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Yafei Li,Xiaocheng Lan,Boyang Liu,Tiefeng Wang 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.107 No.-
A stable and highly efficient supported Cu-Ni catalysts for the conversion of ethyl levulinate (EL) toc-valerolactone (GVL) was developed. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, TPD, TPR, andXPS. The support effect of metal oxides (Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, and TiO2) revealed that Cu-Ni supported onAl2O3 showed the highest activity for EL hydrogenation to ethyl 4-hydroxypentanoate (EHP) and thesubsequent intramolecular esterification of EHP to GVL. EHP intramolecular esterification to GVL in theethanol solution was a reversible reaction with an equilibrium constant of 24 at 453 K. A simplified reactionkinetic network was established. The solvent had a significant influence on the reaction equilibriumand the catalyst stability. Cu-Ni/Al2O3 in n-hexane solvent gave a higher GVL yield than that in ethanolsolvent, and showed better recyclability than that in toluene solvent. With optimizing the conditions, Cu-Ni/Al2O3 gave 99.9% conversion and 98% selectivity to GVL with a space–time yield of 1.13 gGVL gcat-1 h1 inn-hexane solvent with good recyclability.
Yixin Leng,Yun Zhang,Chunxiang Huang,Xiaocheng Liu,Yuzhen Wu 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.4
The solid super acid catalyst SO4 2−/ZrO2 was prepared by impregnation method using ZrO2 as the catalyst support. Catalyst forming was taken into consideration in order to separate catalyst from the mixture of cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). Al2O3 and sesbania gum powder were selected as binding agent and auxiliary agent respectively. The catalytic properties were evaluated through esterification of cellulose with acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and characterized by XRD, FTIR and NH3-TPD. In this paper, the effects of concentration of H2SO4 impregnated, calcination temperature, esterification temperature and esterification time on the yield, acyl content and viscosity of CAP were investigated. The results showed that SO4 2−/ZrO2 successfully catalyzed CAP synthesis over catalysts impregnated in 0.75 mol/L H2SO4 and calcined at 500 oC. The yield, acetyl content and propionyl content of CAP reached the maximum value of 105.3%, 29.9% and 25.8% reacted at 50 oC for 8 h.
Leng, Yixin,Zhang, Yun,Huang, Chunxiang,Liu, Xiaocheng,Wu, Yuzhen Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.4
The solid super acid catalyst $SO{_4}^{2-}$/$ZrO_2$ was prepared by impregnation method using $ZrO_2$ as the catalyst support. Catalyst forming was taken into consideration in order to separate catalyst from the mixture of cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). $Al_2O_3$ and sesbania gum powder were selected as binding agent and auxiliary agent respectively. The catalytic properties were evaluated through esterification of cellulose with acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and characterized by XRD, FTIR and $NH_3$-TPD. In this paper, the effects of concentration of $H_2SO_4$ impregnated, calcination temperature, esterification temperature and esterification time on the yield, acyl content and viscosity of CAP were investigated. The results showed that $SO{_4}^{2-}/ZrO_2$ successfully catalyzed CAP synthesis over catalysts impregnated in 0.75 mol/L $H_2SO_4$ and calcined at $500^{\circ}C$. The yield, acetyl content and propionyl content of CAP reached the maximum value of 105.3%, 29.9% and 25.8% reacted at $50^{\circ}C$ for 8 h.