audience characteristics, men prefer serial novels, while women prefer to finish the novel; those with secondary education and those with college or undergraduate education constitute the main body of network literature acceptance; the income level of most web literature readers is low. In terms of the content of literature, young people s preference for genre literature is obvious; the narrative style with large volume and tortuous plot is more popular; in recent years, the works of realistic themes have shown a vigorous development trend.

MiR-144-3p and Its Target Gene β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Regulate 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2-3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Li, Kuo,Zhang, Junling,Ji, Chunxue,Wang, Lixuan Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.7

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. The present study focused on the role of hsa-miR-144-3p in one of the neuro-degenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD). Our study showed a remarkable down-regulation of miR-144-3p expression in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated SH-SY5Y cells. MiR-144-3p was then overexpressed and silenced in human SH-SY5Y cells by miRNA-mimics and miRNA-inhibitor transfections, respectively. Furthermore, ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein (APP) was identified as a target gene of miR-144-3p via a luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR-144-3p overexpression significantly inhibited the protein expression of APP. Since mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be one of the major pathological events in PD, we also focused on the role of miR-144-3p and APP in regulating mitochondrial functions. Our study demonstrated that up-regulation of miR-144-3p increased expression of the key genes involved in maintaining mitochondrial function, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator-$1{\alpha}$(PGC-$1{\alpha}$), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Moreover, there was also a significant increase in cellular ATP, cell viability and the relative copy number of mtDNA in the presence of miR-144-3p overexpression. In contrast, miR-144-3p silencing showed opposite effects. We also found that APP overexpression significantly decreased ATP level, cell viability, the relative copy number of mtDNA and the expression of these three genes, which reversed the effects of miR-144-3p overexpression. Taken together, these results show that miR-144-3p plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function, and its target gene APP is also involved in this process.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of adult height in East Asians identifies 17 novel loci

He, Meian,Xu, Min,Zhang, Ben,Liang, Jun,Chen, Peng,Lee, Jong-Young,Johnson, Todd A.,Li, Huaixing,Yang, Xiaobo,Dai, Juncheng,Liang, Liming,Gui, Lixuan,Qi, Qibin,Huang, Jinyan,Li, Yanping,Adair, Linda S IRL Press 2015 Human molecular genetics Vol.24 No.6

<P>Human height is associated with risk of multiple diseases and is profoundly determined by an individual's genetic makeup and shows a high degree of ethnic heterogeneity. Large-scale genome-wide association (GWA) analyses of adult height in Europeans have identified nearly 180 genetic loci. A recent study showed high replicability of results from Europeans-based GWA studies in Asians; however, population-specific loci may exist due to distinct linkage disequilibrium patterns. We carried out a GWA meta-analysis in 93 926 individuals from East Asia. We identified 98 loci, including 17 novel and 81 previously reported loci, associated with height at <I>P</I> < 5 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>, together explaining 8.89% of phenotypic variance. Among the newly identified variants, 10 are commonly distributed (minor allele frequency, MAF > 5%) in Europeans, with comparable frequencies with in Asians, and 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms are with low frequency (MAF < 5%) in Europeans. In addition, our data suggest that novel biological pathway such as the protein tyrosine phosphatase family is involved in regulation of height. The findings from this study considerably expand our knowledge of the genetic architecture of human height in Asians.</P>

FAILURE ANALYSIS OF A BRASS SYNCHRONIZER RING IN THE GEARBOX OF VEHICLE

Gao Hongchen,Xue Song,Renyi Zhang,Peng Yi,Zheng Lixuan 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.2

Synchronizers are the heart for vehicles. The reliability of synchronizer ring in the gearbox affects the operation of the entire systems of vehicles. In this paper, a pre-failure of synchronizer ring made of brass was investigated. Macro and micro analysis, chemical composition analysis, mechanical property test and finite element method were conducted on the synchronizer ring. The analysis results showed that the content of element in the micro area of the outer ring exceeded the standard, which caused the increases of hardness and brittleness of material. The resisting crack propagation ability of material was reduced due to the element segregation. It was concluded that the synchronizer ring was fractured due to the high hardness and brittleness of material, combined with the stress concentration. Finally, countermeasures were proposed to address similar problems.

Development of supporting platform for the fine flow characteristics of reactor core

Qian Hao,Chen Guangliang,Li Lei,Zhang Lixuan,Yin Xinli,Zhang Hanqi,Su Shaomin 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.5

This study presents the Supporting platform for reactor fine flow characteristics calculation and analysis (Cilian platform), a user-friendly tool that supports the analysis and optimization of pressurized water reactor (PWR) cores with mixing vanes using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computing. The Cilian platform allows for easy creation and optimization of PWR’s main CFD calculation schemes and autonomously manages CFD calculation and analysis of PWR cores, reducing the need for human and computational resources. The platform’s key features enable efficient simulation, rapid solution design, automatic calculation of core scheme options, and streamlined data extraction and processing techniques. The Cilian platform’s capability to call external CFD software reduces the development time and cost while improving the accuracy and reliability of the results. In conclusion, the Cilian platform exemplifies an innovative solution for efficient computational fluid dynamics analysis of pressurized water reactor (PWR) cores. It holds great promise for driving advancements in nuclear power technology, enhancing the safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of nuclear reactors. The platform adopts a modular design methodology, enabling the swift and accurate computation and analysis of diverse flow regions within core components. This design approach facilitates the seamless integration of multiple computational modules across various reactor types, providing a high degree of flexibility and reusability

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO₂/BiVO₄ Layered Films under Visible Light Irradiation

Li, Xuan,Zhang, Zhuo,Zhang, Feng-Jun,Liu, Jin,Ye, Jie,Oh, Won-Chun The Korean Ceramic Society 2016 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.53 No.6

$TiO_2/BiVO_4$ layered films were prepared by sol-gel and spin coating methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Uv-vis spectroscopy were used to investigate the crystal structure, morphology and ultraviolet-visible absorption of the $TiO_2/BiVO_4$ films. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared films was inspected according to the degradation of methylene blue. The results show that the prepared films present a net chain structure; the absorption band edge had obvious red shift. The degradation of the methylene blue solution was about 80% after 300 mins using $TiO_2/BiVO_4$ layered films under visible light, which was stronger than when using only pure $TiO_2$ film and $BiVO_4$ film.

Role of Dorsal Striatum Histone Deacetylase 5 in Incubation of Methamphetamine Craving

Li, Xuan,Carreria, Maria B.,Witonsky, Kailyn R.,Zeric, Tamara,Lofaro, Olivia M.,Bossert, Jennifer M.,Zhang, Jianjun,Surjono, Felicia,Richie, Christopher T.,Harvey, Brandon K.,Son, Hyeon,Cowan, Christo Elsevier 2018 Biological psychiatry Vol.84 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Methamphetamine (meth) seeking progressively increases after withdrawal (incubation of meth craving). We previously demonstrated an association between histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) gene expression in the rat dorsal striatum and incubation of meth craving. Here we used viral constructs to study the causal role of dorsal striatum HDAC5 in this incubation.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>In experiment 1 (overexpression), we injected an adeno-associated virus bilaterally into dorsal striatum to express either green fluorescent protein (control) or a mutant form of HDAC5, which strongly localized to the nucleus. After training rats to self-administer meth (10 days, 9 hours/day), we tested the rats for relapse to meth seeking on withdrawal days 2 and 30. In experiment 2 (knockdown), we injected an adeno-associated virus bilaterally into the dorsal striatum to express a short hairpin RNA either against luciferase (control) or against HDAC5. After training rats to self-administer meth, we tested the rats for relapse on withdrawal days 2 and 30. We also measured gene expression of other HDACs and potential HDAC5 downstream targets.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We found that HDAC5 overexpression in dorsal striatum increased meth seeking on withdrawal day 30 but not day 2. In contrast, HDAC5 knockdown in the dorsal striatum decreased meth seeking on withdrawal day 30 but not on day 2; this manipulation also altered other HDACs (<I>Hdac1</I> and <I>Hdac4</I>) and potential HDAC5 targets (<I>Gnb4</I> and <I>Suv39h1</I>).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Results demonstrate a novel role of dorsal striatum HDAC5 in incubation of meth craving. These findings also set up future work to identify HDAC5 targets that mediate this incubation.</P>