80μW/MHz 0.68V Ultra Low-Power Variation-Tolerant Superscalar Dual-Core Application Processor

Kwon, Youngsu,Lee, Jae-Jin,Shin, Kyoung-Seon,Han, Jin-Ho,Byun, Kyung-Jin,Eum, Nak-Woong The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2015 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.4 No.2

Upcoming ground-breaking applications for always-on tiny interconnected devices steadily demand two-fold features of processor cores: aggressively low power consumption and enhanced performance. We propose implementation of a novel superscalar low-power processor core with a low supply voltage. The core implements intra-core low-power microarchitecture with minimal performance degradation in instruction fetch, branch prediction, scheduling, and execution units. The inter-core lockstep not only detects malfunctions during low-voltage operation but also carries out software-based recovery. The chip incorporates a pair of cores, high-speed memory, and peripheral interfaces to be implemented with a 65nm node. The processor core consumes only 24mW at 350MHz and 0.68V, resulting in power efficiency of $80{\mu}W/MHz$. The operating frequency of the core reaches 850MHz at 1.2V.

A 32TFLOPS AI Processor with 1GHz General NN Accelerator

Youngsu Kwon,Yongcheol Peter Cho,Jeongmin Yang,Jaehoon Chung,Kyoung-Seon Shin,Jinho Han,Chan Kim,Chun-Gi Lyuh,Hyun-Mi Kim,Insan Jeon,Min-Seok Choi 대한전자공학회 2019 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.6

The Effect of Creating a Prior Event in Story Telling

Youngsu Kwon,Jungok Bae 언어과학회 2018 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.86

This study investigated what effect the creation of a prior event has on content quality in story writing and if the effect varies depending on easy versus difficult topics. Two topics (overslept, digging) were selected; for each topic, two tasks (prior-required, prior-unrequired) were developed. Middle-school students performed one of the four tasks. For the easy topic, the prior-required group had a greater proportion of prior events in the writing but a significantly lower mean for content. For the difficult topic, no significant difference was found in both domains. In conclusion, the task asking students to create a prior event is more difficult and has greater discriminatory power when used with an easy topic and is recommended as a test for selection purposes.

에너지저장장치용 확장성 프로파일 검증 소프트웨어 복잡도 분석에 관한 연구

권혁영 ( Hyeokyoung Kwon ),류영수 ( Youngsu Ryu ),박재홍 ( Jaehong Park ),권기원 ( Kiwon Kwon ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.17 No.5

최근 세계적으로 에너지 부족 문제를 해결하기 위해 에너지저장시스템에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 에너지저장시스템은 에너지 네트워크상의 모든 에너지 인프라에 대한 모니터링 및 제어를 통해 ESS(Energy Storage System) 에너지 사용을 극대화할 수 있다. 하지만 에너지저장시스템의 주요 부품이나 장치들 간의 호환 문제는 ESS 제품 개발에 걸림돌로 작용하고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 ESS 부품 및 장치들의 특성을 확장 할 수 있는 프로파일과 이를 검증할 수 있는 소프트웨어 기술이 요구되어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 에너지 저장장치용 확장성 프로파일 검증 소프트웨어의 구조에 따른 복잡도 분석에 관한 연구를 수행한다. 프로파일 검증 소프트웨어 분석을 위해 기존의 XML(eXtensible Markup Language) 기반의 프로파일과 C언어 구조체 기반의 프로파일을 사용한다. XML 기반의 프로파일을 여러번 파싱하는 복잡한 검증 구조와 파싱 절차를 감소하고 단순 반복을 이용한 C언어 구조체 기반의 검증 소프트웨어의 복잡도를 분석하고 비교한다. 시간 복잡도, 공간 복잡도 및 순환 복잡도 알고리즘을 이용하여 XML 기반의 프로파일과 C언어 구조체 기반의 프로파일 검증 소프트웨어의 복잡도를 비교 및 분석하여 연구 결과를 제시한다. Recently, a study has been progressed about the energy storage system for resolving energy shortage problems in the world. The energy storage system can maximize energy storage system`s energy usage by monitoring and controlling about all energy infrastructures on energy network. However, compatibility problems among main components or devices of the energy storage system are obstacles to development of energy storage system products. An extensible profile and extensible profile verification software being able to verify the extensible profile have been required in order to resolve compatibility problems. In this paper, the study on complexity analysis for the extensible profile verification software for the energy storage system is performed. A XML based profile and C language structure based profile are used for analysis of the profile verification software. The complexity of complex verification structure that parses the XML based profile several times and simple verification structure that parses the C language structure based profile are analyzed and compared. Time complexity, space complexity, and cyclomatic complexity are used for complexity analysis. By using these complexity analysis, the study result that compares and analyzes the complexity of XML based and C language structure based profile verification software is presented.

An Efficient 4K and 8K UHD Transmission Scheme on Convergence Networks with Broadcasting and LTE by using Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission System

( Youngsu Ryu ),( Kyungwon Park ),( Jungwook Wee ),( Kiwon Kwon ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.8

In this paper, an efficient 4K and 8K UHD(Ultra High Definition) transmission scheme is proposed on the convergence networks with broadcasting and LTE(Long Term Evolution) by using CoMP(Coordinated Multi-Point). A video data is compressed and divided into BL(Base Layer), E(Enhanced layer)1, E2 and E3 by scalable HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding). The divided layers can be combined by the scalable HEVC such as mobile HD, full HD, 4K and 8K UHD(Ultra High Definition). The divided layers are transmitted through the convergence networks with DVB-T2(Digital Video Broadcasting-2nd Generation Terrestrial) broadcasting system and LTE CoMP. This scheme transmits mobile HD and full HD layers through DVB-T2 broadcasting system by using M-PLP(Multiple-physical Layer Pipes), and adaptively transmits 4K or 8K UHD layer through LTE CoMP with MMT(MPEG Media Transport) server. An adaptive transmitting and receiving scheme in the LTE CoMP system provides 4K or 8K UHD layer to a user according to the user status. The proposed scheme is verified by showing the system-level simulation results which is better BER(bit-error-rate) performance than the conventional scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme provides the stable video contents to the user especially at the cell edge.

Treatment of a naso-orbito-ethmoid fracture using open reduction and suspension sutures: a case report

Youngsu Na,Chaneol Seo,Yongseok Kwon,Jee Nam Kim,Hyun Gon Choi,Dong Hyeok Shin,Myung Chul Lee 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.23 No.6

Naso-orbito-ethmoidal (NOE) fractures are complicated fractures of the mid-face. The treatment of NOE fractures is challenging and a comprehensive treatment strategy is required. We introduce a case of NOE fracture treated with open reduction and suspension sutures. A 28-year-old woman presented with a unilateral NOE fracture. To reduce the frontal process of the maxilla, a suspension suture was made by pulling the fragment using a double arm suture via a transcaruncular incision. The suture thread was placed in the horizontal plane. Another suspension suture on the inferior orbital rim assisted reduction procedure, and they passed through the overlying skin. The reduction alignment could be finely adjusted by tightening the transcutaneous suture threads while checking the degree of bone alignment through the subciliary incision. The two suture threads were suspended using a thermoplastic nasal splint. An additional skin incision on the medial canthal area, which would have resulted in a scar, could be avoided. Four months postoperatively, computed tomography showed an accurate and stable reduction. The patient was satisfied with her aesthetic appearance, and functional deficits were not present.

Selective photonic sintering of Ag flakes embedded in silicone elastomers to fabricate stretchable conductors

Oh, Youngsu,Yoon, In Seon,Lee, Chihak,Kim, Sun Hong,Ju, Byeong-Kwon,Hong, Jae-Min Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.5 No.45

<P>Stretchable conductors have recently attracted much attention because of rapid developments in wearable and deformable electronics. Conductors are one of the essential components of electronic devices. A photonic sintering process with intense pulsed light from a xenon lamp is used for sintering printed ink to fabricate conductors, without damaging the substrate. However, it is difficult to achieve the most desired properties such as high conductivity and mechanical stretchability in stretchable conductors fabricated by photonic sintering. Here, highly stretchable conductors are developed by the selective sintering of conductive materials embedded in silicone elastomers, overcoming this drawback. The conductors are composed of conductive Ag flakes and elastomeric Ecoflex. Photonic sintering generates conductive paths without damaging the transparent elastomer. As a result, a stretchability of 500% is achieved without the need for any structural designs. Furthermore, a wireless power transfer circuit incorporating the conductors was successfully applied to operate a light emitting diode wirelessly. This approach opens up the possibility of developing new types of stretchable and deformable electronics for future applications.</P>

학교 교육 활용을 위한 메이커 교육 구성 요소 탐색

권유진(Kwon, Yoojin),이영태(Lee, Youngtae),임윤진(Lim, Yunjin),박영수(Park, Youngsu),이은경(Lee, Eunkyung),박성석(Park, Seongseog) 한국가정과교육학회 2020 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.32 No.4

메이커 교육은 메이커스페이스에서 모인 메이커들이 서로의 활동과 경험을 공유한 메이커 운동에 기초하여 시작되었으며,메이커 교육에서 추구되는 교육적 가치는 구성주의 패러다임을 기반으로 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 학교 교육에 사용할 메이커교육의 구성 요소를 도출하여 메이커 교육의 특성과 교육적 가치에 초점을 맞추고 이를 활용하는 방법을 모색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 메이커 교육을 재개념화하기 위해 이론적 근거를 탐색하였고, 메이커 교육 수업을 진행하는 교사들의심층면담 자료를 중심으로 진술문을 도출하고 이에 대한 타당성을 전문가들을 통해 검토 받았다. 이러한 진술문을 토대로 메이커교육 활용을 위한 구성 요소를 도출함으로써 학교 교육에서의 메이커 교육의 방향을 설정하고 교과 수업 및 창의적 체험학습에서활용할 수 있는 예시 틀을 제안하였다. 연구 결과, 메이커 교육에서 메이커들은 활동을 수행하기 위해 협력하고, 다른 사람들과아이디어를 공유하고 향상시키려고 노력하며, 학습, 땜질, 디자인 사고, 메이커 활동, 공유 및 협력, 성찰 등의 자기 방향을포함한다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 메이커 교육은 특정 활동을 필요에 따라 학생의 선택에 국한시키는 것이 아니라 학생들이 실제겪는 문제를 해결할 수 있는 경험 학습을 강조한다. 활동의 결과물보다는 학습자의 행동 과정을 중시하고, 학습자의 실패를용인하며 재도전을 촉진하는 촉진자로서 교사의 역할을 강조한다. 향후 각 교과(커리큘럼 전문가, 교직 / 학습 전문가, 초 중학교교사, 부모, 지역 교육자 등) 및 학교 활동에 있어서 다양하게 활용될 수 있으며 학교 메이커 교육의 기초 연구로서 향후 연구방향 설정에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. Maker education started on the basis of the maker movement in which makers gathered in makerspace share their activitiesand experiences, and the educational value pursued in maker education is based on the constructivist paradigm. The purposeof this study is to present maker education components to be used in school education, focus on the characteristics and educationalvalues of maker education, and explore ways to use them. To this end, this study explored the theoretical grounds to re-conceptualizemaker education, drew statements based on in-depth interview data of teachers conducting maker education classes, and reviewedits validity through experts. Based on these statements, by deriving the components for the use of maker education, the directionof maker education in school education was set, and an example framework that could be used in subject class and creativeexperiential learning was proposed. Research shows that in maker education, makers cooperate to carry out activities, share ideaswith others and try to improve them, and include self-direction such as learning, tinkering, design thinking, sharing and reflection. can see. In addition, maker education emphasizes experiential learning that can solve real problems that students face, ratherthan confining specific activities to student choices as needed. It emphasizes the learner s course of action rather than the outcomeof the activity, tolerates the learner s failure, and emphasizes the role of the teacher as a facilitator to promote re-challenge. In the future, it can be used in various ways in each subject (curriculum expert, teaching/learning expert, elementary and middleschool teachers, parents, local educators, etc.) and school activities, and it will contribute to setting future research directionsas a basic research for school maker education.

80 μW/MHz, 850 MHz Fault Tolerant Processor with Fault Monitor Systems

Jinho Han,Youngsu Kwon,Kyeongsun Shin,Hoi-Jun Yoo 대한전자공학회 2017 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.17 No.5

The processor is becoming increasingly susceptible to transient faults with fluctuating voltage, widening operating temperature, and increasing clock frequency. Especially, processor, operating near threshold voltage for a low power, can expose to transient faults with the thin margin of process, voltage, and temperature. This paper presents a fault tolerant processor having on-chip fault monitor systems for processor core and cache, which detects faults and corrects faults, and a fault injector which injects faults for testing. The fault tolerant feature is analyzed by a fault injection and quantitative analysis complying with ISO26262 standard. As a result, the proposed work achieves 80 μW/MHz energy efficiency, 850 MHz maximum frequency, 72% fault trap reduction, and 99.23% single point fault failure rate complying with ISO26262.

Design and Implementation of 8K UHD Encapsulation Method for Efficient Transmission and Reception based on MMT

( Seulki Song ),( Youngsu Ryu ),( Jungwook Wee ),( Kyungwon Park ),( Kiwon Kwon ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.2

In this Paper, we propose 8K UHD (Ultra High Definition) encapsulation method for efficient transmission and reception based on MMT (MPEG Media Transport). Broadcasting services for 8K UHD allow users to feel the maximized reality. However, present technology is difficult to provide 8K UHD in broadcasting networks, because the 8K UHD bitrate is too high to be transmitted in the current broadcasting networks. Research for transmitting 8K UHD is underway. In some researches, a receiver is implemented with four 4K UHD display instead of a 8K UHD display. In order to transmit 8K UHD within the limited transmission bitrate of broadcasting network, 8K UHD contents encoded by SHVC (Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding) and then transmitted over heterogeneous network. For using the broadcasting and communication networks, MMT standard is used. MMT is IP based transmission protocol as the next generation transmission protocol. According to the MMT standard, video stream encapsulated and transmitted in MMTP (MMT Protocol) packet. IP-based broadcasting and communication networks can be used to transmit simultaneously, and the receiver can synchronize and play it. We propose an encapsulation method that can efficiently transmit and receive 8K UHD. The proposed method increases a payload rate and decreases an initial delay at the receiver. We show that the efficiency of the proposed method is verified by experimental tests.