Molecular Mechanisms of Generation for Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species, and Role of the Radical Burst in Plant Immunity

Hirofumi Yoshioka,Shuta Asai,Miki Yoshioka,Michie Kobayashi 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.4

Rapid production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity in plants. A potato calcium-dependent protein kinase (StCDPK5) activates an NADPH oxidase StRBOHA to D by direct phosphorylation of N-terminal regions, and heterologous expression of StCDPK5 and StRBOHs in Nicotiana benthamiana results in oxidative burst. The transgenic potato plants that carry a constitu-tively active StCDPK5 driven by a pathogen-inducible promoter of the potato showed high resistance to late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans accompanied by HR-like cell death and H2O2 accumulation in the attacked cells. In contrast, these plants showed high susceptibility to early blight necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, suggesting that oxidative burst confers high resistance to biotrophic pathogen, but high susceptibility to necrotro-phic pathogen. NO and ROS synergistically function in defense responses. Two MAPK cascades, MEK2-SIPK and cytokinesis-related MEK1-NTF6, are involved in the induc-tion of NbRBOHB gene in N. benthamiana. On the other hand, NO burst is regulated by the MEK2-SIPK cascade. Conditional activation of SIPK in potato plants induces oxidative and NO bursts, and confers resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, indicating the plants may have obtained during evolution the signaling pathway which regulates both NO and ROS production to adapt to wide-spectrum pathogens.

Athletic ability and sports participation in children with developmental disabilities -From parents' perspectives-

YOSHIOKA Naomi,UCHIDA Kyosuke,SHIGETO Seiichiro,YAMATO Taiki 아시아장애사회학회 2016 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.15 No.-

Components of enjoyment through leisure activity in the elderly in Japan

YOSHIOKA Naomi,TOKUDA Katsumi 아시아장애사회학회 2011 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.11 No.-

A study of the aging society and Yoka in Japan

YOSHIOKA Naomi,TOKUDA Katsumi 아시아장애사회학회 2009 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative perspective to think about the relationship between quality of life and leisure, of Yoka, among older people as a contribution to aging society in Japan. Reviewing the previous studies, we concluded that enjoyment may have an essential role, but additional studies are also needed.

Report of a recreational horseback riding program for children with developmental disorders

YOSHIOKA Naomi,UCHIDA Kyosuke,SHIGETO Seiichiro,TAKAHASHI Kazumi 아시아아동지원학회 2013 아시아아동지원연구 Vol.4 No.-

Improvement of FTA for Completeness, Review and Knowledge Transfer - Introducing Strategy and Context Nodes in GSN and Reason Node -

Yoshioka, Nasa,Shirasaka, Seiko The Korean Society of Systems Engineering 2015 시스템엔지니어링학술지 Vol.11 No.2

Various methods have been used for safety and reliability as it becomes more difficult to ensure safety owing to the increasing complexity and scale of systems. This study aims at making it easier and more efficient to discuss risks and countermeasures for completeness, review, and knowledge transfer by improving methods to create fault tree analyses which focus on the GSN [1], which are among the methods used to describe assurance cases. More specifically, the purpose of this study is to incorporate strategy and context, GSN concepts, along with reason, which is a new concept, into FTA; the study focuses on three points. One point is support for the safety designer to draw a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (MECE) FTA. The second is to make it easier to understand diagrams and meanings of FTA compared with the usual methods. The third is to make creating an FTA more efficient and to pass on existing know-how. Eventually, FTA can achieve completeness, review, and knowledge transfer. An introduction is provided in the first section. Next, the methodology covered in this paper is explained in the second section. The third section describes the proposed notation method based on two proposals made in this paper. In the fourth and fifth sections, results and discussion are provided, respectively. Finally, in the sixth section, conclusions are described.

정보화에 의한 일극집중시정의 가능성

Yoshioka Itaru 정보통신정책연구원 1990 세미나및공청회 Vol.1990 No.

Diagrammatic Representation of Environmental Monitoring Data

Yoshioka, Takahito,Sekino, Tatsuki The Korean Society of Limnology 2005 생태와 환경 Vol.38 No.S

The marked increase in the number of environmental problems, combined with the increase in their intensity and spatial extent, has resulted in an ever-increasing need for constant monitoring. This is complicated by the occurrence of new and complicated environmental issues that often prevent a thorough understanding of the entire monitoring framework. In the present study, a diagrammatic method was developed to present the entire framework of a monitoring plan. The diagram was separated into three sections- "Problem Section", "Research Process and Data Section" and "Entities Section" - to clearly present the disparate relationships between monitoring objectives and the monitoring procedure. Notation of the diagrams was undertaken using Unified Modeling Language (UML). A hypothetical monitoring plan for an environmental problem was designed to assess usefulness of the diagrammatic method. The diagram was capable of reviewing and revising the monitoring plan and could be used to select a monitoring procedure according to the monitoring objectives of the plan. The results suggested that this diagrammatic method was effective for designing an appropriate monitoring plan for a given monitoring objective.

朝鮮文化史論 収録の「沈清傳」研究 - 「ちくふしまのほんし」と 朝鮮童話集 収録の「沈清傳」との比較を通して

Hiroto yoshioka 원광대학교 인문학연구소 2024 열린정신 인문학연구 Vol.25 No.1

조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」에서는 아버지가 조선동화집 수록 「심청전」의 아버지와 비교하면 결말에서 매우 비참해지는 장면이 존재했다. 또 조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」에서는 아버지와 심청이 결말에 재회했을 때 서로 눈물을 흘리는 장면이 존재했다. 이러한 장면들이 존재함으로써 조선문화사론 수록 「신세이덴」은 결말에서 독자들에게 극적인 느낌을 주는 점과 독자들을 감격하게 하는 점이 조선동화집 수록 「심청전」보다 강화된 작품이라 하겠다. 또한 조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」은 작품 전체를 통해서 <지쿠후시마노혼시>에 비해 효행의 중요성을 강조하지 않았으며 적극적으로 효행의 장려도 하지 않았다. 한편 조선동화집 수록 「심청전」에서는 심청의 효행에 신(神) 적인 존재가 호감을 느끼고 심청을 돕는 내용이 존재함으로써 조선동화집 수록 「심청전」은 효행의 소중함과 위대함을 효과적으로 강조하고 있다. 그러나 조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」에는 이러한 내용이 전혀 존재하지 않으며, 만약 이러한 내용이 있었다면 조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」은 보다 효과적으로 효행의 소중함과 위대함을 강조할 수 있었을 것이다. 실제로 두 작품을 읽고 비교해봐도 조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」은 조선동화집 수록 「심청전」에 비하여 적극적으로 효행의 중요함을 강조하지 않았다. 위와 같이 조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」, 「지쿠후시마노혼시」, 조선동화집 수록 「심청전」 중에서 조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」이 '효행의 소중함'을 가장 강조하지 않았다. 조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」은 효행의 장려(奨励)를 강하게 하지 않은 이유로, 조선문화사론 수록 「심청전」의 번역자가 한국 '심청전 이야기'의 특징을 '효행을 강하게 장려한 작품'으로 인식하지 않았기 때문이다. At the end of the story, There were scenes where the father who appeared in 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History was much more miserable than the father who appeared in 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of The Fairy Tales of Chosŏn . Also, at the end of the story, Chinsei is reunited with his father, who appears in 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History . At that time, there was a scene where both my father and Chinse shed tears. The presence of these scenes at the conclusion makes 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History more dramatic and inspiring to readers than 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of The Fairy Tales of Chosŏn . Also, 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History did not emphasize the importance of filial piety compared to 「chikufushimanohonshi」. Also, 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History did not encourage filial piety more strongly than 「chikufushimanohonshi」. On the other hand, in 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of The Fairy Tales of Chosŏn , divine beings were impressed by Chinsei's filial piety. And a divine person helped Chinsei. The presence of such content effectively emphasizes the importance and greatness of filial piety in 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of The Fairy Tales of Chosŏn . However, 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History has no such content at all. If 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History had such content, it would have effectively emphasized the importance and greatness of filial piety In fact, even if you compare the two works 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History is considered to be a work that has significantly less encouraging filial piety than 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of The Fairy Tales of Chosŏn. As above, Among 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History , 「chikufushimanohonshi」, and 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of The Fairy Tales of Chosŏn , 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History did not emphasize ‘the importance of filial piety’ the most. 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History does not strongly ‘encourage filial piety’. The reason for this is that the translator of 「Chinseiden」 in the Book of Joseon Cultural History did not recognize the characteristics of the Korean ‘Sim Cheongjeon Story’ as ‘a work that strongly encourages filial piety’.

説経節『さんせう太夫』の考察 - 説経節『阿弥陀胸割』との比較を通して

吉岡浩人(Yoshioka Hiroto) 원광대학교 인문학연구소 2020 열린정신 인문학연구 Vol.21 No.3

셋쿄부시에는 『산쇼 다유』, 『아미다노 무네와리』, 『마쓰라 장자』,『모쿠렌키(目連記)』 등의 효행 이야기가 있다. 『산쇼 다유』와 『아미다노 무네와리』는 어린 누나와 남동생이 죄인인 부모를 행복하게 하기 위해 여행을 떠나서 최종적으로 부모를 행복하게 하는 효행 이야기로 유사성이 있고, 더욱이 두 작품의 누나는 희생적인 행동을 한다는 점에서 공통점이 있다. 그런데 『산쇼 다유』, 『아미다노 무네와리』, 『마쓰라 장자』,『모쿠렌키(目連記)』)를 비교해서 읽어 보면 『산쇼 다유』에서만 효행을 장려하지 않았다. 본고에서는 이러한 문제의식으로 셋쿄부시 『산쇼 다유』와 셋쿄부시 『아미다노 무네와리』와의 비교를 통해서 『산쇼 다유』의 문학적 특성에 대해서 밝히려 했다. 특히 셋쿄부시 『산쇼 다유』의 특이한 문학적 의미(『아미다노 무네와리』에는 존재하지 않았다)를 간결하게 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1. 『산쇼 다유』의 작가층은 『아미다노 무네와리』의 작가층에 비해 보다 피지배계층(노예, 천민 등)을 대상으로 작품을 창작했다고 볼 수 있었다. 그래서 작가층은 피지배계층이 지배계층에게 품은 강한 원한을 지배계층이 잔학한 벌을 받음으로써 해방시키려 했다. 그 결과 『산쇼 다유』는 효를 장려하는 이야기가 될 수 없었다. 왜냐하면 효심 소유자인 쯔시 王이 하늘이 정한 윤리(원수에게 자비를 베푸는 것)를 머리로는 이해하고 있었지만, 그것에 따르지 않고 도를 넘은 잔학한 복수(아이에게 아버지의 목을 톱질하게 하고 아버지를 죽인 것)를 철저히 했는데, 만약 하늘(신적(神的)인 존재 등)이 쯔시 王의 효심을 좋게 여겨 기적을 일어나게 하는 수법으로 효도를 장려한 경우, 향수자층은 위화감(하늘을 감동시킬 효자가 그런 잔학한 복수를 할 수 있을까)을 느끼기 때문이다. 2. 『산쇼 다유』는 『아미다노 무네와리』에는 없는 여성을 경시하는 의식과 가문을 재흥시키기 위해서 여성이 희생되어도 어쩔 수 없다는 의식이 내재되어 있었다. 그래서 이러한 의식을 작가층이 갖고 있었다고 짐작되므로, 그 영향으로 안쥬는 가문을 재흥시키기 위해서 희생이 되고 불행하고 비참한 죽임을 당했으며, 게다가 아무런 대가도 없었다고 판단된다. 이는 『아미다노 무네와리』의 여성 향수자층에 비해 『산쇼 다유』의 여성 향수자층에 있어서 효심 강화와 가문 번영을 바라는 마음 강화에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다고 볼 수 있다. Sekkyo-bushi’s “Story of filial piety” includes 『Sansho-Dayu』 and 『Amida’s Riven Breast』 and 『rich person of Matsura(上方版)』 and 『mokurenki(目連記)』. Among them, especially 『Sansho-Dayu』 and 『Amida’s Riven Breast』 have a lot in common. In the previous research, there was no paper that investigated the meaning(‘Relevance to cruelty’, ‘Educational Meaning of Women’s Sacrifice’) of the characteristics of filial piety included in Sekkyo-bushi 『Sansho-Dayu』. This paper focuses on that. So this paper compared Sekkyo-bushi 『Sansho-Dayu』 and Sekkyo-bushi 『Amida’s Riven Breast』. The literary meaning of Sekkyo-bushi 『Sansho-Dayu』 has been organized as follows(Sekkyo-bushi 『Amida’s Riven Breast』 has no such features). 1 ‘The performer(author)’ of 『Sansho-Dayu』 created the work for more ‘audience(reader) of status like slaves(audience(Reader) of slave)’ than ‘the performer(author)’ of 『Amida’s Riven Breast』. Therefore, ‘the performer(author)’ created the work so that the rulers would be subject to cruel punishment. ‘audience(reader) of status like slaves(audience(reader) of slave)’ saw it and released the resentment of the rulers. As a result, 『Sansho-Dayu』 could not talk about encouraging filial piety. Because Tsushio(owner of filial piety) understood heavenly ethics, but did not obey heavenly ethics and thoroughly carried out cruel revenge. This is because if ‘God(Presence, such as God)’ favors Tsushio’s filial piety and encourages filial piety in a way that causes miracles, ‘the audience(reader)’ will feel uncomfortable(Can a filial person who is impressed by ‘God(Presence, such as God)’ be able to take cruel revenge?). 2 『Sansho-Dayu』 had a ‘consciousness to downplay women’. Also, 『Sansho-Dayu』 had the ‘consciousness that she was unavoidable even if a woman was sacrificed for the reconstruction of the house’. It can be inferred that these consciousnesses are the ideas of ‘the performer(author)’. Due to the influence of this ‘the performer’s idea(author’s idea)’, Anju was sacrificed and died for the reconstruction of the house. That had a negative effect on ‘female audience(reader)’ of 『Sansho-Dayu』 compared to ‘female audience(reader)’ of 『Amida’s Riven Breast』 for ‘Strengthening filial piety’ and ‘Strengthening of the heart to wish the prosperity of the house’.