Paleolithic and Mesolithic Cultures in Korea

YI YUNG-JO The Academy of Korean Studies 1982 Korea Journal Vol.22 No.3

Investigation of hydrogen inductively coupled plasma treatment effect for Ge_0.938Sn_0.062/Ge/Si film using photoreflectance spectroscopy

Jo, Hyun-Jun,Kim, Jong Su,Ryu, Mee-Yi,Yeo, Yung Kee,Kouvetakis, John Elsevier 2018 THIN SOLID FILMS - Vol.645 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Temperature-dependent photoreflectance (PR) measurements for Ge<SUB>0.938</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.062</SUB>/Ge/Si films treated with a hydrogen inductively coupled plasma (H<SUB>2</SUB>-ICP) have been performed. The Ge<SUB>0.938</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.062</SUB> film is grown on Ge-buffered Si substrate by ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition method, and the H<SUB>2</SUB>-ICP treatment was carried out for 5min for the Ge<SUB>0.938</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.062</SUB> epitaxial layer. The high-resolution X-ray diffraction results show that the compressive strain of the Ge<SUB>0.938</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.062</SUB> layer decreases and the tensile strain of the Ge buffer layer increases after H<SUB>2</SUB>-ICP treatment. The PR spectrum of as-grown Ge<SUB>0.938</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.062</SUB>/Ge/Si film at 300K consists of three signals at 0.603, 0.782 and 0.814eV, which are assigned to the direct transitions from conduction Γ valley to the valence bands related to the surface of Ge<SUB>0.938</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.062</SUB>, the Ge/Si and GeSn/Ge interfaces, respectively. After H<SUB>2</SUB>-ICP treatment, two PR signals of 0.604 and 0.781eV were obtained at 300K and they are attributed to the direct transition energies of the Ge<SUB>0.938</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.062</SUB> and the Ge buffer layer, respectively. As temperature decreases, new weak PR signals appear in the lower energy regions of both PR signals from the H<SUB>2</SUB>-ICP treated GeSn and Ge layers at 210K and 130K, respectively, due to the increase of tensile strain in Ge layer while no new signal appears for the as-grown sample. The PR spectrum of the H<SUB>2</SUB>-ICP treated sample at 10K shows four signals, and these signals are assigned to the surface of GeSn and GeSn at the interface between GeSn and Ge buffer layers, the Ge at the interface between GeSn and Ge buffer layers, and the Ge at the interface between Ge buffer layer and Si substrate, respectively. These PR results indicate that H<SUB>2</SUB>-ICP treatment significantly affects the strain and defects near the interface between GeSn and Ge layers, and thus optical properties of GeSn layer are also altered by H<SUB>2</SUB>-ICP treatment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Photoreflectance spectroscopy of a Ge<SUB>0.938</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.062</SUB>/Ge/Si films from 12 to 300K </LI> <LI> In PR spectrum, four direct transitions attributed to GeSn and Ge are observed. </LI> <LI> With decreasing temperature, the tensile strain of Ge buffer layers is changed. </LI> </UL> </P>

Study for interfaces of H2-ICP treated Ge0.938Sn0.062/Ge/Si film using photoreflectance spectroscopy

Hyun-Jun Jo,Jong Su Kim,Mee-Yi Ryu,Yung Kee Yeo,John Kouvetakis 한국진공학회 2017 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2017 No.2

한국산 청개구리(Hyla japonica)Mitochondrial DNA 의 집단간 및 집단내 유전적 변이

오세조,이혜영,양서영,진정화,박옥이 한국유전학회 1996 Genes & Genomics Vol.18 No.1

Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of Korean Hyla japonica(11 populations) and Japanese H. japonica(1 population) were analysed to investigate inter- and intrapopulation of genetic variation. Purified mtDNA of Korean H. japonica were digested with each of 11 restriction enzymes and 8 enzymes for Japanese H. japonica mtDNA. The average genome size of mtDNA was 20.30±0.3kb in Korean species, while 20.07±0.8kb in Japanese one. For the analysis, level of fragment homology (F) and nucleotide sequence divergence (p) were estimated from comparisons of digestion profiles. Among 11 populations of Korean species. the average F and p values were 0.722±0.15 (0.246-0.970) and 0.020±0.01 (0.002-0.084) while between Korean populations and Japanese one they revealed 0.172±0.04 (0.114-0.225) and 0.109±0.01 (0.082-0.133), respectively. The nucleotide sequence divergence between 11 populations of Korean species was 2% which indicated low genic variation among populations. However, the value between Korean and Japanese populations revealed more hig-her. 11.5% which indicated that comparison of H. japonica from two countries showed higher genic variations.

Optical Characteristics of Ge<SUP>0.99</SUP>Sn<SUP>0.01</SUP>/Si and Ge/Si Using Photoreflectance Spectroscopy

Hyun-Jun Jo,So Mo Geun,Jong Su Kim,Mee-Yi Ryu,Yung Kee Yeo,J. Kouvetakis 한국진공학회 2014 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2014 No.2

Intraspecific Variation of Cytochrome b Gene in Korean Frog , Rana amurensis

Lee, Hei Yung,Oh, Se Jo,Park, Ok Yi,Jin, Joung Hwa 한국유전학회 1996 Genes & Genomics Vol.18 No.4

A fragment(=350 base pair) of mtDNA at the cytochrome b gene site was amplified and sequenced to examine intraspecific variation of R. amurensis. The specific oligonucleotide primer set for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was designed from a comparable published sequence of Xenopus leveis. Level of the partial cytochrome bgene sequence divergence was about 3% within species. The values were higher than those of another taxa, because certain regions of the sequence were identified as being particulaly differed. The results showed the those regions occur in 31-32 and 75, 78 (same numbering for the frog Xenopus laevis protein sequence). An interesting finding is that the regions showed variation within population. Therefore, these results suggest that the level of cytochrome b gene sequence divergence can be differed on the specific site. We have observed an example for the higher sequence divergence within species in partial cytochrome b gene.

한국산 무당개구리(Bombina orientalis)Mitochondrial DNA 의 절편 양상 및 변이

오세조,이혜영,양서영,진정화,박옥이 한국유전학회 1996 Genes & Genomics Vol.18 No.2

The mtDNA of Korean Bombina orientalis collected from 12 natural populations were digested with 12 restriction enzymes and were analyzed for nucleotide sequence variations. The average genome size of mtDNA was 18.0±0.1 kb. Digested mtDNA fragment variations within population were observed by enzymes BcA, Clal, Pstl, Pvull, SaA, Xhol. Fragment variations between populations were also seen in the fragments digested by BcA, BstEll, Clal Pstl, Pvull, SaA or Xhol. Especially, a higher than usual fragment variations were found in the fragments digested by BcA and Pstl restriction enzymes. These variations within and between populations are attributed to the presence or absence of recognition sites by base substitution. The comparisons of restriction fragments enabled the estimation of the levels of fragment homology (F value) and nucleotide sequence divergence (p value). The mean F and p value of interspecific variation were 0.674±0.14 and 0.023±0.013. The p value of vertebrates was about 5% in general but that of Korean Bombina orientalis was shown about 2% in this study. The result suggests that Korean Bombina showed lower interspecific variation than that of other vertebrates.

한국산 꼬리치레도롱뇽 Onychodactylus fischeri 의 핵형 분석

오세조,이혜영,양서영,진정화,박옥이 한국유전학회 1997 Genes & Genomics Vol.19 No.2

Karyotype analysis of Korean Onychodactylus fischeri was performed by using conventional Giemsa and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) staining methods. The diploid karyotype consists of 2n=72 chromosomes, including 6 pairs of large chromosomes, 7 pairs of medium size ones, 25 pairs of microchromosome and arm number is 102. A pair of NORs was located adjacent to the centromeric region of microchromosomes.

Fluorine Functionalized Graphene Nano Platelets for Highly Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim, Gi-Hwan,Jang, Hyungsu,Yoon, Yung Jin,Jeong, Jaeki,Park, Song Yi,Walker, Bright,Jeon, In-Yup,Jo, Yimhyun,Yoon, Hyun,Kim, Minjin,Baek, Jong-Beom,Kim, Dong Suk,Kim, Jin Young American Chemical Society 2017 NANO LETTERS Vol.17 No.10

<P>Edged-selectively fluorine (F) functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (EFGnPs-F) with a p-i-n structure of perovskite solar cells achieved 82% stability relative to initial performance over 30 days of air exposure without encapsulation. The enhanced stability stems from F substitution on EFGnPs; fluorocarbons such as polytetrafluoroethylene are well-known for their superhydrophobic properties and being impervious to chemical degradation. These hydrophobic moieties tightly protect perovskite layers from air degradation. To directly compare the effect of similar hydrophilic graphene layers, edge-selectively hydrogen functionalized graphene nanoplatelet (EFGnPs-H) treated devices were tested under the same conditions. Like the pristine MAPbI(3) perovskite devices, EFGnPs-H treated devices were completely degraded after 10 days. The hydrophobic properties of EFGnPs-F were characterized by contact angle measurement. The test results showed great water repellency compared to pristine perovskite films or EFGnPs-H coated films. This resulted in highly air-stable p-i-n perovskite solar cells.</P>

금강 중류 구석기 유적의 제4기 지질 환경과 층서 고찰

김주용(Kim, Ju-Yong),양동윤(Yang, Dong-Yoon),이융조(Lee, Yung-jo),우종윤(Woo, Jong-yoon),홍세선(Hong, Se-Sun),이상헌(Yi, Sangheon),남욱현(Nahm, Wook-Hyun),이진영(Lee, Jin-Young),봉필윤(Bong, Phil-Yoon ),오근창(Oh, Keun-Chang),이승원( 한국구석기학회 2015 한국구석기학보 Vol.- No.32

금강 중류 유역의 하안단구 상면에서 사면프로세스와 연동된 여러 매의 사니질 고토양층은 구석기 인류의 삶의 증거가 포함되어 있다. 특히 청주 관내 오송 만수리, 옥산 소로리, 현도 노산리-하석리 일대 하안단구는 저위 I면(제2단구) 위에 하성퇴적층이 널리 발달하여 있다. 금강 중류 하안단구는 해발고도 약 30m 아래에 분포하는 하성 사력층은 전반적으로 최종빙기 초(약 60ka) 이후에 형성된 것으로 해석된다. 본 연구에서 검토한 3개 구석기 유적 지점에 나타나는 고토양층 형성은 만수리에서 약 45ka 이후(1지점 Q 28), 소로리에서 약 43ka 이후 (H-15 시추코아), 그리고 노산리에서 약 37ka(3지점 F5)~43ka(2지점 B-1)로 각각 나타나, 전반적으로 고토 양층의 형성은 플라이스토세 말 중에서도 주로 최종빙기 중기와 후기(MIS 3~2) 걸치는 것으로 해석되었다. 소로리에서 신기 하성퇴적층이 최종빙기최성기(MIS 2) 이후 뵐링-알러뢰드 간빙기에 걸쳐 형성되었다. 금강 중류의 3개 구석기 유적발굴 지점 토층단면의 고토양층에서 환경변화와 주기성에 대한 예비 결과, 대자율은 농갈 색이나 적갈색 고토양층 구간에서 증가하며, 갈색~암갈색 고토양층 구간에서는 상대적으로 낮아 지는 경향을 보이며, 대자율 상승 구간에서는 일반적으로 실트 함량이 증가(40~50 % 이상)함과 동시에 사질 함량은 감소 (20~30 이하)하는 경향을 강하게 지시하고 있다. 오송 만수리 1지점 대표단면(Q28칸)의 대자율 분포를 보면, 약 65,000년전 이후 약 만년주기의 하인리히 이벤트(H5~H3) 주기가 나타나는 것으로 간주되며, 금강 유역의 다른 구석기 유적에서도 나타나는지 추가 검토가 필요하다. A number of Paleosols, which contain relicts of the paleolithic peoples, are associated with slope-processed deposits on the fluvial terrace along the middle part of Keum River Basin, where Low Terrace-I(or 2nd Terrace) is prevailed with sand and gravel deposits, particularly at Mansuri(Osong-myeon), Sorori(Ogsan-myeon), and NosanriHaseogri(Hyeondo-myeon) in Cheongju City. Fluvial terrace deposits in middle part of Keum River are distributed below ca 30 m(asl) and interpreted to be formed after 60ka. Formation ages of paleosols of three paleolithic sites in this research are converged into the range between the MIS 2~MIS3 during the Last Glacial(Upper Pleistocene); Paleosols of Mansuri initially formed in the range of 45ka(Q28 pit in Loc. 1), Paleosols of Sorori formed after 43.6ka(H-15 core), and Paleosols of Nosanri after 37ka(F5 in Loc. 3). In Sorori site Young Fluvial Sequence(YFS) formed during the BøllingAllerød Interstadial after the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM). It can be manifested from the preliminary results of the soil-sedimentary profiles of three paleolithic sites that MS increases in reddish brown and dense brown Paleosols, while it decrease relatively in brown or dark brown Paleosols; MS increase is associated with both increasing silt fraction(> 40~50 wt %) and decreasing sand fraction(>20~30 wt %) in general. Lastly although it regards that the cyclicity of low MS peaks in the representative vertical profile(Q28) of Mansuri Loc. I site may be associated with the worldwide Heinrich events(H4~H6), it may be further examined from the other Paleosol profiles among the Paleolithic sites in the Keum River Basin.