Short-term effects of dietary selenium on lactating sows to improve litter performance, milk composition and tissue selenium retention in piglets

Xing Hao Jin,Hong Jun Kim,Cheon Soo Kim,Yoo Yong Kim Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.7

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of dietary selenium supplementation on lactating sows on the physiological response, litter performance, milk composition, and tissue selenium retention in piglets when selenium was provided by different sources and at different levels in a lactation diet. Methods: A total of 48 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with average body weight, backfat thickness, and parity were assigned to one of the four treatments with 12 sows per treatment using a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Inorganic or organic Se sources were added to the diet at 0.30 ppm and 0.50 ppm Se. Treatments were as follows: i) IS30, basal diet + inorganic Se 0.30 ppm; ii) IS50, basal diet + inorganic Se 0.50 ppm; iii) OS30, basal diet + organic Se 0.30 ppm; and iv) OS50: basal diet + organic Se 0.50 ppm. Results: At Day 21 of lactation, a high tendency of litter weight (p = 0.08) and litter weight gain (p = 0.09) were observed when sows were fed an organic Se source. The milk Se concentration in the organic Se treatment was higher than that in the inorganic Se treatment at Day 21 of lactation (p<0.05). The serum Se concentrations of sows and piglets at Day 21 of lactation were significantly higher when lactating sows were fed organic Se instead of inorganic Se (p<0.01). During the suckling period, the kidney and muscle Se concentrations of piglets at Day 21 of lactation were significantly higher when the sow dietary Se source was organic (p<0.05). Liver Se concentrations were affected by Se source and level (p<0.05). This also resulted in an interaction response at 21 days of lactation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of dietary organic Se in a lactating diet could improve sow feed consumption, piglet performance, milk Se level, and the Se status of sows and piglets.

Effects of selenium source and level on the physiological response, reproductive performance, serum Se level and milk composition in gestating sows

Jin, Xing Hao,Kim, Cheon Soo,Gim, Min Jin,Kim, Yoo Yong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.12

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of selenium (Se) source and level on the physiological response, reproductive performance, serum Se level, and milk composition in gestating sows. Methods: A total of 54 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with average body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of five treatments with 10 or 11 sows per treatment using a 2×2 factorial arrangement with one additional treatment in a completely randomized design. Inorganic or organic Se (IS or OS) sources were added to the diet at 0.30 ppm and 0.50 ppm Se. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control. Treatments were as follows: i) Control: corn-soybean based diet, ii) IS30: control+inorganic Se 0.30 ppm, iii) IS50: control+inorganic Se 0.50 ppm, iv) OS30: control+ organic Se ppm, and v) OS50: control+organic Se 0.50 ppm. Results: At day 21 of lactation, piglet weight and weight gain in the OS treatments were higher than those in the IS treatments (p<0.05). Meanwhile, adding 0.5 ppm Se also resulted in the same significant differences in piglet BW and weight gain (p<0.05). Colostrum and milk Se concentrations increased (p<0.05) with Se level for both Se sources but were greater when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Except for 24 hours postpartum, the Se concentrations were higher when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Sow serum Se content was greater as Se levels increased from 0.3 ppm to 0.5 ppm at day 110 of gestation, 24 hours postpartum and day 21 of lactation (p<0.05). The pig serum Se concentration increased as the dietary Se level increased (p<0.05) and was higher when the sow dietary Se source was organic (p<0.05). Organic Se 0.5 ppm also had the highest serum Se level at two measured points (p<0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with organic Se or 0.5 ppm Se in a gestating diet could improve piglet performance, the Se status of sows and piglets and milk composition, but organic Se at 0.5 ppm is optimal.

Evaluation of barley to replace milk by-product in weaning pig’s diet

( Kyung Young Jin ),( Jin Su Hong ),( Dong Wook Sin ),( Hyo Kon Kang ),( Yun Young Jo ),( Geon Il Lee ),( Xing Hao Jin ),( Jae Cheol Jang ),( Jae Hark Jeong ),( Yoo Yong Kim ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.2

The supplementation level of barley was limited because of high contents of fiber in monogastric animals. Barley contained high soluble fiber, thus it could prevent to diarrhea of weaning pigs. Moreover, as the barley break down by enzymes, free sugars come out from the barley, which could be used as an energy source in weaning pigs and replace milk by-products in weaning pig’s diet. Therefore, present study was conducted to investigate the influence of barley to replace milk by-product in weaning pig’s diet on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, diarrhea incidence, and economic analysis in weaning pigs. A total of 112 crossbred ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc, weaned at 28 days of age) piglets were allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Each treatment has 7 replications with 4 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed each treatment diet which containing different levels of barley (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) at the expense of whey powder and lactose. Three phase feeding programs were used for 6 weeks of growth trial (phase 1: 0-2 weeks; phase 2: 3-4 weeks; phase 3: 5-6 weeks). During 0-2 week, body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and G:F ratio were decreased as barley level increased in the diet (linear response, p < 0.01). In blood profile, blood urea nitrogen was decreased as the barley level increased in the diet (linear, p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were observed in blood glucose level. In nutrient digestibility, crude fat digestibility was linearly increased as barley increased (linear, p < 0.01). The incidence of diarrhea was improved as increasing barley contents in all phases (linear, p < 0.01). These results demonstrated that supplementation of barley to replace milk by-product influenced negatively on growth performance during 0-2 week. However, the incidence of diarrhea and later growth performance from 3 week postweaning were improved as dietary barley level increased.

Earratum to: Evaluation of barley to replace milk by-product in weaning pig’s diet

( Kyung Young Jin ),( Jin Su Hong ),( Dong Wook Sin ),( Hyo Kon Kang ),( Yun Young Jo ),( Geon Il Lee ),( Xing Hao Jin ),( Jae Cheol Jang ),( Jae Hark Jeong ),( Yoo Yong Kim ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.3

Chloroplast genomic comparison of two sister species Allium macranthum and A. fasciculatum provides valuable insights into adaptive evolution

Hao Li,Deng‑Feng Xie,Jun‑Pei Chen,Song‑Dong Zhou,Xing‑Jin He 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.5

Background Allium macranthum and Allium fasciculatum are two sister species and their natural populations are separated by high mountains and deep valleys with exact opposite habitat. The chloroplast genome in angiosperms has showed useful for investigating plant evolution and systematic studies. Objective Comparative analysis of these genomes revealed potential markers and phylogenetic analysis, and discuss the influence of positive selected sites on adaptive evolution. Methods Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of these two species and analyzed the repeat sequences components, nucleotide diversity, selection pressure and the phylogeny relationships with related species. Results A typical quadripartite structure was detected with a genome size changed from 152,148 to 152,931 bp. We identified 67 and 79 simple sequence repeats in A. macranthum and A. fasciculatum, in which the mono-nucleotide repeats A/T possess the highest percentage. Three mutational hotspots (rpl32, rps16 and matK) at the SSC and LSC regions were observed, which showed remarkably higher Pi value (> 0.03). Additionally, eight genes (rpoA, atpF, cemA, rps4, ccsA, rpoC2, rpl14 and clpP) exhibited elevated pairwise Ka/Ks ratios in alpine species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the CDS sequences and the whole complete genomes showed same topologies with high support, and A. macranthum was closely clustered with A. fasciculatum within the fourteen Amaryllidaceae species. Conclusion Their coding proteins of these genes often functioned in chloroplast protein synthesis, gene transcription, energy transformation and regulation and photosynthesis. These results provide valuable insights into the alpine species adaptation and evolution.

Experimental study on the injection and spray characteristics of biodiesel and diesel fuel within a common rail system

( Hao Yue Zhu ),( Zhen Huang ),( Jin Xiao ),( Jun Xing Hou ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

In this paper, the injection characteristics and macroscopic spray behavior of biodiesel and diesel fuel within a common rail system are investigated. The injection rate is measured with Bosch method, spray visualization system is employed to study the macroscopic spray characteristics of both fuels. The results show that the injection delays of biodiesel and diesel are almost the same. Comparing to diesel, injection duration of biodiesel is a little longer and injection fuel quantity is a little larger. The macroscopic spray result shows, with increased injection pressure, the tip penetration of biodiesel becomes longer and the spray cone angle becomes larger. When ambient pressure increases, the injection tip penetration becomes shorter and the spray cone angle becomes larger. Comparing to diesel, injection tip penetration of biodiesel is longer and spray cone angle is smaller, because the kinematic viscosity and surface tension of biodiesel are larger than those of diesel. The difference of spray characteristics of both fuels is no longer obvious under higher injection pressure. With increased ambient pressure, the difference of spray tip penetration of both fuels becomes larger, and the difference of spray cone angle become smaller.

Electronic resistance switching in the Al/TiO(x)/Al structure for forming-free and area-scalable memory.

Shao, Xing Long,Zhou, Li Wei,Yoon, Kyung Jean,Jiang, Hao,Zhao, Jin Shi,Zhang, Kai Liang,Yoo, Sijung,Hwang, Cheol Seong RSC Pub 2015 Nanoscale Vol.7 No.25

<P>Electronic bipolar resistance switching (eBRS) in an Al/TiOx/Al structure, where the TiOx layer was reactively sputter-deposited, was examined in conjunction with a structural analysis using transmission electron microscopy. A thin (3-5 nm) insulating Al(Ti)O-x layer was formed at the bottom Al electrode interface, which provided the necessary asymmetric potential barrier for the eBRS to emerge, whereas the top Al electrode interface appeared to have provided the fluent carrier (electron) injection. The set and reset switching were related to the trapping and detrapping of the carriers at the trap centers, the characteristic energy of which was similar to 0.86 eV, across the entire electrode area. The general features of this material system as the feasible RS memory were insufficient: endurance cycle, <similar to 8000, and retention time at 85 degrees C, 10(6) s. However, the detailed analysis of the switching behavior based on the space-charge limited current conduction mechanism, and its variation with the switching cycles, provided useful information on the general features of the eBRS, which could also be applicable to other binary (or even ternary) metal-oxide RS systems based on the electronic switching mechanism.</P>

특별강연(特別講演) 및 학술연구(學術硏究) 발표요지(發表要旨) : 제2분야: 잡초 생리생태 ; 인삼포에서 우산이끼의 발생 및 생장특성

신향일 ( Xing Ri Shen ),김창호 ( Chang Hao Jin ),노석원 ( Sug Won Roh ),변종영 ( Jong Yeong Pyon ) 한국잡초학회 2005 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.25 No.2

Laminarin improves developmental competence of porcine early stage embryos by inhibiting oxidative stress

Jiang, Hao,Liang, Shuang,Yao, Xue-Rui,Jin, Yong-Xun,Shen, Xing-Hui,Yuan, Bao,Zhang, Jia-Bao,Kim, Nam-Hyung Elsevier 2018 Theriogenology Vol.115 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Laminarin (LMA), a β-glucan mixture with good biocompatibility, improves the growth performance and immune response when used as food additives and nutraceuticals. The aim of the present research was to explore the effects of LMA on porcine early stage embryo development, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the developmental competence of porcine early stage embryos was dramatically improved after LMA supplementation during the in vitro culture period. The presence of 20 μg/mL LMA during the in vitro culture period significantly improved cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rates, hatching rate, and total cell number in the blastocyst compared to that in the control group. Notably, LMA attenuated the intracellular reactive oxygen species generation induced by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. Furthermore, LMA not only increased intracellular glutathione levels, but also ameliorated mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the expression of a zygotic genome activation related gene (<I>YAP1</I>), pluripotency-related genes (<I>OCT4</I>, <I>NANOG,</I> and <I>SOX2</I>), and hatching-related genes (<I>COX2</I>, <I>GATA4,</I> and <I>ITGA5</I>) were up-regulated following LMA supplementation during porcine early stage embryo development. These results demonstrate that LMA has beneficial effects on the development of porcine early stage embryos via regulation of oxidative stress. This evidence provides a novel method for embryo development improvement associated with exposure to LMA.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Laminarin has beneficial effects on the development of porcine early stage embryos. </LI> <LI> Laminarin attenuates intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. </LI> <LI> Laminarin increases intracellular glutathione levels and ameliorates ΔΨm. </LI> <LI> Laminarin up-regulates the expression of ZGA/pluripotency/hatching related genes. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of reducing dietary crude protein level on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, and odor emissions in growing-finishing pigs

Aaron Niyonsaba,Xing Hao Jin,Yoo Yong Kim Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.10

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a low-protein diet on growth performance, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and odor emissions in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 126 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of 38.56±0.53 kg were used for a 14-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to one of 6 treatments in 3 replicates of 7 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed each treatment diet with different levels of crude protein (CP). Phase 1 (early growing): 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%; phase 2 (late growing): 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%; phase 3 (early finishing): 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%; phase 4 (late finishing): 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%. All experimental diets in each phase were contained the same concentration of lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Trp). Results: Over the entire experimental period, there was no significant difference in BW, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio among all treatments (p>0.05), but a quadratic effect (p = 0.04) was observed in average daily gain (ADG) during the late finishing phase with higher ADG in Group D. Blood urea nitrogen concentration linearly increased with an increase in dietary CP levels (p<0.01). Regarding nutrient digestibility, excreted nitrogen in urine and feces and nitrogen retention linearly increased as the CP level increased (p<0.01). A linear effect was observed with increasing CP levels in amines, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide in odor emissions (p<0.01). No significant effects were observed in the measurements of carcass traits and meat characteristics (p>0.05). Conclusion: In phase feeding, reducing the CP level to 14% in early-growing pigs, 13% in late-growing pigs, 12% in early-finishing pigs, and 11% in late-finishing pigs is recommended.