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Advances in sarcopenia: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and intervention strategies
Youle Zheng,Jin Feng,Yixin Yu,Min Ling,Xu Wang 대한약학회 2024 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.47 No.4
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition characterized by loss of muscle mass. It poses signifi cant health risks in older adultsworldwide. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are reported to address this disease. Certain dietarypatterns, such as adequate energy intake and essential amino acids, have shown positive outcomes in preserving musclefunction. Various medications, including myostatin inhibitors, growth hormones, and activin type II receptor inhibitors, havebeen evaluated for their eff ectiveness in managing sarcopenia. However, it is important to consider the variable effi cacy andpotential side eff ects associated with these treatments. There are currently no drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administrationfor sarcopenia. The ongoing research aims to develop more eff ective strategies in the future. Our review of researchon disease mechanisms and drug development will be a valuable contribution to future research endeavors.
Design and Implementation of a Universal System Control Strategy Applicable to VSC-HVDC Systems
Yue Zhao,Libao Shi,Yixin Ni,Zheng Xu,Liang-Zhong Yao 전력전자학회 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.1
This paper proposes a universal system control strategy for voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. The framework of the designed control strategy consists of five layer structures considering the topology and control characteristics of the VSC-HVDC system. The control commands sent from the topmost layer can be transmitted to the next layer based on the existing communication system. When the commands are sent to each substation, the following transmission of commands between the four lower layers are realized using the internal communication system while ignoring the communication delay. This hierarchical control strategy can be easily applied to any VSC-HVDC system with any topology. Furthermore, an integrated controller for each converter is designed and implemented considering all of the possible operating states. The modular-designed integrated controller makes it quite easy to extend its operating states if necessary, and it is available for any kind of VSC. A detailed model of a VSC-HVDC system containing a DC hub is built in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment. Simulation results based on three operating conditions (the start-up process, the voltage margin control method and the master-slave control method) demonstrate the flexibility and validity of the proposed control strategy.
Li, Chenzhe,Thampy, Sampreetha,Zheng, Yongping,Kweun, Joshua M,Ren, Yixin,Chan, Julia Y,Kim, Hanchul,Cho, Maenghyo,Kim, Yoon Young,Hsu, Julia W P,Cho, Kyeongjae IOP 2016 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.28 No.12
<P>Understanding and effectively predicting the thermal stability of ternary transition metal oxides with heavy elements using first principle simulations are vital for understanding performance of advanced materials. In this work, we have investigated the thermal stability of mullite <I>R</I>Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> (<I>R</I> = Bi, Pr, Sm, or Gd) structures by constructing temperature phase diagrams using an efficient mixed generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the GGA + <I>U</I> method. Simulation predicted stability regions without corrections on heavy elements show a 4–200 K underestimation compared to our experimental results. We have found the number of <I>d</I>/<I>f</I> electrons in the heavy elements shows a linear relationship with the prediction deviation. Further correction on the strongly correlated electrons in heavy elements could significantly reduce the prediction deviations. Our corrected simulation results demonstrate that further correction of <I>R</I>-site elements in <I>R</I>Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> could effectively reduce the underestimation of the density functional theory-predicted decomposition temperature to within 30 K. Therefore, it could produce an accurate thermal stability prediction for complex ternary transition metal oxide compounds with heavy elements.</P>
Recent Developments in the Use of Intralesional Injections Keloid Treatment
Perdanasari, Aurelia Trisliana,Lazzeri, Davide,Su, Weijie,Xi, Wenjing,Zheng, Zhang,Ke, Li,Min, Peiru,Feng, Shaoqing,Zhang, Yixin,Persichetti, Paolo Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.6
Keloid scars are often considered aesthetically unattractive and frustrating problems that occur following injuries. They cause functional and cosmetic deformities, displeasure, itching, pain, and psychological stress and possibly affect joint movement. The combination of these factors ultimately results in a compromised quality of life and diminished functional performance. Various methods have been implemented to improve keloid scars using both surgical and non-surgical approaches. However, it has proven to be a challenge to identify a universal treatment that can deliver optimal results for all types of scars. Through a PubMed search, we explored most of the literature that is available about the intralesional injection treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids and highlights both current (corticosteroid, 5-fluorouracil, bleomycin, interferon, cryotherapy and verapamil) and future treatments (interleukin-10 and botulinum toxin type A). The reference lists of retrieved articles were also analysed. Information was gathered about the mechanism of each injection treatment, its benefits and associated adverse reactions, and possible strategies to address adverse reactions to provide reliable guidelines for determining the optimal treatment for particular types of keloid scars. This article will benefit practitioners by outlining evidence-based treatment strategies using intralesional injections for patients with hypertrophic scars and keloids.
Recent Developments in the Use of Intralesional Injections Keloid Treatment
Aurelia Trisliana Perdanasari,Davide Lazzeri,Weijie Su,Wenjing Xi,Zhang Zheng,Li Ke,Peiru Min,Shaoqing Feng,Yixin Zhang,Paolo Persichetti 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.6
Keloid scars are often considered aesthetically unattractive and frustrating problems thatoccur following injuries. They cause functional and cosmetic deformities, displeasure, itching,pain, and psychological stress and possibly affect joint movement. The combination of thesefactors ultimately results in a compromised quality of life and diminished functionalperformance. Various methods have been implemented to improve keloid scars using bothsurgical and non-surgical approaches. However, it has proven to be a challenge to identify auniversal treatment that can deliver optimal results for all types of scars. Through a PubMedsearch, we explored most of the literature that is available about the intralesional injectiontreatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids and highlights both current (corticosteroid,5-fluorouracil, bleomycin, interferon, cryotherapy and verapamil) and future treatments(interleukin-10 and botulinum toxin type A). The reference lists of retrieved articles were alsoanalysed. Information was gathered about the mechanism of each injection treatment, itsbenefits and associated adverse reactions, and possible strategies to address adverse reactionsto provide reliable guidelines for determining the optimal treatment for particular types ofkeloid scars. This article will benefit practitioners by outlining evidence-based treatmentstrategies using intralesional injections for patients with hypertrophic scars and keloids.