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Morphological homogeneity of neurons: searching for outlier neuronal cells.
Zawadzki, Krissia,Feenders, Christoph,Viana, Matheus P,Kaiser, Marcus,Costa, Luciano da F Humana Press, Inc 2012 Neuroinformatics Vol.10 No.4
<P>We report a morphology-based approach for the automatic identification of outlier neurons, as well as its application to the NeuroMorpho.org database, with more than 5,000 neurons. Each neuron in a given analysis is represented by a feature vector composed of 20 measurements, which are then projected into a two-dimensional space by applying principal component analysis. Bivariate kernel density estimation is then used to obtain the probability distribution for the group of cells, so that the cells with highest probabilities are understood as archetypes while those with the smallest probabilities are classified as outliers. The potential of the methodology is illustrated in several cases involving uniform cell types as well as cell types for specific animal species. The results provide insights regarding the distribution of cells, yielding single and multi-variate clusters, and they suggest that outlier cells tend to be more planar and tortuous. The proposed methodology can be used in several situations involving one or more categories of cells, as well as for detection of new categories and possible artifacts.</P>
Andrzej Zawadzki,Sebastian Różowicz 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2015 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.13 No.3
The paper presents an application of the transformation input – state of the system, built on the basis of elements of the theory of differential geometry allowing linearization of a certain class of nonlinear generators to a linear form. The necessary conditions fulfilled by nonlinear system undergoing linearization process are presented. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear equations of state together with linearized system obtained from direct transformation of the state space are included.
Aldo Bellon,Isztar Zawadzki,Alamelu Kilambi,Hee Choon Lee,이규원 한국기상학회 2010 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.46 No.3
A Variational Echo Tracking (VET) technique has been applied to four months of archived data from the South Korean radar network in order to examine the influence of the various user-selectable parameters on the skill of the resulting 20-min to 4-h nowcasts. The latter are computed over a (512 × 512) array at 2-km resolution. After correcting the original algorithm to take into account the motion of precipitation across the boundaries of such a smaller radar network,we concluded that the set of default input parameters initially assumed is very close to the optimum combination. Decreasing to (5 × 5) or increasing to (50 × 50) the default vector density of (25 × 25), using two or three maps for velocity determination, varying the relative weights for the constraints of conservation of reflectivity and of the smoothing of the velocity vectors, and finally the application of temporal smoothing all had only marginal effects on the skill of the forecasts. The relatively small sensitivity to significant variations of the VET default parameters is a direct consequence of the fact that the major source of the loss in forecast skill cannot be attributed to errors in the forecast motion, but to the unpredictable nature of the storm growth and decay. Changing the time interval between maps, from 20to 10 minutes, and significantly increasing the reflectivity threshold from 15 to 30 dBZ had a more noticeable reduction on the forecast skill. Comparisons with the Eulerian “zero velocity” forecast and with a "single" vector forecast have also been performed in order to determine the accrued skill of the VET algorithm. Because of the extensive stratiform nature of the precipitation areas affecting the Korean peninsula, the increased skill is not as large as may have been anticipated. This can be explained by the greater extent of the precipitation systems relative to the size of the radar coverage domain
이희춘,이용희,하종철,I. Zawadzki,김정희,이희상 한국기상학회 2007 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-
한반도는 호우로 인한 재해피해 발생횟수가 점차 증가추세에 있으며 그 발생 빈도 또한 다른 기상재해에 비해 매우 높은 빈도를 보이고 있다 (http;//www.kma.go.kr). 특히 최근 집중호우는 매우 국지적으로 발생하고 있으며, 그 생성과 발달과정이 매우 돌발적으로 나타나고 있다. 이로 인한 피해 또한 도시화 및 산업화가 진행됨에 따라 증가하고 있는 양상을 보이고 있다. 이와 같은 돌발성 집중호우에 대한 예측성 향상을 위해서는 국지적 특성을 표현할 수 있는 고해상도 수치예측체계의 도입과 함께 레이더/위성 등 다중관측을 이용한 초단기 정량적 강수예측이 필요하게 되었다. 이에 국립기상연구소에서는 캐나다 맥길대학교의 J. S. Marshall Weather Radar Observatory와 공동으로 기상청 레이더 자료에 대해 새로운 기법을 이용하고 있는 실황예측 알고리즘에 적용하는 연구를 추진하였다. 이번 연구에서는 공동연구에 대한 전체적인 개요, 변분에코 추적 기법이라고 하는 새로운 실황예측 알고리즘에 대한 소개 및 기상청 레이더 자료를 활용한 예비 결과를 제시하고자 한다.
Polymer-Based External Cavity Lasers: Tuning Efficiency, Reliability, and Polarization Diversity
de Felipe, David,Ziyang Zhang,Brinker, Walter,Kleinert, Moritz,Novo, Alejandro Maese,Zawadzki, Crispin,Moehrle, Martin,Keil, Norbert IEEE 2014 IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Vol.26 No.14
<P>Three aspects of polymer-based external cavity tunable lasers are investigated. First, the tuning efficiency is increased from 0.29 nm/mW to a record 0.52 nm/mW by improving the microheater thermal design. Second, the long-term reliability of such tunable laser modules is investigated through two batches of stress tests at 25 °C and 45 °C, respectively. No degradation effect is observed in terms of output power drop and wavelength drifting after thousands of hours of continuous operation at tuned wavelength of 20 nm. Finally, a novel TM-emitting tunable laser is demonstrated by inserting a half-wave plate into the polymer output waveguide. Index-matching techniques and the intrinsic curved waveguide design guarantee robust single mode operation. The TM laser exhibits excellent side mode suppression ratio (>40 dB), large tuning range (>20 nm), and high output power (>5 mW at 100-mA drive current).</P>
Hee Choon Lee,Jong-Chul Ha,Aldo Bellon,Isztar Zawadzki,이규원,Yong Hee Lee,Dong-Eon Chang 한국기상학회 2010 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.46 No.3
The MAPLE system has been implemented in real-time in Korea since June 2008, producing forecasts up to 6 hours every 10minutes. An object-oriented verification method has been applied for the summer season (June-July-August) over the Korean Peninsula to evaluate and understand the characteristics of the forecast results. The CRA (contiguous rain area) approach is used to decompose the total error into the different error components; location, pattern, and volume errors. The mean displacement error is smaller than 20 km up to the 3-h forecasts and increases with forecast time. The ratio between the displacement (location) error and the total error is less than 7% even for a 3-h forecast. This result indicates that MAPLE produces reliable forecast in terms of precipitation location. However,the pattern error is larger than 90% of the total error. Contingency scores that are defined with different categories of rain intensity and displacement errors show the outstanding performance up to 2.5hours. MAPLE overpredicts rain areas with the threshold of 1 mm h−1rain intensity throughout forecast periods. However, the heavy rainfall events are poorly predicted due to the inherent limitation of extrapolation-based nowcasting technique
Temperature-Tolerant Wavelength-Setting and -Stabilization in a Polymer-Based Tunable DBR Laser
Happach, Magnus,de Felipe, David,Friedhoff, Victor Nicolai,Kleinert, Moritz,Zawadzki, Crispin,Rehbein, W.,Brinker, Walter,Mohrle, Martin,Keil, Norbert,Hofmann, Werner,Schell, Martin IEEE 2017 Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol.35 No.10
<P>In this paper, we present a method of self-detection of mode hops in a distributed Bragg reflector tunable laser using the voltage drop in the active section as a monitoring signal. Based on this method, a wavelength setting and stabilization algorithm that is tolerant to temperature variations is proposed. Wavelength locking for a period of more than seven days with an accuracy better than ±1.25 GHz has been achieved, meeting the ITU-T standard for 25 GHz channel spacing. Under forced changes in the operation temperature from 15° to 60°, with variations of 0.1°/s, the maximum allowed deviation of ±2.5 GHz for the ITU-T standard with 50 GHz channel spacing was kept.</P>