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FEDERALISM AND GOVERNANCE IN CANADA: THE ROLE OF PROVINCES
Zepeda Roberto 한국캐나다학회 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.28 No.2
The purpose of this article is to analyze federalism in Canada as well as the constitutional capacities of the provinces and the central government of Canada in the public policy sphere. Canada has a decentralized federalism that has helped to maintain governance in the country by granting a wide range of constitutional powers to the provinces. Canada has moved from centralized to decentralized government. Canada's federalism can be considered a unique, successful case, which has generated stable governance among a diverse and plural society and can be an example for other countries with similar characteristics.
Zepeda Roberto,Virchez Jorge 한국캐나다학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.27 No.2
Economic integration in North America from national and subnational perspectives: Recent trends and projections. Asian Journal of Canadian Studies, 27(2), 29-59. This article analyzes trends in North America's economic integration during 1994-2020, highlighting the role of subnational entities. It examines the nature and characteristics of the national and subnational economies in the region in recent decades. There has been increased cooperation among subnational actors in North America. With the new United States, Mexico, and Canada Agreement, greater integration among the three North American countries is expected. After the economic downturn in 2020, triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic, economic growth is expected in 2020 and 2021, according to estimates from international organizations.
THE ARCTIC COUNCIL AND THE INUIT CIRCUMPOLAR COUNCIL. GOVERNANCE IN THE ARCTIC REGION
Zepeda Roberto,Virchez Jorge 한국캐나다학회 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.28 No.1
This article analyzes the forms of governance in the Canadian Arctic. It relies on two perspectives. First, by looking at the mechanisms of governance in the circumpolar region through the Arctic Council, and second, by analyzing the paradiplomacy of indigenous groups in Canada, particularly the Inuit, through the Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC). It explores the ICC's international actions to promote their identity and cultural practices, but also to defend their economic interests as the original people of the circumpolar world. This article analyzes the fragmentation of the nation-state, and the emergence of non-state actors contesting its supremacy in international relations, leading to new forms of governance. In Canada, indigenous groups such as the Inuit, through the Inuit Circumpolar Council, have regained power and influence, creating new forms of governance in the Arctic.
Unions and Labor Standards in Canada: an Analysis by Province and Sector
Roberto Zepeda,Virchez Jorge 한국캐나다학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.29 No.1
This article analyzes contemporary fluctuations in union density in Canada, as well as labor markets in the period 1980-2022. The analysis is made taking into account the evolution of union membership, labor force characteristics, as well as the living standards of Canadian workers in that period. The development of Canadian trade unionism is scrutinized, identifying the most representative unions at the national and provincial levels. In addition, the conditions of workers in different sectors are explored. Finally, an assessment of trade unionism in Canada is conducted and some conclusions are suggested.
THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT: A PERSPECTIVE FROM INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY
Roberto Zepeda,Jorge Virchez 한국캐나다학회 2024 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.30 No.1
This paper explores the Russia-Ukraine conflict within the theoretical framework of international relations and Canadian foreign policy; it relies on a qualitative analysis, focusing on the geopolitical, historical, and economic dimensions. It begins by contextualizing the conflict against the background of NATO historical expansion into Eastern Europe following the Cold War, underscoring how this expansion has contributed to heightened tensions with Russia. The paper examines Russia's strategic concerns regarding NATO's enlargement and its implications for regional security dynamics, emphasizing efforts to reassert Russia's influence amidst perceived Western advance. Furthermore, the paper delves into Canada's response to the conflict, underlining its robust support for Ukraine through diplomatic, economic, and military aid initiatives. Canada's multifaceted assistance is analyzed, including its significant financial contributions and humanitarian aid efforts, which reflects a commitment to supporting Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Moreover, the paper explores the economic repercussions of the conflict on Canada, particularly in terms of commodity prices and trade impacts, despite relatively limited direct trade ties with Russia.
The Fur Trade Industry and the Birth of a Nation: from the Colony of New France to Present Canada
Roberto Zepeda,Jorge Virchez,Sébastien Nault, Pascal Samson,Guillermo González 한국캐나다학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.29 No.2
This paper examines the historical significance of the fur trade industry in the establishment and development of French and British colonies in Canada, comprising from early exploration to the formation of major trading companies like the Hudson’s Bay Company and the Compagnie des Indes Occidentales. Employing a comprehensive analysis of historical documents, literature, and case studies, the study underscores the pivotal role played by the fur trade industry in shaping the Canadian nation. Emphasis is place on exploring the economic, political, and geographical contexts, elucidating the conflicts and negotiations that marked the evolution of fur trade. The article further details the exploration routes and boundaries utilized by early European explorers and Indigenous peoples, highlighting the indispensable role of waterways as primary transportation channels during the initial era of fur trading. The examination demonstrates how the fur trade industry not only contributed to the economic prosperity of the Colony of New France as well as the British Canadian colonies but also played a transformative role in influencing sociocultural dynamics between indigenous populations and European settlers. The historical account unfolds from the early explorations of Jacques Cartier in the 16th century, revealing the fur trade as a principal means of financing and sustaining European presence in North America. The article specifically examines key figures such as Samuel de Champlain, Pierre-Esprit Radisson, and Médard Chouart des Groseilliers, whose expeditions and business ventures played vital roles in shaping the fur trade industry. This historical perspective illuminates the profound impact of the fur trade on the development of Canada as a nation, intricately influencing the geographical and economic landscape of the region.
Curcumin promotes oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts
Iván Zepeda‑Quiróz,Helen Sánchez‑Barrera,Zaira Colín‑Val,Diana Xochiquetzal Robledo‑Cadena,Sara Rodríguez‑Enríquez,Rebeca López‑Marure 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.4
Background Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from Curcuma longa, has some adverse efects on heart; however, its toxic efects on cardiac cells are poorly understood. Objective To evaluate the toxicity of curcumin on H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. To this, H9c2 cells were exposed to diferent concentrations of curcumin and proliferation, viability, cell cycle, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), death and autophagy were evaluated. Results Curcumin caused concentration-dependent inhibition of H9c2 cells proliferation and viability. A higher sub-G1 population was observed in cells treated with curcumin, which was related with phosphatidylserine translocation and increase of activated caspase-9, indicating apoptotic death. Curcumin induced oxidative stress and decreased ΔΨm causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, it promoted autophagy, revealed by higher LC3B and beclin-1 protein expression and mitophagy. Conclusion Curcumin exhibited toxic efects in cardiac cells and further studies are required to validate its therapeutic potential and use as anti-infammatory and anti-oxidant agent in the cardiovascular system.
Gabriela Zepeda,Rafael Kelly,Carmen Monroy 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.22 No.4
Traditional robot control theory assumes implicitly that robot manipulators are equipped with ideal torque actuators (i.e., torque-driven robots). However, it is important to note that both industrial robots and economical didactic ones do not typically feature such torque actuators. In contrast, many robotics laboratories engaged in academic and research activities employ robots equipped with position servo actuators, which do not support torque control input commands. This paper aims to bridge the gap between theory and practical implementation of robot control from an automatic control perspective. To achieve this goal, a new method is introduced for converting any torque requesting control system, designed for torque–driven robots, to be directly applied to robots using proportional embedded control with position servo actuators (servo–actuated robots lack direct torque input for control). The method relies on the inverse dynamics approach, considering the comprehensive nonlinear model of a position servo–actuated robot structure. This model encompasses servos dynamics, inheriting both the advantages and disadvantages associated with model–based control algorithms.