Prediction of a Null Response to Pegylated Interferon α-2b Plus Ribavirin in Patients with High Viral Load Genotype 1b Hepatitis C

( Yuki Wada ),( Hideyuki Tamai ),( Akira Kawashima ),( Naoki Shingaki ),( Yoshiyuki Mori ),( Masanori Kawaguchi ),( Kosaku Moribata ),( Hisanobu Deguchi ),( Kazuki Ueda ),( Izumi Inoue ),( Takao Maeki 대한소화기학회 2014 Gut and Liver Vol.8 No.4

Background/Aims: The present study aimed to clarify whether virological response within 2 weeks after therapy initiation can predict a null response to pegylated interferon α-2b plus ribavirin therapy in patients with high viral load genotype 1b hepatitis C. Methods: The participants consisted of 72 patients with high viral load genotype 1b. The dynamics of viral load within 2 weeks were measured. Results: Significant differences between null responders and nonnull responders were noted for interleukin (IL)-28B genotype, amino acid 70 substitution, α-fetoprotein, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hyaluronic acid, and viral response. The area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic curve of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level decline at 2 weeks (AUC=0.993) was the highest among the factors predicting the null response. When the cutoff value for the HCV RNA level decline at 2 weeks was set at 0.80 log, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy in predicting a null response were 82%, 96%, 82%, 96%, and 94%, respectively. In comparison, values for the non-TT and mutant type of amino acid 70 substitution were similar to those for HCV RNA level decline at 2 weeks. Conclusions: Virological response at 2 weeks or the combination of IL-28B and amino acid 70 substitution are accurate predictors of a null response. (Gut Liver 2014;8:421-427)

Strong supramolecular binding of Li⁺@C₆₀ with sulfonated <i>meso</i>-tetraphenylporphyrins and long-lived photoinduced charge separation

Ohkubo, Kei,Kawashima, Yuki,Fukuzumi, Shunichi The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.36

<P>A supramolecular binding occurred between lithium ion encapsulated [60]fullerene (Li<SUP>+</SUP>@C<SUB>60</SUB>) and sulfonated tetraphenylporphyrins ([MTPPS]<SUP>4−</SUP> M = H<SUB>2</SUB> and Zn) in a benzonitrile solution. Photoexcitation of Li<SUP>+</SUP>@C<SUB>60</SUB>/[MTPPS]<SUP>4−</SUP> results in formation of a long-lived charge-separated state by photoinduced electron transfer.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Supramolecular complexes were formed between lithium ion encapsulated [60]fullerene (Li<SUP>+</SUP>@C<SUB>60</SUB>) and sulfonated tetraphenylporphyrins in benzonitrile, affording the long-lived triplet charge-separated state by photoinduced electron transfer. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc31186k'> </P>

Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of composite photovoltaic cells of Li⁺@C₆₀–sulphonated porphyrin supramolecular nanoclusters

Ohkubo, Kei,Kawashima, Yuki,Sakai, Hayato,Hasobe, Taku,Fukuzumi, Shunichi The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Chemical communications Vol.49 No.40

<P>A photoelectrochemical solar cell composed of supramolecular nanoclusters of lithium encapsulated fullerene and zinc sulphonated <I>meso</I>-tetraphenylporphyrin exhibits significant enhancement in the photoelectrochemical performance as compared with the reference system containing only a single component.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A photoelectrochemical solar cell composed of supramolecular nanoclusters of Li<SUP>+</SUP>@C<SUB>60</SUB> and ZnTPPS<SUP>4−</SUP> exhibits significant enhancement in the photoelectrochemical performance. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cc41187g'> </P>

Photoinduced Electron Transfer from a Tetrathiafulvalene-Calix[4]pyrrole to a Porphyrin Carboxylate within a Supramolecular Ensemble

Davis, Christina M.,Kawashima, Yuki,Ohkubo, Kei,Lim, Jong Min,Kim, Dongho,Fukuzumi, Shunichi,Sessler, Jonathan L. American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.25

<P>A supramolecular assembly is formed upon mixing millimolar concentrations of a <I>tetrakis</I>-tetrathiafulvalene calix[4]pyrrole (TTF-C4P) and a porphyrin tetraethylammonium carboxylate salt in benzonitrile (PhCN). The TTF-C4P binds to the carboxylate moiety of the porphyrin with a 1:1 stoichiometry and a binding constant of 6.3 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> M<SUP>–1</SUP> in this solvent at 298 K. Laser photoexcitation of the supramolecular complex results in formation of the triplet charge-separated (CS) state composed of a radical cation of the TTF-C4P receptor and the radical anion of the porphyrin carboxylate. These processes and the resulting states were characterized by means of transient absorption and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopies. The rate constants corresponding to the forward and backward intramolecular electron-transfer (ET) processes were determined to be 2.1 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> and 3.6 × 10<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>, respectively. The rate constants of intermolecular forward and backward electron transfer were also determined to be 4.4 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> and 9.8 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>, respectively. The electronic coupling constant (<I>V</I>), 1.2 × 10<SUP>–2</SUP> cm<SUP>–1</SUP>, and the reorganization energy (λ), 0.76 eV, for back electron transfer were evaluated from the temperature dependence of the rate constants of intramolecular electron transfer. The small <I>V</I> value indicates little spin-forbidden interaction between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and substantiates the long-lived CS lifetime. These results were corroborated by density function theory (DFT) calculations, which provided support for the conclusion that the HOMO and LUMO, located on a TTF moiety of the TTF-C4P and the porphyrin core, respectively, have little interaction though space.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-25/jp504087b/production/images/medium/jp-2014-04087b_0014.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp504087b'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Ion-Controlled On–Off Switch of Electron Transfer from Tetrathiafulvalene Calix[4]pyrroles to Li⁺@C₆₀

Fukuzumi, Shunichi,Ohkubo, Kei,Kawashima, Yuki,Kim, Dong Sub,Park, Jung Su,Jana, Atanu,Lynch, Vincent M.,Kim, Dongho,Sessler, Jonathan L. American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.133 No.40

<P>Binding of chloride anion to a tetrathiafulvalene calix[4]pyrrole (TTF-C4P) donor results in ET to Li<SUP>+</SUP>@C<SUB>60</SUB> to produce the radical pair (TTF-C4P<SUP>•+</SUP>/Li<SUP>+</SUP>@C<SUB>60</SUB><SUP>•–</SUP>), the structure of which was characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The addition of tetraethylammonium cation, which binds more effectively than Li<SUP>+</SUP>@C<SUB>60</SUB><SUP>•–</SUP> as a guest within the TTF-C4P cavity, leads to electron back-transfer, restoring the initial oxidation states of the donor and acceptor pair.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2011/jacsat.2011.133.issue-40/ja207588c/production/images/medium/ja-2011-07588c_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja207588c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja207588c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

What Factors Mediate Individual Differences in Color Matching?

Atsushi Konno,Kunihiro Hatakeyama,Yuki Kawashima,Tomonori Tashiro,Takehiro Nagai,Yasuki Yamauchi 한국색채학회 2017 AIC 2017 Jeju Vol.2017 No.10

We aimed to specify physiological factors which mediate individual differences in color matching. In previous studies, we found that the deviations of the color matching for the red-green direction is correlated with the macular pigment density. However, the factors causing blue-yellow deviation were not clarified. In this study, we performed a color matching experiment using metamers with the identical tristimulus values and an identical amount of the macular pigment absorption to examine the deviations of the color matching in the blue-yellow direction. As a result, there was a correlation between color matching deviations and the amounts of light absorbed by lens for each metamer, suggesting that the deviations of color matching in blue-yellow direction may be due to the amount absorbed of lens. These results suggest that individual difference in color matching in short wavelength light is strongly mediated by these two physiological properties of the eye.

A Practical Grading Scale for Predicting Outcomes of Radiosurgery for Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: JLGK 1802 Study

Hirotaka Hasegawa,Masahiro Shin,Jun Kawagishi,Hidefumi Jokura,Toshinori Hasegawa,Takenori Kato,Mariko Kawashima,Yuki Shinya,Hiroyuki Kenai,Takuya Kawabe,Manabu Sato,Toru Serizawa,Osamu Nagano,Kyoko Ao 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.2

Background and Purpose To assess the long-term outcomes of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or embolization and SRS (Emb- SRS) and to develop a grading system for predicting DAVF obliteration. Methods This multi-institutional retrospective study included 200 patients with DAVF treated with SRS or Emb-SRS. We investigated the long-term obliteration rate and obliteration-associated factors. We developed a new grading system to estimate the obliteration rate. Additionally, we compared the outcomes of SRS and Emb-SRS by using propensity score matching. Results The 3- and 4-year obliteration rates were 66.3% and 78.8%, respectively. The post-SRS hemorrhage rate was 2%. In the matched cohort, the SRS and Emb-SRS groups did not differ in the rates of obliteration (P=0.54) or post-SRS hemorrhage (P=0.50). In multivariable analysis, DAVF location and cortical venous reflux (CVR) were independently associated with obliteration. The new grading system assigned 2, 1, and 0 points to DAVFs in the anterior skull base or middle fossa, DAVFs with CVR or DAVFs in the superior sagittal sinus or tentorium, and DAVFs without these factors, respectively. Using the total points, patients were stratified into the highest (0 points), intermediate (1 point), or lowest (≥2 points) obliteration rate groups that exhibited 4-year obliteration rates of 94.4%, 71.3%, and 60.4%, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusions SRS-based therapy achieved DAVF obliteration in more than three-quarters of the patients at 4 years of age. Our grading system can stratify the obliteration rate and may guide physicians in treatment selection.