凝集一活性汚泥工程에 의한 폴리에스테르 減量廢水가 主인 染色廢水處理

朴永圭,李哲熙,梁龍雲 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.8 No.2

This paper prevides the optimal conditions treating with the coagulation process and the activated sludge process for dyeing wastewater composed of 65% polyester loss weight finish wastewater and the rests, various dyeing wastewater. The results are shown as follows : 1. The alum is the most economical coagulant among ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate and alum by comparison sludge yields and the cost of operation, and the efficiency of COD removal is approximate 24% with 800mg/ℓ of alum (7.2% Al₂O₃) at ??. 2. The optimization conditons of COD volumetric loading and retention time for the design of the activated sludge process following the coagulation precipitation are 0.6kg COD/ m³· D(0.15kg COD/kg MLSS. D) and 24hr. 3. Removal efficiency of COD treated with the activated sludge process following the coagulation precipitation is 86% at 30℃, and decreased 75% at 40℃. 4. It is confirmed that the activated sludge process following coagulation precipitation method provides better treatment efficiency than the coagulation precipitation method following the actived sludge process.

連續回分式 反應器에서 有機性 廢水의 分解 Phenol이 미치는 影響

朴永圭,姜信寬,李哲熙 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1985 環境硏究 Vol.5 No.2

The synthetic Wastewater mixed with the sewage and phenol was treated by the sequencing batch reactor process to investigate the effect of phenol toxidity on the biodegradation. According as the phenol concentration of the raw wastewater was increased, the rate coefficient of the substrate removal, ??, by the adsorption during the fill period and the rate coefficient of the substrate biodegradation, ??, during the aeration period were decreased for phenol toxidity, but the activated energy of the substrate biodegradation, the sludge volume index and the suspended soild concentration were increased. It was found that the removal efficiency of COD was obtained more than 90% after the aeration period below 267(mg/l) of the phenol concentration, and that the removal efficiency was remarkably decreased for the toxidity at 333(mg/l) of the phenol concentration.

인공함량과-고도처리공정에 의한 안전한 먹는 물의 생산

박영규 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.2

水溶液中의 DodecyI Benzene Sulfonate의 오존 酸化

朴永圭,李哲熙,韓明鎬 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 1985 연구보고 Vol.13 No.2

This study was conducted by the method of ozone demand flask to ozonize dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS) which is the principal component of the synthetic detergents. The results are summarized as follow; 1. For ozonization of DBS in aqueous solution, DBS was easily oxidized increasing pH and temperature. 2. The rate constant of the reaction, k is 1.70 min??, reaction order of DBS, n is 1.40 and the reaction order of ozone, m is 1.25 in the DBS-ozone system. 3. DBS removal rate is proportional to ozone dosage. 4. The utilizaion coefficient of ozone is directly proportional to initial concentration fo DBS because the ozone demand per removed DBS is increased according to decreasing initial concentration of DBS. And the ratio of initial concentration of DBS versus utilizationcoefficient is 0.037. 5 The removal rates of DBS, Fe, and Mn by ozone were in the order of Fe, Mn, and DBS in its rate. 6. For ozonization of DBS, Fe, and Mn in mixed-aqueous solution, DBS and Fe were preferential but Mn was not preferential.

낙동강수계의 수질과 안전한 수도물의 생산

박영규 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.2

여기서는 낙동강유역 ?????-N, VOCs 의 오염현황과 변이원성실험결과를 논의하였다. 특히 현풍지역에서 NH₄?-N와 VOCs로서 Chloroform, Trichloroethens, Stylene등이 다소 높게 나타났으며, 염소처리후의 Chloroform, Chloropicrine, 및 Stylene 농도는 각각 80.64, 2.70 그리고 0.24μg/ℓ이었다. 안전한 수돗물을 생산하기 위해서는 방류수수질기준, 하천수수질기준 및 음용수수질기준을 강화시켜야 할 필요가 있다. 또한 오염된 강물을 원수로 하여 안전한 수돗물을 생산하려면 고차처리방법을 도입해야 한다. 여기서는 그 방안들을 검토하였다. 강둑여과로써 일차수질을 개량한 후 고도정수처리를 하는 독일 Dusseldorf와 Koln 정수장과 재래식 공정으로 처리한 후 고도처리하는 파리의 Choisy-Le-Roi 정수장을 두 가지 본보기로서 제시하였다. 돌발오염사건에 대비하여 취수지점 상류에 주요 수질항목을 연속자동분석 할 수 있는 자동경보장치를 설치하여 원수를 감시할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. The analytical results of ammonium, VOCs, and mutagenicity arounding the Nakdong river basin were discussed in this paper. Particulary, slight high concentration of ammonium and VOCs such as chloroform, trichloroethene, stylene in Hyunpung area were reported comparing to other sites. The values of chloroform, chloropicrine, and stylene, after chlorination, were to be as 80.64, 2.70 and 0.24μg/ℓ, respectively. To produce the safety drinking water, it is necessary that the effluent standard, surface water quality standard and drinking water standard should be strengthen. These kinds of necessity and countermeasure were also discussed. Judging from above water quality, advanced water treatment method should be introduced to produce safe drinking water. On the view point of this goal, two types of advanced water treatment plant were illustrated. The first type using bank filtration to obtain improved surface water quality is Dusseldorf and Ko ln water treatment plant in Germany. Choisy-Le-Roi water treatment plant in France was explained as the second type. In case of Choisy-Le-Roi water treatment plant, advanced water treatment systems were followed by conventional treatment systems in this plant. To cope with emergent situations for the case of accidental pollution, automatic alarm station must be installed at upstream of intake site which can analysis main parameters continuously at all times.

全南地方 飼育乳牛에 있어서 繁殖障害의 實態 및 發生要因分析

朴永埈,康炳奎 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1972 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.6 No.-

A systemic studies for reproductive and nutritional problems to conduct a herd infertility examinations were performed on one hundred and fourty seven cows in Kwang-ju, Chonnam area during the period from June 1 to August 30, 1971. The examination involves evaluation of breeding history and laboratory tests to make an objective diagnosis on nutrio-reproductive syndrome. An analysis of data from a dairy herd with a repeat breeding problems is presented and the purpose of this paper is to discuss some management practices that relate to cattle fertility, some of which are directly applicable today and some that may become available in the future. 1. Total of 147 cows examined were grouped as pregnant(60.5%), anestrus after breeding(10.8%), unknown to conception(15.7%), repeat breeder(10.8%) and others(2.1 %). Evaluation for the breeding history of the herd and the reasons for culling indicated that the repeat breeder was the major problems especially on the large herd (type-A and B farm) than the small one (type-C) in this area. 2. The reproductive histories and results of reproductive examainations were as follows. Calving intervals were 512 days(17.4 months), the interval from parturition to first breeding 91.3 days and postpartum interval to first estrus 52.6 days respectively. Service per conception rate was observed as 1.4, and the 30-60-day and 60-90-day nonereturns were 42.9 and 91.5 per cent. These findings were a sign that cows might not be cycling by 60 days, or that estrus detection was inferior. 3. Tendency towards a frequency of conception and parturition through one year was evaluated, and it was suggested that the problems of summer sterility should be re-evaluated because of the conception rate was low in August to October. On the other hand, natural breeding was frequently used instead of artificial insemination service on the mating system in this area. 4. The mean value of the examined cows for red blood cell count and hemoglobin values were 5.5×10 6 per cmm and 7.8 grams per 100ml of blood. It was markedly noticed that the mean value of red blood cell of the anestrus after breeding group was lower than that of the pregnant group(P<0.05). It seemed to be a anemic condition because of the mean value was relatively low compared with the reported values in other countries. 5. The mean value for total serum protein was 7.3 grams per 100ml of blood and it was observed that unknown to conception group showed the lowest value, and almost all the cows which showed abnormal values belonged to the repeat breeder group. 6. The mean value for serum calcium was 4.5 mEq per liter of blood, which was coincide with the lowest range of the normal value(4.5 to 5.5mEq/L). Significant differences on the calcium contents were observed between the anestrus after breeding(P<0.05) and repeat breeder group(P<0.01) to pregnant group. On the other hand, the mean value for serum inorganic phosphorus was 7.3mg per 100ml of blood, which was the normal value(7.0 to 7.5mg/100ml). The Ca/P ratio was observed as 1.47 as a mean of total examined cows but more than 50 per cent of repeat breeder and unknown to conception groups showed, hypocalcemia. 7. Normal A/G ratio was observed as a mean, but 62 cows(45.6%) were positive by the liver function test(Hayem's and gross reaction), and almost all the positive cows on the test had the abnormal total serum protein values. 8. No significant features were observed among the groups in the mode of internalparasite infection, but the liver-fluke infection was demonstrated in 48 cows(32.6%), and of these 66.7 per cent were positive in the liver function test. 9. Follow-up evaluations on the results of the laboratory tests strongly suggest that the problems of repeat breeder had a tendency to occur more frequently in the large herd (A and B-type farm), and on the other hand, abnormal conditions, especially on the calcium and phosphorus metabolism, observed more frequently in the subsidiary dairy farm management(C-type). 10. With evaluations for maintaining high fertility in healthy herds and illustrated results from a herd on a systemic herd health programs, followings may be pointed out for recommendation. First, it is necessary to consider a countermeasure against the faulty management followed by the tendency of large herd. Second, the feeding and management technic of farmers should be improved not to-produce the nutrio-reproductive syndrome. Third, the poor test results of repeat breeder and unknown to conception groups may be related with. the reproductive disturbances and actions should be taken to increase the reproductive efficiency.

방송활용수업 분석

박석규,전영미 울산과학대학 1995 연구논문집 Vol.21 No.-

본 연구에서는 TV방송매체를 학교현장에 효율적으로 활용할 수 있도록 방송활용수업의 기본개념을 규명하고, 또한 직접 TV방송매체를 수업에 활용하는 교사들을 혼란하게 만들고 있는 자료형 방송활용수업(한국교육개발원의 방송활용수업 모형)과 모델형 방송활용수업(일본의 방송에 의한 수업 모형)의 활용목적, 활용절차 및 활용방법에서 각각의 장단점을 비교.검토함으로써 TV방송매체를 수업에 직접 활용하는 교사들에게 방송활용수업에 대한 이해는 물론 방송교재를 수업에 활용하는 기준을 제공하고자 한다. The main research tasks of the present study was to analyze the instructional instructional model, and methodological features in teaching-learning process of the two types of the instruction using ITV program, i.e. the materials type of the instruction using ITV program and the modeling type of the instruction using ITV program. The main purposes of the present study through these analyses were as follows: (1) To establish the purpose and methodology of using ITV program in classroom. (2) To provide the practical evidences that is useful to solve the selective problems, that is,which type of the instruction using ITV program should be used? The obtained conclusions of the present study were as follows: (1) The type of the instruction using ITV program that could optimize the characteristics and functions of ITV program is the modeling type of the instruction using ITV program. (2) The research movement of the instructional system and design is transformed to cognition paradigm and structural paradigm. Therefore, the proper type of the instruction using ITV program that come up with these trends is the modeling type of the instruction using ITV program. (3) The instruction using ITV program of the foregin countries is transformed to the pararell curriculum of the instruction using ITV program that could foster the ability of monitoring ITV program. Therefore, the instruction using ITV program that could satisfy the pararell curriculum is the modeling type of the instruction using ITV program. (4) The instruction using ITV program is the modeling type of the instruction using ITV program, that could optimize the information processing ability and problem solving ability needed in modern inforamtion society. (5) The instruction using ITV program is the materials type of the instruction using ITV program, that could make learners to acquire knowledge systematically. (6) Researchers of the present study have explored the instruction using ITV program that could be applied to this country. And the new type of the instruction using ITV program explored by the researcher is a comprehensive type of the instruction using ITV program. A comprehensive type of the instruction using ITV program was explored by considering the mothodological weak points and strong points of the materials type of the instruction using ITV program and the modeling type of the instruction using ITV program. A comprehensive type of the instruction using ITV program could foster not only systematic learning of knowledge but also information processing ability and problem solving ability. And a comprehensive type of the instruction using ITV program makes teachers understand students, and make students cognize teachers as the comraders of learning. As though a comprehensive type of the instruction using ITV program explored by researcher dose not use advanced component such as computer and compact disk, it is a type of media-mixture technique, and therefore it can be accomdated freely. In conclusion, Teachers should understand various types of the instruction using ITV program, and should find the most suitable type of the instruction using ITV program that is useful to various instructional purposes. And to be the most effective teacher, they shoule used to every type of the instruction using ITV program.

洛東江 水質汚染에 따른 淨水處理 改善에 關한 硏究(I)

朴永圭,李哲熙,曺秉樂,金水源 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1981 環境硏究 Vol.1 No.1

The largest Water-Treatment Plant in Daegu draws its raw water from the nackdong River which is increasingly polluted by the growth of urban population and industries around the Daegu City. In conventional water treatment process, the efficiency of the production of treated water is affected by algae concentration in the raw water, especiaally in April, May and September in the dry season. A pilot plant study on the efficiency of the removal of the suspended solids by dissolved air flotation was conducted and the results are summarized as follows : 1. It was confirmed that the production of treated water by the conventional water treatment process decreased especially in dry months when the efficiency of algal removal is low and frequency of back washing is higher than normal. 2. Influent suspended solids and influent turbidity of the raw water of the Nackdong River are related in the formula : Si = 1.6 Ti. From this equation, we derived A/S = (R/A) 1.2 Sa (f.p-1) / 1.6 Ti as control function of dissolved air flotation, we also determinded optimum dosage of alum for optimum conditions of coagulation at the various turbidities of raw water. 3. Polyelectrolyte added increased the effect of flotation in the coagulation process with stabilzation for floc. Treatment effect is also decrased with partial drops of floated particles when sludge of flotation tank is not removdd for a long time. 4. The efficiency of the suspended solids removal in the raw water appears to be fast similar between the air flotation process and the drinking water in the case of the air flotation process. because the detention time needed only 20 minute.

염색공업단지 폐수처리장의 유입폐수 특성

박영규,이철희,양용운 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.2

요 약 문대구 D염색공단의 대표적인 염색가공업체에서 유출되는 폐수와 공단처리장에 유입되는 1 년간(1994. 1-1994. 12) 종합폐수의 수질 및 오염부하변동을 조사하였다.Polyester감량업체의 연평균 BOD 3,112㎎/ℓ , CODMn l,402㎎/ℓ이고, COD/BOD비는 0.34이 였으며, 면 T/C업체의 연평균 BOD 885㎎/ℓ, CODMn 676㎎/ℓ이고, COD/BOD비는 0.76이 였 다. (그리고 Nylon업체의 연평균 BOD 582㎎/ℓ, CODMn 376㎎/ℓ이고, COD/BOD비는 0.65 이였으며, 나염 관련업체의 COD/BOD비는 1.18이였다. )공동폐수처리장에 유입되는 유량의 78%가 50,000 ㎡/day∼60,000㎡/day이였으며, 연평균 수온은 35tC, pH는 11.6∼12.9 범위이고, 부유물질은 92㎎/ℓ 이였다. 공동폐수처리장에 유입 되는 연평균 BOD 및 COD Mn은 각각 1,824mg/ℓ, 760mg/ℓ이고, COD/BOD비는 0.42이였다. 연평균 BOD 및 CODMn 부하량은 각각 107,616kg/day, 45,O17kg/day이고, 이중 부하량 분포 에서 BOD는 80,000∼90,000kg/day 범위가 약 31 %, CODMn은 45,000∼50,000 kg/day 범위가 약 63%로 가장 많은 빈포를 차지하였다. 전체적으로 BOD 부하량는 60,000∼110,000kg/ day 분포가 약 81 %, CODMn 부하량은 40,000∼55,000 kg/day 분포가 약 92%이 였다. Abstract The wastewater discharged from several major dyeing processing industries and the mixed influent wastewater in Taegu D dyeing industrial complex were investigated for a year (1994. 1 ∼ 1994. 12) in order to evaluate the fluctuation of pollutant 1oadings.Average wastewater qualities from the polyester processing were BOD 3,112 mg/ℓ and CODMn l,042 mg/ℓ and those from the cotton T/C processing were BOD 885 mg/ℓ , CODMnMn 676 mg/ℓ and COD/BOD ratios were 0.34 and 0.76, respectively. An addition, average wastewater qualities from the pylolyester processing were BOD 3,112 mg/ℓand CODMn 736 mg/ℓ and COD/BOD Fatio was 1.18 from the printing processing,Flow rate of 78 % at dyeing industrial complex wastewater treatnlent plant was found to be on the range of 50,000㎡/day∼ 60,000㎡/day and the average mixed wastewater qualities were characterized as water tempereture 35℃, pH 12.1, suspended solid 92 mg/ℓ , BOD 1,824 mg/ℓ and CODMn 760 ㎎/ℓ.Average BOD and CODMn loadings were l07,616 kg/day,45,017 kg/day, respectively. About 31% of daily BOD loadings fell on the range of 80,000∼90,000 kg/day and about 63% COD Mn 1oadings did on the range of 45,000∼ 50,000 kg/day, which showed the most frequent range. And about 81 % of total BOD loading was found from 60,000 to 110,000 kg/day and about 92% of total CODMn loading ranged from 40,000 to 55,000 kg/day.

CTS法에 의한 Bi-Fe-XO系의 混合溶液에서 Bi와 Fe 同時定量

朴永圭,全錫柱 嶺南大鶴校 工業技術硏究所 1978 연구보고 Vol.6 No.1

A simultaneous determination of Bi and Fe in a mixture were studied with ligand XO at PH 2 by CTS method. The composition of Bi-XO complex was confirmed to be 2:1 ratio (metal: ligand), not only by the mole ratio method at maximum wavelength 565mu, but also by the Qr plot which has one a inflection point. In case of Fe-XO complex, the 1:1 complex of metal to ligand was also identified. The determined apparent stability constant of Bi-XO complex and Fe-XO complex were 3.39×10 , 4.37×10 respectively. Fe and Bi were determined by CTS method with the relative error within 2.0%, 3.0% respectively, and also the simultaneous determination of Fe and Bi in a mixture could be satisfied with ligand XO.