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Interaction of NADPH oxidase 1 with Toll-like receptor 2 induces migration of smooth muscle cells
Lee, Jee Hyun,Joo, Jung Hee,Kim, Jinoh,Lim, Hee Jung,Kim, Sunah,Curtiss, Linda,Seong, Je Kyung,Cui, Wenhao,Yabe-Nishimura, Chihiro,Bae, Yun Soo Oxford University Press 2013 Cardiovascular research Vol.99 No.3
<P><B>Aims</B></P><P>NADPH oxidase (Nox) isozymes that generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), an inflammatory mediator, are both involved in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. To identify the molecular connection between TLR2 and Nox isozymes in vascular remodelling, we analysed generation of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines in aortic smooth muscle cells from Nox1-deficient mice in response to the synthetic triacylated lipoprotein Pam3CSK, a TLR2 agonist.</P><P><B>Methods and results</B></P><P>We showed that TLR2 signalling stimulates progression of the pro-inflammatory phenotype in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MASMCs) through activation of Nox1. We demonstrated the interaction of TLR2 with Nox1 using yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. MASMCs from Nox1-deficient mice failed to generate of ROS in response to Pam3CSK4, indicating that Nox1 is essential for TLR2-dependent production of ROS. We also found that Pam3CSK4 stimulated migration of MASMCs from wild-type mice in a Transwell system, but MASMCs from Nox1-deficient mice failed to show this response. Wild-type MASMCs produced matrix metalloprotease 2 in response to Pam3CSK4, whereas Nox1-deficient MASMCs failed to generate this protease. Moreover, stimulation of MASMCs with Pam3CSK4 resulted in increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage inflammatory protein 2 in a Nox1-dependent manner, leading to enhanced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and trans-endothelial migration of U937 cells.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These data suggest that Nox1 plays an important role in TLR2-mediated intracellular H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> generation, activation of matrix metalloprotease 2, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn stimulate MASMC migration and vascular remodelling.</P>
V-groove 박판의 FCAW와 EGW 공정에 따른 변형에 미치는 공정인자 영향
한주호,전재승,박철성,오종인,윤진오,이정수,Han, Juho,Jeon, Jaeseung,Park, Chulsung,Oh, Chongin,Yun, Jinoh,Lee, Jeongsoo 대한용접접합학회 2013 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Finite element analysis and welding experiments were performed to evaluate deformation aspect for Flux Cored Arc Welding(FCAW) and Electro Gas Welding(EGW). Numerical researches of FCAW and EGW were performed considering the difference of number of welding pass and welding direction to arc flow. To perform the numerical study of FCAW and EGW, number of welding pass and welding direction to arc flow were considered in the finite element model. FCAW process requires multi pass and its welding direction is vertical to welding torch. On the other hand, EGW process requires single pass and its welding direction is parallel to welding torch. The difference of welding direction and heat input was considered in the finite element analysis. In FCAW process, Goldak's double ellipsoidal heat input model was adopted. In the EGW process, Hemi-spherical power density distribution was adopted. In the results of experiment and finite element analysis, angular deformation of FCAW process is larger than that of EGW process.