Effects of Dietary Lysine Supplementation on the Performance of Lactating Sows and Litter Piglets during Different Seasons

Cheng, C.S.,Yen, H.T.,Hsu, J.C.,Roan, S.W.,Wu, J.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.4

The effect of dietary lysine supplementation on the performance of crossbred lactating sows (n = 49, total 92 litters) and suckling piglets during the warm and cool seasons was studied. Sows were randomly allocated to one of two experimental diets, which were fed throughout a 28-day lactation period. Two diets were formulated based on corn-soybean meal with 6% wheat bran, containing 15% crude protein, and with or without 0.25% lysine-HCl supplementation. No interaction was observed between season and dietary lysine supplementation. Dietary lysine supplementation significantly (p<0.05) increased weaning weight (7.11 vs. 6.46 kg) and daily gain (0.20 vs. 0.18 kg) of piglets. During the warm season lactating sows had significantly lower feed intake (3.78 vs. 6.11 kg, p<0.01), higher weight loss (19.81 vs. 9.73 kg, p<0.01) and backfat loss (0.23 vs. 0.06 cm, p<0.01), longer interval from weaning to estrus (9.32 vs. 6.21 days, p<0.05), lower litter weight gain (42.13 vs. 52.90 kg, p<0.01) and lower daily gain (0.17 vs. 0.21 kg, p<0.01) than lactating sows during the cool season. The results indicate that the influences of dietary treatment and season were independent. The 15.0% CP lactation diet with 0.25% lysine-HCl supplementation did not improve the performance of lactating sows and litter piglets, which was impaired by the warm season.

Effects of Chromium Supplementation and Lipopolysaccharide Injection on Physiological Responses of Weanling Pigs

Lee, D.N.,Weng, C.F.,Yen, H.T.,Shen, T.F.,Chen, B.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.4

Sixteen specific pathogen free 4-wk-old crossbred weanling pigs were allotted into a $2{\times}2$ factorial design to evaluate chromium picolinate (CrPic) on growth and physiological responses. Two factors included (1) no Cr or 400 ppb Cr supplementation from chromium picolinate and (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection on day 21 (d 21) and 35 (d 35) compared to saline application. Plasma samples and rectal temperature were obtained from all piglets before (h 0) and at 2 h (h 2), 4 h (h 4), 8 h (h 8), and 24 h (h 24) after LPS injection ($200{\mu}g/kg$ BW, intraperitoneally). The rectal temperature on d 21 was significantly decreased (p<0.05) of about $0.36^{\circ}C$ with Cr supplementation before LPS injection. After LPS injection, the daily gain of piglets was decreased during d 35-38. Supplementation of Cr had no effect in general on growth performance particularly after LPS injection. The plasma glucose, triglycerides and urea nitrogen concentrations were changed in different ways after LPS injection. Plasma cortisol level was significantly elevated at h 2 after LPS injection on d 21 and d 35. The supplementation of Cr in the diet can delayed plasma cortisol release on d 35. The results suggest that 400 ppb Cr supplementation from CrPic may modulate the physiological response during immune stress in weanling pigs.

Effect of Dietary Protein and Lysine Levels on Lactating Multiparous Sows and Litter Performance

Cheng, C.S.,Yen, H.T.,Roan, S.W.,Wu, J.F.,Hsu, J.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.1

The effects of dietary protein and lysine levels on lactating multiparous sows and litter performance were studied. Sixty-two crossbred multiparous sows ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) were used. Thirty-three and twenty-nine sows were studied in their second parity and third parity respectively. The three dietary treatments were: (1) the control diet containing 15% CP and 0.75% lysine, (2) a diet containing 13% CP and 0.75% lysine (0.60% natural+0.15% synthetic), and (3) a diet containing 13% CP and 0.60% lysine. They were fed twice daily and allowed ad libitum access to food and water throughout a 28 day lactation from parturition until weaning. The results of this experiment showed that body weight and backfat losses of the sows from farrowing to weaning were significantly affected (p<0.01) by reducing dietary protein. Neither average daily feed intake nor weaning to estrus interval of sows were significantly different among treatments. Supplementing lower dietary protein with synthetic lysine could mitigate backfat losses, but could not prevent body weight losses in lactating multiparous sows. A corn-soybean meal diet containing 13% crude protein and 0.60% lysine did not significantly affect litter size and survival rate of weanling piglets compared with the 15% crude protein diet. There was a tendency towards decreased piglet weight at weaning (p<0.10) and reduced daily gain of piglets (p<0.11) when the multiparous sows were fed the 13% protein diet during lactation. We found a severe loss of body weight and backfat when reducing dietary protein for lactating multiparous sows.

Dietary Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Weaned Pigs Mitogen-Induced Lymphocyte Proliferation

Lee, D.N.,Weng, C.F.,Cheng, Y.H.,Kuo, T.Y.,Wu, J.F.,Yen, H.T Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.8

Two experiments involving 92 crossbred, 21 day old weaned pigs were used to evaluate the effect of glutamine supplement in a dietary or culture medium on lymphocyte proliferation. In Exp. 1, 88 pigs were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% glutamine for 28 days. Lymphocytes were prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), ileal Peyer's patches (PP), the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and the spleen in each dietary supplement group on days 7, 14, or 28 postweaning. Lymphocytes were cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h in a RPMI-1640 medium with or without mitogen-stimulated, and pulsed with 3Hthymidine for an additional 18 h. The stimulation index of PBMC proliferation in 1.0% dietary glutamine supplement group and both of the MLN and splenocytes proliferation in 1.5% dietary glutamine supplement group was significantly (p<0.05) increased at 14 days postweaning. In Exp. 2, four weaned pigs were fed a basal diet for 14 days. The 3H-thymidine incorporation of PBMC, PP, and MLN cells, incubated with 0.125 to 0.25 mM glutamine in culture medium were markedly enhanced with Con A-stimulated, however, the splenocyte proliferation was not affected in the addition of glutamine medium. These observations suggest that dietary glutamine supplement might enhance the lymphocyte proliferation of weaned pigs.

Dietary Modification for Reducing Electrical Conductivity of Piggery Wastewater

Yu, I.T.,Su, J.J.,Wu, J.F.,Lee, S.L.,Ju, C.C.,Yen, H.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.9

A total of 108 pigs (including 36 starters, 36 growers, and 36 finishers) were randomly allocated to six treatments, which involved a 2 (Crude Protein (CP): 100 and 80% of control diet)${\times}$3 (Ca, P, Salt (CPS): 100, 80 and 60% of control diet) factorial design to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing CP and CPS in reducing wastewater EC in different stages. Another 72 starters were adopted to examine the effect of the six treatment diets (as mentioned above) on the growth performance of pigs. Activated carbon and Reverse Osmosis System (RO) were adopted to examine the reducing efficiency of wastewater EC, and ion analysis was also applied to compare with the wastewater EC in different stages of the metabolism trial. The results of wastewater EC of the six treatment diets in different stages of metabolism trial demonstrated that diminishing dietary CP or CPS decreased wastewater EC. The largest decrease of EC was approximately 30%, and was achieved with 20 and 40% reduced dietary CP and CPS, respectively. Pig growth performance deteriorated somewhat when dietary CP or CPS was diminished. Wastewater ion concentration was not always consistent with dietary CP or CPS content, except for $NO_2^{-}$, $NH_4^{+}$ and $K^{+}$, which were positively correlated with dietary CP or CPS in different stages. Activated carbon is not effective for reducing wastewater EC, while, RO system is effective (90% elimination rate) in reducing wastewater EC, but the EC of concentrated (excreted) water is around 10% higher than that of intact wastewater, representing an additional problem besides the high cost of RO system treatment.

Osteoclastogenic activity of translationally-controlled tumor protein (TCTP) with reciprocal repression of p21

Choi, S.W.,Shin, H.K.,Yang-Yen, H.F.,Lee, M.S.,Lee, C.H.,Park, S.J.,Kim, K.J.,Lee, K.,Kim, S.H. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 FEBS letters Vol.588 No.21

Translationally-controlled tumor protein (TCTP) plays a role in a number of cellular processes, but there is limited information about its function in cell differentiation. Previous observations of a twofold induction of TCTP mRNA during osteoclast differentiation prompted us to investigate its involvement in osteoclast differentiation. The osteoclastogenicity of TCTP gradually expressed during osteoclast differentiation was confirmed in mouse and human cells using loss-of-function studies and TCTP heterogeneous mice and transgenic mice. Higher expression ratios of TCTP to p21 could represent TCTP-mediated phenotypic induction of osteoclast differentiation accompanied by p21 down-regulation, attenuating the proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells.

Effects of Chromium Supplementation and Lipopolysaccharide Injection on the Immune Responses of Weanling Pigs

Lee, D.N.,Shen, T.F.,Yen, H.T.,Weng, C.F.,Chen, B.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.10

Sixteen specific pathogen free 4-wk-old crossbred weanling pigs were allotted into a $2{\times}2$ factorial experiment to evaluate the effects of chromium (Cr) on the immune responses after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Two factors included (1) no Cr or 400 ppb Cr supplementation from chromium picolinate (CrPic) and (2) LPS injection ($200{\mu}g/kg$ BW, intraperitoneally) on day 21 (d 21) and 35 (d 35) as compared with saline application. Plasma samples were obtained from all piglets before (0 h) and at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h after LPS injection. The changes in tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and leukocyte populations after LPS injection were not significant on d 21. On d 35, the plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level was increased at h 2 postinjection, and supplemental Cr reduced the $TNF-{\alpha}$ level. The leukocyte populations had changed profoundly and lymphocyte subsets of $CD2^+$ and $CD8^+$ were reduced at 8 h postinjection. The blood granulocytes were increased and the percentage of $CD2^+$ was reduced in the Cr-fed group on d 35. Furthermore, Cr supplementation decreased the blastogensis of concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) on d 21. These results suggest that 400 ppb Cr supplementation from CrPic in diets may modulate the immune responses in weanling pigs during LPS injection.

Design load-carrying capacity estimates and an improved wooden shore setup

Huang, Y.L.,Lin, Y.C.,Lee, C.F.,Chen, H.J.,Yen, T. Techno-Press 2004 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.17 No.2

The design load-carrying capacities of wooden shores depend on factors, such as the wood species and properties, and construction methods. This paper focuses on the construction methods, including an upright single shore, group of upright shores, group of inclined shores, butt connections and lap connections. This paper reports experiments to obtain critical loads and then developed an empirical equation based on Euler' formula for the critical loads and design load-carrying capacities. The test results show that the critical loads for an upright single wooden shore are greater than the average values for a group of upright shores, and the latter are greater than the average values for a group of inclined shores. Test results also show that the critical loads become smaller when butt or lap connections are used, butt connections possessing greater critical loads than lap connections. Groups of inclined shores are very popular at work sites because they have some practical advantages even though they actually possess inferior critical loads. This paper presents an improved setup for constructing groups of inclined shores. With this method, the inclined shores have larger critical loads than upright shores. The design load-carrying capacities were obtained by multiplying the average critical loads by a resistance factor (or strength reduction factor, ${\phi}$) that were all smaller than 1. This article preliminarily suggests ${\phi}$ factors based on the test results for the reference of engineers or specification committees.

Design load-carrying capacity estimates and an improved wooden shore setup

H. J. Chen,Y. C. Lin,C. F. Lee,T. Yen,Y. L. Huang 국제구조공학회 2004 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.17 No.2

Improvement in Microstructure Homogeneity of Sintered Compacts through Powder Treatments and Alloy Designs

Hwang K.S.,Wu M.W.,Yen F.C.,Sun C.C. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

Homogeneous microstructures of the PM compacts are difficult to attain when mixed elemental powders are used. This study examined the microstructures of pressed-and-sintered and MIM products that contain Ni and Mo.Ni-rich areas, which were lean in carbon and were soft and were found easily in regular specimens. Gaps or cracks near the Ni-rich or Mo-rich areas were also frequently observed. This problem worsened when Ni and Mo particles were large and were irregular in shape. By using ball milling treatment and ferroalloy powders, the microstructure homogeneity and mechanical properties were improved. The addition of 0.5wt%Cr further improved the distribution of Ni because Cr reduced the repulsion effect between nickel and carbon. With the elimination of Ni-rich areas, more bainites and martensites were formed and mechanical properties were significantly improved.