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Shin, Sora,Son, Younglim,Liu, Kwang-Hyeon,Kang, Wonku,Oh, Sangtaek Elsevier 2019 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.131 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Aberrant activation of β-catenin-response transcription (CRT) is a well-recognized characteristic of colorectal and liver cancers and thus a potential therapeutic target for these malignancies. <I>Broussonetia papyrifera</I> (paper mulberry) has been used as a herbal medicine to treat various diseases. Using a sensitive cell-based screening system, we identified broussochalcone A (BCA), a prenylated chalcone isolated from <I>Broussonetia papyrifera</I>, as an antagonist of CRT. BCA accelerated the turnover of intracellular β-catenin that was accompanied by its N-terminal phosphorylation at Ser33/37/Thr41 residues, marking it for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β could not abrogate BCA-mediated degradation of β-catenin. BCA decreased the intracellular β-catenin levels in colon and liver cancer cells with mutations in β-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and Axin. BCA repressed the expressions of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and Axin2, which are β-catenin/T-cell factor-dependent genes, and thus decreased the viability of colon and liver cancer cell. Moreover, apoptosis was elicited by BCA, as indicated by the increase in the population of Annexin V-FITC positive cells and caspase-3/7 activities in colon and liver cancer cells. These findings indicate that BCA exerts its cytotoxic effects by promoting phosphorylation/ubiquitin-dependent degradation of β-catenin and may potentially serve as a chemopreventive agent for colonrectal and liver cancers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> BCA is a specific antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. </LI> <LI> BCA promotes β-catenin degradation protein <I>via</I> a destruction complex-independent mechanism. </LI> <LI> BCA represses β-catenin-dependent gene expression in colon and liver cancer cells. </LI> <LI> BCA decreases the viability of colon and liver cancer cells. </LI> <LI> BCA induces apoptosis in colon and liver cancer cells. </LI> </UL> </P>
신재호(Jae-Ho Shin),고영림(Younglim Kho),박나연(Nayoun Park),방선아(Sunah Bang),임초롱(Cho Rong Lim),김판기(Pan-Gyi Kim),김정환(Jung Hoan Kim) 한국식품과학회 2016 한국식품과학회지 Vol.48 No.6
국내에서 유통되는 조리식품 6종류, 151점의 시료를 수집하여 LC-MS/MS를 이용해 PFCs 잔류 수준을 측정하였다. 총 12종의 PFCs를 분석하였으며, PFBS를 제외한 PFCs의 회수율은 82.2-119.4%였으며, 정밀도는 2.2-28.9%였다. PFCs물질별로는 PFPeA(84.1%)와 PFOA (82.8%) 검출률이 높았고, PFOS의 검출률은 29.1%였으며, 대부분의 시료에서 PFOA가 PFOS보다 잔류 수준이 높은 경향을 보였다. 시료의 총 PFCs의 평균 농도는 1.68±1.79 ng/g이었으며, PFPeA와 PFOA의 비중이 높았다. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are linked to adverse effect on human healths, therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the levels of PFCs in prepared food. One hundred and fifty-one samples of six prepared food groups were purchased from retail food establishments in Korea. Twelve PFCs were detected in the sample, the accuracy ranged between 80.8-119.4% and precision ranged between 2.2-2.89% high and low concentrations in PFCs spiked samples. The detection frequency of perfluoro-pentanoic acid (PFPeA) was and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) above the limit of detection, which was 84.1 and 82.8%, respectively, but positive detection frequency of perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) was as shown as low as 29.1%. Residual PFOA levels in most of the samples were higher than the PFOS levels. The average concentration of total PFCs in the samples was 1.68±1.79 ng/g, and PFPeA and PFOA were the predominant PFCs.
Lee, Sangwoo,Kim, Cheolmin,Shin, Hyesoo,Kho, Younglim,Choi, Kyungho Elsevier 2019 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.221 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Several structural analogues of bisphenol A (BPA), e.g., bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol Z (BPZ), have been used as its substitutes in many applications and consequently detected in the environment, and human specimen such as urine and serum. While BPA has been frequently reported for thyroid hormone disruption in both experimental and epidemiological studies, less is known for the BPA analogues. In the present study, thyroid hormone disrupting effects of BPF, BPS and BPZ, were investigated, and compared with those of BPA, using embryo-larval zebrafish (<I>Danio rerio</I>). At 120 hpf, significant increases in T3 and/or T4 were observed in the larval fish following exposure to BPA, BPF, or BPS. Moreover, transcriptional changes of the genes related to thyroid development (<I>hhex</I> and <I>tg</I>), thyroid hormone transport (<I>ttr</I>) and metabolism (<I>ugt1ab</I>) were observed as well. Thyroid hormone (T4) disruption by BPF was observed even at the concentration (2.0 mg/L) lower than the effective concentration determined for BPA (>2.0 mg/L). Delayed hatching was observed by all tested bisphenols. Our results clearly show that these BPA analogues can disrupt thyroid function of the larval fish, and their thyroid hormone disruption potencies could be even greater than that of BPA. The concentrations which disrupt thyroid function of the larval fish were orders of magnitude higher than those occurring in the ambient environment. However, thyroid hormone disruption by longer term exposure and its consequences in the fish population, deserve further investigation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Thyroid disruption of three BPA substitutes was studied. </LI> <LI> BPA, BPF, and BPS significantly increased T3 and/or T4 levels in larval zebrafish. </LI> <LI> The genes related to TH synthesis were also up-regulated. </LI> <LI> Hatching delay was also observed in larval fish after exposure. </LI> <LI> Similar to BPA, several BPA analogues are thyroid disruptors. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Byoungkwan Kim,Jaehyuk Kang,Younglim Shin,Tae-min Yeo,Wooyong Um 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1
Immobilization of radioactive borate waste containing a high boron concentration using cement waste form has been challenged because the soluble borate phase such as boric acid reacts with calcium compounds, hindering the hydration reaction in cement waste form. Metakaolin-based geopolymer waste form which has a pure aluminosilicate system without calcium can be a promising alternative for the cement; however, secondary B-O-Si networks are formed by a reaction between borate and silicate, resulting in poor mechanical characteristics such as low compressive strength and final setting retardation. Thus, it is important to optimize the Si/Al molar ratio and curing temperature which are critical parameters of geopolymer waste form to increase borate waste loading and enhance the durability of geopolymer. Here, metakaolin-based geopolymer waste form to immobilize simulant radioactive borate waste was fabricated by varying the Si/Al molar ratio and curing temperature. The 7 days-compressive strength results reveals that the Si/Al molar ratio of 1.4 and curing at 60°C is advantageous to achieving high waste loading (30wt%). In addition, geopolymer waste forms with the highest borate waste loading exceeded the 3.445 MPa after the waste form acceptance criteria such as thermal cycling, gamma irradiation, and water immersion tests. The leachability index of boron was 7.56 and the controlling leaching mechanism was diffusion. The thermal cycling and gamma irradiation did not significantly change the geopolymer structure. The physically incorporated borate waste was leached out from geopolymer waste form during leaching and water immersion tests. Considering these results, metakaolin-based geopolymer waste form with a low Si/Al ratio is a promising candidate for borate waste immobilization, which has been difficult using cement.
Kim, Sujin,Lee, Seonyeong,Shin, Chorong,Lee, Jangwoo,Kim, Sunmi,Lee, Aram,Park, Jeongim,Kho, Younglim,Moos, Rebecca K.,Koch, Holger M.,Kim, Sungkyoon,Choi, Kyungho Elsevier 2018 International journal of hygiene and environmental Vol.221 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Parabens and triclosan have been widely used in many personal care products and cosmetics. The endocrine disrupting potential of these compounds is of increasing public health concern. The aim of this study is to understand the current exposure profile of these chemicals in last void before bedtime (night-time) and first-morning void (first-morning) urines among a Korean population and to characterize their exposure sources and pathways.</P> <P>A total of 261 people, including infants (0–2 years), toddlers (3–6 years), children (7–12 years), adolescents (13–18 years), and adults (≥19 years), were recruited, and sampled for night-time urine and first-morning urine of the following day. Methyl (MeP), ethyl (EtP), propyl (PrP) and butyl paraben (BuP), and triclosan were measured in urine. The demographic characteristics, use of personal care products, and food consumption were obtained through a questionnaire.</P> <P>Among the target compounds, EtP and MeP were most frequently detected at the highest concentrations. The median concentration of EtP in night-time urine was 32.4 μg/L (interquartile range: 8.37–82.8 μg/L), which is higher than previously reported worldwide. Unlike other test compounds, compared to those measured from first-morning urine, the EtP concentrations were significantly higher in night-time urine, suggesting the presence of different exposure sources. Among adults, the MeP and PrP concentrations in night-time urine were associated with frequent use of skin care products, colored cosmetics, bath products, toothpaste, vinyl food packaging, or consumption of canned food. The MeP and PrP concentrations were higher in females than in males, especially in night-time urine. The results of this study also show that multiple urine samples are necessary to capture the diurnal variation of non-occupational exposure to environmental chemicals, such as parabens.</P>
Jeon, So Hyeon,Kim, Yong Pyo,Kho, Younglim,Shin, Jeoung Hwa,Ji, Won Hyun,Ahn, Yun Gyong Hindawi 2018 Journal of analytical methods in chemistry Vol.2018 No.-
<P>A method for the quantitative determination of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) in medical infusion sets was developed and validated using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Solvent extraction with polymer dissolution for sample preparation was employed prior to GC-MS/MS analysis. Average recoveries of the eight target analytes are typically in the range of 91.8–122% with the relative standard deviations of 1.8–17.8%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) of the analytical method were in the ranges of 54.1 to 76.3 ng/g. Analysis using GC-MS/MS provided reliable performance, as well as higher sensitivity and selectivity than GC-MS analysis, especially for the presence of minority plasticizers at different concentrations.</P>