Conceptual design and analysis of remote steering system for CFETR ECRH system

Chao Zhang,Xiaojie Wang,Dajun Wu,Yunying Tang,Hanlin Wang,Dingzhen Li,Fukun Liu,Muquan Wu,Peiguang Yan,Xiang Gao,Jiangang Li Korean Nuclear Society 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.2

In order to optimize the operational safety and reliability of the upper launcher for the CFETR ECRH system, a design of the launcher based on the remote steering concept is currently being carried out for comparison with the front steering equivalent. This paper presents the remote steering system's conceptual design and simulation analysis. A Square Corrugated Waveguide (SCW) of 65 × 65 mm has been designed with an optimized length of 9.35 m. By changing the relative length of the waveguide, the transmission efficiency of the SCW is optimized within the range of steering angles ±12°. Different error factors are investigated in detail, and corresponding acceptable error ranges are provided. Considering these error factors and ignoring ohmic losses and thermal effects, the relative transmission efficiency of the SCW is estimated to be >98 % within the steering angle range. A matching steering unit for the SCW is designed, which consists of an ellipsoidal focusing mirror and a steerable flat mirror. The detailed design of the steerable mirror motion trajectory is presented. Also, the influence of the possible beam incident errors caused by the steering unit on the transmission efficiency is analyzed in detail.

Quasi-optical design and analysis of a remote steering launcher for CFETR ECRH system

Chao Zhang,Wang Xiaojie,Wu Dajun,Tang Yunying,Wang Hanlin,Li Dingzhen,Liu Fukun,Wu Muquan,Yan Peiguang,Gao Xiang,Li Jiangang 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.5

In order to optimize the operational safety and reliability of the upper launcher for the CFETR ECRH system, a design of the launcher for NTM control based on the remote steering concept is currently being carried out for comparison with the front steering equivalent. This paper presents the layout design and analysis of the quasioptical system in the remote steering launcher. A 3D visual quasi-optical design tool has been developed for the quasi-optical system, which can parameterize modeling, perform general astigmatic beam calculation and show the accurate beam propagation path in the upper port. Three identical sets of quasi-optical modules are arranged in the launcher, and each one consists of two fixed double-curvature focusing mirrors, which focus and reflect the steering beams ( 12◦–12◦) from two square corrugated waveguides. The beam characteristics at the resonance layer are described, and the average beam radius is < 100 mm. The peak head loads on the surfaces of the two fixed mirrors are 1.63 MW/m2 and 1.52 MW/m2. The position and size of the beam channel in the blanket are obtained, and the opening apertures on the launcher-facing and plasma-facing sides of the blanket module are 0.54 m2 and 0.4 m2, respectively.

Experimental Investigation of the Deformation and Failure Behavior of a Tunnel Excavated in Mixed Strata Using Transparent Soft Rock

Yuanhai Li,Shuo Yang,Xiaojie Tang,Yanfeng Ding,Qi Zhang 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.3

To investigate the deformation and failure behavior of a tunnel excavated in mixed strata, transparent soft rock test and numerical simulations were performed. The distribution features of displacement and failure and the evolution laws were analyzed. In this study, a transparent material for simulating mixed strata was developed. The visualization of the spatial deformation inside rock masses will improve the understanding of this process. The tests suggest that the mechanical properties of transparent soft rock are similar to those of natural rock. Experiments on the isotropic and mixed strata conditions were carried out to study the deformation rules during tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation. The test results show that the dominant deformation position and direction exist in isotropic and mixed strata. A shear slip band occurs in both mixed and isotropic strata but with different distributions. Finally, numerical simulations were conducted to study the failure process, and the damage pattern of the transparent soft rock experiment was similar to that of the numerical simulation. The interface of the softness and hardness layers controls the extension of rock damage.

IL-6-miR-210 Suppresses Regulatory T Cell Function and Promotes Atrial Fibrosis by Targeting Foxp3

Chen, YingWei,Chang, GuoDong,Chen, XiaoJie,Li, YunPeng,Li, HaiYu,Cheng, Dong,Tang, Yi,Sang, HaiQiang Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020 Molecules and cells Vol.43 No.5

The aim of this study was to explore the role of IL-6-miR-210 in the regulation of Tregs function and atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation (AF). The levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in AF patients were detected by using ELISA. Proportions of Treg cells were detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis in AF patients. The expression of Foxp3, α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III were determined by western blot. The atrial mechanocytes were authenticated by vimentin immunostaining. The expression of miR-210 was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). TargetScan was used to predict potential targets of miR-210. The cardiomyocyte transverse sections in AF model group were observed by H&E staining. The myocardial filaments were observed by masson staining. The level of IL-6 was highly increased while the level of IL-10 (Tregs) was significantly decreased in AF patients as compared to normal control subjects, and IL-6 suppressed Tregs function and promoted the expression of α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III. Furthermore, miR-210 regulated Tregs function by targeting Foxp3, and IL-6 promoted expression of miR-210 via regulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). IL-6-miR-210 suppresses regulatory T cell function and promotes atrial fibrosis by targeting Foxp3.

Determination and prediction of amino acid digestibility in brown rice for growing-finishing pigs

Ouyang Qing,Li Rui,Feng Ganyi,Hou Gaifeng,Jiang Xianji,Liu Xiaojie,Tang Hui,Long Ciming,Yin Jie,Yin Yulong 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.8

Objective: The experiment aimed to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in 10 brown rice samples fed to pigs, and to construct predictive models for SID of CP and AA based on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of brown rice.Methods: Twenty-two cannulated pigs (initial body weight: 42.0±1.2 kg) were assigned to a replicated 11×3 incomplete Latin square design, including an N-free diet and 10 brown rice diets. Each period included 5 d adaptation and 2 d ileal digesta collection. Chromic oxide was added at 0.3% to all the diets as an indigestible marker for calculating the ileal CP and AA digestibility.Results: The coefficients of variation of all detected indices for physical characteristics and chemical composition, except for bulk weight, dry matter (DM) and gross energy, in 10 brown rice samples were greater than 10%. The SID of CP, lysine (Lys), methionine, threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Trp) in brown rice was 77.2% (62.6% to 85.5%), 87.5% (80.3% to 94.3%), 89.2% (78.9% to 98.9%), 55.4% (46.1% to 67.6%) and 92.5% (86.3% to 96.3%), respectively. The best prediction equations for the SID of CP, Lys, Thr, and Trp were as following, SIDCP = –664.181+8.484×DM (R2 = 0.40), SIDLys = 53.126+6.031×ether extract (EE)+0.893×thousand-kernel volume (R2 = 0.66), SIDThr = 39.916+7.843×EE (R2 = 0.41), and SIDTrp = –361.588+4.891×DM+0.387×total starch (R2 = 0.85).Conclusion: Overall, a great variation exists among 10 sources of brown rice, and the thousand-grain volume, DM, EE, and total starch can be used as the key predictors for SID of CP and AA. Objective: The experiment aimed to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in 10 brown rice samples fed to pigs, and to construct predictive models for SID of CP and AA based on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of brown rice. Methods: Twenty-two cannulated pigs (initial body weight: 42.0±1.2 kg) were assigned to a replicated 11×3 incomplete Latin square design, including an N-free diet and 10 brown rice diets. Each period included 5 d adaptation and 2 d ileal digesta collection. Chromic oxide was added at 0.3% to all the diets as an indigestible marker for calculating the ileal CP and AA digestibility. Results: The coefficients of variation of all detected indices for physical characteristics and chemical composition, except for bulk weight, dry matter (DM) and gross energy, in 10 brown rice samples were greater than 10%. The SID of CP, lysine (Lys), methionine, threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Trp) in brown rice was 77.2% (62.6% to 85.5%), 87.5% (80.3% to 94.3%), 89.2% (78.9% to 98.9%), 55.4% (46.1% to 67.6%) and 92.5% (86.3% to 96.3%), respectively. The best prediction equations for the SID of CP, Lys, Thr, and Trp were as following, SIDCP = –664.181+8.484×DM (R2 = 0.40), SIDLys = 53.126+6.031×ether extract (EE)+0.893×thousand-kernel volume (R2 = 0.66), SIDThr = 39.916+7.843×EE (R2 = 0.41), and SIDTrp = –361.588+4.891×DM+0.387×total starch (R2 = 0.85). Conclusion: Overall, a great variation exists among 10 sources of brown rice, and the thousand-grain volume, DM, EE, and total starch can be used as the key predictors for SID of CP and AA.