질소관비 수준이 래빗아이 블루베리 '브라이트웰'의 생장과 양분흡수에 미치는 영향

곽용범,채원병,이목희,정해원,이한철,김진국,김홍림,Kwack, Yong-Bum,Chae, Won-Byoung,Lee, Mock-hee,Jeong, Hae-Won,Rhee, Han-Cheol,Kim, Jin-Gook,Kim, Hong-Lim 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.3

래빗아이 블루베리는 근모가 없는 섬유질 뿌리와 천근적 분포로 인하여 양분 이용효율이 낮다. 따라서 본 연구는 래빗 아이 블루베리의 생육과 과실특성에 미치는 질소 관비효과를 조사하여 효율성 높은 양분관리 기준을 마련하고자 수행하였다. 시험에 사용된 Brightwell(Vaccinium ashei Reade)품종의 관비처리는 재식 년차별 시비기준 (재식 1-2-3년 : 6-9-14 g/bush)으로 무 질소구와 기준 시비량의 50, 100 그리고 200%로 구분하여 처리하였다. 엽중 질소함량은 과중과 수확량에 유의성 있는 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 그러나 수관면적, 건물중, 당 그리고 안토시아닌 등은 유의성 있는 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 재식 3년차 블루베리의 엽과 줄기 건물중은 각각 723.7 g, 890.7 g/bush을 나타낸 50% 관비처리가 가장 높았다. 재식 3년차 과실수확량은 50%관비구에서 가장 높은 12.9 kg/bush으로 무비구 대비 약 70%의 증가량을 나타냈으며, 100%와 200% 관비구에서는 50% 관비구와 비교하여 각각 17와 12%가 감소한 11와 11.5 kg/bush의 수확량을 나타냈다. 질소 시비에 따른 이용율은 50% 관비구가 90%로 가장 높았으며, 200% 관비구가 가장 낮은 18%를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구는 기준 시비량의 50%를 관비하는 것이 'Brightwell'의 생육과 질소의 시비효율에 가장 효과적이었다는 결과를 제시하였다. BACKGROUND: Rabbiteye blueberry(Vaccinium ashei Reade) has low nutrient uptake efficiency due to its shallow and fibrous root system without root hairs. This study was carried out to establish an efficient nutrient application standard by investigating the effect of nitrogen fertigation on the growth and fruit characteristics of rabbiteye blueberry. METHODS AND RESULTS: 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry was treated with 0, 50, 100 and 200% nitrogen fertigation of recommended fertilizer application (6, 9 and 14 g/bush in the first, second and third years, respectively). The results showed that leaf nitrogen content significantly correlated with the fruit weight and fruit yield. However, canopy area, dry weight, sugar and anthocyanin contents did not correlate significantly with the leaf nitrogen content. The leaf and stem dry weights of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry during the third year of planting were the highest with 50% nitrogen fertigation (leaf dry weight=723.7 g/bush; stem dry weight=890.7 g/bush). Maximum fruit yield of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry (12.9 kg/bush) was observed during the third year of planting with 50% nitrogen fertigation and this was about 70% greater than the treatment that received no nitrogen fertigation. The fruit yields of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry during the third year of planting treated with 100 and 200% nitrogen fertigation were 11.0 and 11.5 kg/bush, and these were 17 and 12%lower than the 50% nitrogen fertigation treatment, respectively. Further, the efficiency of nitrogen utilization was the highest (90%) with 50% nitrogen fertigation and lowest (18%) with 200% nitrogen fertigation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggests that fertigation with 50% of the recommended fertilizer could be most effective for enhancing the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of rabbiteye blueberry.

파풍망 종류에 따른 키위의 발아, 개화 및 과실 특성

곽용범,김홍림,이목희,이한철,곽연식,이용복,Kwack, Yong-Bum,Kim, Hong Lim,Lee, Mockhee,Rhee, Han-Cheol,Kwak, Youn-Sig,Lee, Yong Bok 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.3

태풍에 의한 조기낙엽과 같은 바람피해 예방을 위해 키위재배에서 이용되고 있는 파풍망의 종류에 따른 과수원 내 미세기상의 차이 및 과실품질과 이듬해 발아, 개화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 국내 키위재배에서 바람피해 예방을 위해 사용되고 있는 5종류의 파풍 소재를 4.3 m 높이의 철재 하우스 골조의 지붕에 피복하였다. 파풍망 종류에 따른 과원 내 광합성유효광선(PAR) 투과량, 연평균기온 등의 미세기상과 저온요구도 충족여부 및 과실특성을 조사, 비교하였다. 모든 처리에서 4~10월 생육기에 연평균 $400{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$이상의 PAR투과율을 나타내 키위의 최대순동화율에 필요한 광량이 부족하지 않았다. 연평균 기온은 PE필름에서 파풍망에 비해 $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$높았다. 3가지 모델에 의해 산출된 저온요구도(CU)는 파풍망 종류에 관계없이 1400 CU 이상으로 키위의 발아, 개화에 필요한 저온요구도를 충족하였다. 결과모지 눈의 발아율은 차이가 없었으며, 과중은 PE필름과 백색망 4 mm 피복처리에서 다른 파풍망보다 증가했다. 결론적으로 PAR 투과, 연평균 기온, 과중 등을 종합적으로 고려하면 PE필름과 백색 4 mm 파풍망이 키위 생산에 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. BACKGROUND:Kiwifruit growers build their vineyards using many windbreaks to protect their kiwifruit vines from defoliation injury by strong winds such as typhoon. In this study, we have compared fruit quality, budbreak rate and floral bud as affected by windbreaks. And also we surveyed several microclimate indices of kiwifruit orchard depending on the covering materials of arch-type windbreaks. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five different windbreak materials including polyethylene film (PE), blue- and white-colored nets were tested in pipe-framed archtype kiwifruit vineyards as the covering materials. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), annual mean temperature (AMT) and chill unit (CU) as well as fruit quality were compared among the covering materials. In all treatments, annual PAR was more than $400{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, in which kiwifruit leaf could reach its maximum photosynthesis, since the leaves were emerged. Annual mean temperature was greater in 0.1 mm-PE covering as much as $1-2^{\circ}C$ than other windbreaks. In CU calculated by three different models, all windbreaks showed more than 1400 CU that is fully fulfilled CU for kiwifruit rest completion. There were no difference in budbreak rate among the covering materials. Fruit weight was heavier in 0.1 mm-PE and white-net (4 mm) than other windbreaks. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the windbreak materials, the PAR quantity was enough for kiwifruit photosynthesis. And CU for kiwifruit rest completion was fully achieved in all treatments. However, with respect to fruit weight, quantity of PAR, and AMT, etc., It is highly recommended for kiwifruit growers to choose 0.1 mm-PE and white-net (4 mm) as for their windbreaks materials.

'Skinny Green', a Novel Hairless Green-fleshed Baby Kiwifruit

곽용범,최학순,채원병,정명일,Kwack, Yong-Bum,Choi, Hak-Soon,Chae, Won-Byoung,Jeong, Myeong-Il Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.4

'스키니그린'은 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서 육성된 세번째 털 없는 미니 참다래 품종이다. 교배모본은 한국에서 수집된 야생 다래($Actinidia$ $arguta$)와 수품종 토무리($A.$ $deliciosa$) 사이의 교잡에서 선발된 중간계통인 KN8903이며, 부본은 한국의 산에서 수집된 야생 다래($A.$ $arguta$)이다. 이 품종의 주요 특징은 과중이 19.3g으로 한 입에 먹을 수 있는 과실크기와 과피에 털이 없고 얇아 껍질째 먹을 수 있다는 것이다. 과육의 색은 녹색이며, 당도와 산함량은 각각 $16.7^{\circ}Brix$와 0.91%이다. 수확은 주로 10월 중순에 이루어지며, 자가결실성이 없는 품종으로 정상적인 착과를 위해서는 인공수분이 필요하다. 또한 풍산성으로 적절한 적과 작업이 필요하다. 'Skinny Green' is the third hairless-variety release by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS) of Rural Development Administration (RDA) in Korea. It was bred by field crossing using the KN8903 as the mother plant, which had been selected from the crossbreeding of a Korean wild germplasm of tara vine with a male $Actinidia$ $deliciosa$ cv. Tomuri, and tara vine as the father plant collected from Korean mountains. The principal features of the final release are firstly, the fruit size not bigger than a mouthful bite with the average fruit weight not more than 19.3 g, and secondly, the thin and hairless edible fruit skin. It has green flesh color maintaining soluble solids and acid contents about $16.7^{\circ}Brix$ and 0.91% respectively. Its harvest season is usually in mid October. As it is not self-fertile it needs artificial pollination. Its tendency to produce maximum numbers of fruit requires thinning out of the fruits in a proper way.

A New Hairless Baby Kiwifruit ‘Bangwoori’

Yong-Bum Kwack(곽용범),Pong-Nyul Paek(백봉렬),Kyeong-Ho Chung(정경호),Jeong-Hwan Hwang(황정환) 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2008 No.12

비타민 C가 풍부한 참다래는 세계적으로 ‘헤이워드’라는 단일 품종이 거의 대부분 재배되고 있어 재배 농가와 소비자의 선택의 폭이 매우 좁다. 농촌진흥청 남해출장소에서는 기존의 우점 품종인 ‘헤이워드’를 대체하고 다양한 새로운 형질을 지닌 시장성이 있는 품종을 육성하기 위해 1984년부터 육종 프로그램을 운영해 오고 있다. 1989년 국내에서 수집된 자생 다래에 ‘토무리’를 교배하여 나온 실생 중에 특성이 우수한 계통을 2000년에 1차 선발하였으며, 2001~2005년까지 특성 검정을 통해 2006년에 최종 선발하였다. 과육은 녹색이며, 과실의 껍질에는 털이 없다. 과중은 평균 21g 정도이며, 평균 당도는 14.5°Brix이다. 수확기는 10월 상?중순이며, 과피 색은 과실 생장 초기에는 녹색이나 수확기에 이르러 녹색바탕에 부분적으로 갈색을 띤다. 생육 후반기에 그늘짐에 의한 낙엽이 발생할 수 있으므로 수관 하부가 지나치게 그늘지지 않도록 유의해야 한다. Commercial planting of kiwifruit in Korea is mainly done with ‘Hayward’. Consumers and producers’ choice of cultivars and the enjoyment of this attractive fruit with abundant vitamin C are very limited. We have had breeding programs to improve the dominant cultivar, ‘Hayward’, and to diversify marketable cultivars having such characters as novel flesh color, hairlessness, etc. since 1984. ‘Bangwoori’ was born as a cross of mother plant Actinidia arguta collected from Korean mountains and the pollinizer A. deliciosa ‘Tomuri’. It has a mouthful fruit size without skin hair. It was selected firstly in 2000 and finally released in 2006 after evaluation of characteristics for more than 3 years. It has green flesh color, no hair on fruit skin, 21 g of average fruit weight, 14.5°Brix of soluble solids content and picking is usually done in early to mid October. It has green skin in early time of fruit enlargement, and scab-like brown spot or stripe appears partially in late fruit development. Shading of canopy might cause early defoliation.

Research on Protected Growing of Sweet Cherry under Rain Shelter

Yong-Bum Kwack(곽용범),Hag-Sun Choe(최학순),Myeong-Il Jeong(정명일),Won-Byung Chae(채원병),Seong-Mo Kang(강성모) 한국원예학회 2007 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2007 No.6

A New Hairless Baby Kiwifruit ‘Bangwoori’ Having Edible Fruit Skin

Yong-Bum Kwack(곽용범),Pong-Nyul Paek(백봉렬),Kyeong-Ho Chung(정경호),Jeong-Hwan Hwang(황정환) 한국원예학회 2007 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2007 No.6

황색과육 참다래 신품종 ‘골드러쉬’의 적정 수분수 선발

곽용범(Yong-Bum Kwack),김홍림(Hong Lim Kim),최영하(Young Hah Choi),이재한(Jae Han Lee) 한국원예학회 2011 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2011 No.10

조기낙엽에 따른 참다래(골드러쉬) 무착과 유목 액아의 발아와 착화

곽용범 ( Yong Bum Kwack ),김홍림 ( Hong Lim Kim ),채원병 ( Won Byoung Chae ),이재한 ( Jae Han Lee ),이응호 ( Eung Ho Lee ),진국 ( Jin Gook Kim ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.3

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit, which was introduced to Korea in late 1970s, is a warm-temperate fruit tree, whose leaves are easily damaged by wind because of their large size. To produce high quality fruits, efficient windbreak is necessary to protect leaves until harvest. In Korea, typhoons from July onwards usually influence the production of kiwifruit. Damages from typhoons include low fruit quality in the current year and low flowering ratio the following year. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early defoliation of kiwifruit vines from July to October on the regrowth of shoot axillary buds the current year and bud break and flowering the following year. METHODS AND RESULTS: Scions of kiwifruit cultivar ‘Goldrush’ were veneer grafted onto five?year?old Actinidia deliciosa rootstocks, planted in Wagner pots (13L) and grown in a rain shelter. Kiwifruit leaves in the proximity of leaf stalk were cut by lopping shears to simulate mechanical damage from typhoon since only leaf stalks were left when kiwifruit vines were damaged by typhoons. Kiwifruit vines were defoliated from July 15 to October 14 with one monthintervals and degrees of defoliation were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. All experiments were conducted in the rain shelter and replicated at least five times. Defoliation in July 15 resulted in a high regrowth ratio of 20?40% regardless of degree of defoliation but that in August 16 showed only 5.8% of regrowth ratio in the no defoliation treatment; however, more than 25% of defoliation in August 16 showed 17?23% of regrowth ratio. In September 15, regrowth ratio decreased further to less than 10% in all treatments and no regrowth was observed in October 14. Percent bud break of all defoliation treatments were not significant in comparison to 64.7% in no defoliation except for 42.1% and 42.9% in 100% defoliation in July 15 and August 16, respectively. Floral shoot in the no defoliation treatment was 70.2% and defoliation of 50% or less resulted in the same or increased floral shoot ratio in July 15, August 16, and September 15; however, defoliation in October 14 showed no difference in all treatments. In flower number per floral shoot, 2?3 flowers appeared in no defoliation and only 1 flower was observed when the vines were defoliated more than 50% in July 15 and September 15. In October 14, contrary to the floral shoot ratio, flower number decreased with increased defoliation. CONCLUSION(S): Therefore, it is suggested that dormancy of ‘Goldrush’ axillary buds, was started in August and completed in October. The effect of defoliation on bud break of axillary buds the following year was insignificant, except for 100% defoliation in July 15 and August 16. From July 15 to September 15, floral bud ratio was significantly reduced when more than 50% of leaves were defoliated compared to no defoliation. Also, the number of flowers per flower?bearing shoot the following year decreased by less than 50% when compared to no defoliation, and this decrease was more prominent in September 15 than July 15 and August 16.

다래나무의 경지삽목 발근특성

곽용범(Yong-Bum Kwack),김홍림(Hong-Lim Kim),김형득(Hyoung Deug Kim),최영하(Young Hah Choi) 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.5

생육후반기 골드키위 ‘골드원’ 과실특성 변화

곽용범(Yong-Bum Kwack),이목희(Mockhee Lee),김홍림(Hong-Lim Kim),이한철(Han-Cheol Rhee) 한국원예학회 2018 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2018 No.5