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Son, Sung Min,Cha, Moon-Yong,Choi, Heesun,Kang, Seokjo,Choi, Hyunjung,Lee, Myung-Shik,Park, Sun Ah,Mook-Jung, Inhee Taylor and Francis 2016 AUTOPHAGY Vol.12 No.5
<P>The secretion of proteins that lack a signal sequence to the extracellular milieu is regulated by their transition through the unconventional secretory pathway. IDE (insulin-degrading enzyme) is one of the major proteases of amyloid beta peptide (A beta), a presumed causative molecule in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. IDE acts in the extracellular space despite having no signal sequence, but the underlying mechanism of IDE secretion extracellularly is still unknown. In this study, we found that IDE levels were reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and in pathology-bearing AD-model mice. Since astrocytes are the main cell types for IDE secretion, astrocytes were treated with A beta. A beta increased the IDE levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, IDE secretion was associated with an autophagy-based unconventional secretory pathway, and depended on the activity of RAB8A and GORASP (Golgi reassembly stacking protein). Finally, mice with global haploinsufficiency of an essential autophagy gene, showed decreased IDE levels in the CSF in response to an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of A beta. These results indicate that IDE is secreted from astrocytes through an autophagy-based unconventional secretory pathway in AD conditions, and that the regulation of autophagy is a potential therapeutic target in addressing A beta pathology.</P>
A New Early-Maturing and Disease Resistant Potato Cultivar, "Jowon"
Kwan Soo Kim,Young Eun Park,Hyun Mook Cho,Ji Hong Cho,Young Il Hahm,Jung Yun Yi,Hyo Won Suh,Jeom Soon Kim,Kwan Yong Shin,Myoung Soon Yiem,Hyun Joon Kim,Dong Mo Son,Hyun Sook Kim 한국육종학회 2004 한국육종학회지 Vol.36 No.1
‘Jowon’ is a new early-maturing potato variety for table use. It has spreading growth habit with narrow oval leaves. Its tubers are attractively round with white skin and light yellow flesh color. The yielding ability of Jowon is similar to Superior. Jowo