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Decay Heat Estimation of Spent Fuel Assemblies for Decommissioning of Kori Units 3 and 4
Wonjune Mah,Chang-Lak Kim,Sun-kee Lee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2
This paper mainly focuses on the maximum decay heat estimation generated from spent fuel assemblies in the spent fuel pool of Kori units 3&4 at the beginning decommissioning. It is assumed that the spent fuel pool is fully occupied with 2,260 spent fuel assemblies, same as its design capacity. In addition, equally 56.5 spent fuel assemblies have been generated per year. The minimum cooling time is five years considering the transition phase between the permanent shutdown and the amendment of Operating License for decommissioning. Sending and receiving of spent fuel assemblies to/from other units are neglected. Seven representative spent fuel assembly groups are established based on the burnup rate and cooling time. Conservatively high values for the burnup rates and low values for the cooling times are applied. Calculation of the decay heat of each representative group has been performed by using ORIGEN decay solver of SCALE. Then, total decay heat has been calculated based on this. Group 1, 2, and 3 contain comparatively old spent fuel assemblies with 45 GWd/tU burnup rate and 20~30 cooling years. The calculation shows 489~586 watts of decay heat per assembly. Group 4, 5, 6, and 7 contain comparatively new spent fuel assemblies with 55 GWd/tU burnup rate and 5~20 cooling years. The calculation shows 741~1,483 watts of decay heat per assembly. The total maximum decay heat therefore is estimated as 1,609,459 watts.
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Aliveness detection based on multispectral analysis for touchless fingerprint recognition
Wonjune Lee,Jungin Lee,Heeseung Choi,Jaihie Kim 대한전자공학회 2010 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1
Recently, several researches in touchless fingerprint recognition system has been carried out. However, the touchless system is still vulnerable to spoof attacks by artificial fingerprints. In this paper, we introduce an aliveness detection method with multispectral analysis in touchless fingerprint recognition system. Our fingerprint acquisition device includes green, yellow and red illuminations for capturing the fingerprint images. Multispectral properties, especially reflectance of finger are extracted from the acquired fingerprint images under the each of illuminations. These features which can discriminate between live and fake fingerprint images are used and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is applied to classify live and spoof fingerprint image. In our data set, proposed method achieved 0% EER (Equal Error Rate). The results show that our approach can provide an efficient and effective aliveness detection method in the touchless fingerprint image recognition system.
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Wonjune Mah,Chang-Lak Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.20 No.3
Operating and decommissioning nuclear power plants generates radioactive waste. This radioactive waste can be categorized into several different levels, for example, low, intermediate, and high, according to the regulations. Currently, low and intermediate-level waste are stored in conventional 200-liter drums to be disposed. However, in Korea, the disposal of intermediate-level radioactive waste is virtually impossible as there are no available facilities. Furthermore, large-sized intermediate- level radioactive waste, such as reactor internals from decommissioning, need to be segmented into smaller sizes so they can be adequately stored in the conventional drums. This segmentation process requires additional costs and also produces secondary waste. Therefore, this paper suggests repurposing the no-longer-used spent nuclear fuel casks. The casks are larger in size than the conventional drums, thus requiring less segmentation of waste. Furthermore, the safety requirements of the spent nuclear fuel casks are severer than those of the drums. Hence, repurposed spent nuclear fuel casks could better address potential risks such as dropping, submerging, or a fire. In addition, the spent nuclear fuel casks need to be disposed in compliance with the regulations for low level radioactive waste. This cost may be avoided by repurposing the casks.
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Theaflavin indicates protection on vascular endothelium via hydrogen sulfide production
Lee WonJune,Terada Tomoko,Jiang WenQian,Zhang YiQian,Miyazaki Hitoshi,Yoshida Shigek 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2024 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.20 No.3
Background Tea polyphenols have different beneficial effects on vascular endothelium through the controlled production of nitric oxide (NO), regulation of cell proliferation, and antioxidant system. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been proposed as the gaseous signaling molecule in the vascular endothelium. In this study, we investigated the differences in biological functions with tea polyphenols through NO and H2S production in vascular endothelium. Objective Providing high potential therapeutic effect on vascular endothelium with theaflavin. Results Theaflavin significantly stimulated H2S production in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) by 1.51-fold compared to the control, while EGCG showed no effect. Both EGCG and theaflavin increased NO production (1.63 and 2.16-fold vs control), eNOS (1.45- and 1.74-fold vs control), p-eNOS (1.41-, 2.01-fold vs control), wound healing (1.30- and 1.75-fold vs control), and oxidative stress-induced reduction of cell viability (89.0 and 94.0% vs control). The potency of theaflavin was found to be higher than that of EGCG. Upon treatment with 100 μM DL-propargylglycine (PPG) to inhibit cystathionine-γ-lyase activity, all cell responses were suppressed in both EGCG and theaflavin treatments, and the reduction rate in the theaflavin treatment was higher than that of the control and EGCG treatments in all responses. Conclusion These results indicate that the protective effect of VECs is dependent on NO production and that both EGCG and theaflavin have therapeutic potential for VECs. Theaflavin has a relatively higher therapeutic potential than EGCG due to its ability to increase H2S production, which in turn affects NO production and biological activity. Background Tea polyphenols have different beneficial effects on vascular endothelium through the controlled production of nitric oxide (NO), regulation of cell proliferation, and antioxidant system. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been proposed as the gaseous signaling molecule in the vascular endothelium. In this study, we investigated the differences in biological functions with tea polyphenols through NO and H2S production in vascular endothelium. Objective Providing high potential therapeutic effect on vascular endothelium with theaflavin. Results Theaflavin significantly stimulated H2S production in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) by 1.51-fold compared to the control, while EGCG showed no effect. Both EGCG and theaflavin increased NO production (1.63 and 2.16-fold vs control), eNOS (1.45- and 1.74-fold vs control), p-eNOS (1.41-, 2.01-fold vs control), wound healing (1.30- and 1.75-fold vs control), and oxidative stress-induced reduction of cell viability (89.0 and 94.0% vs control). The potency of theaflavin was found to be higher than that of EGCG. Upon treatment with 100 μM DL-propargylglycine (PPG) to inhibit cystathionine-γ-lyase activity, all cell responses were suppressed in both EGCG and theaflavin treatments, and the reduction rate in the theaflavin treatment was higher than that of the control and EGCG treatments in all responses. Conclusion These results indicate that the protective effect of VECs is dependent on NO production and that both EGCG and theaflavin have therapeutic potential for VECs. Theaflavin has a relatively higher therapeutic potential than EGCG due to its ability to increase H2S production, which in turn affects NO production and biological activity.
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이원준(Wonjune Lee) 동양사학회 2015 東洋史學硏究 Vol.131 No.-
When the World War Ⅱ had ended, the ethnic Korean socialists who had been working in the Yanbian(延邊) area began to search for a new political order by organizing the Korean masses of Yanbian in their own way. But it was not long before the CCP had intervened and put a stop to this effort. The Han nationality party leaders who had moved in to this area from Yanan(延安) had took control of the upper level party organization of Yanbian by the end of 1945. After dominating the upper level party organization and restricting the power of the Korean socialists of Yanbian, the CCP had moved on to the next stage of infiltrating their power of control to the local society of the Yanbian area. To this end, the CCP in Yanbian had set about their land redistribution campaign, similar to the process widely in activation in the CCP’s rural base areas. In the process of the campaign, the CCP in Yanbian had succeeded in mobilizing the masses and organizing the grass root party organization in the local society of Yanbian. Due to the CCP’s strengthened power of control over the Yanbian society made possible by the land redistribution campaign, the CCP was able to establish the people’s government’s lower level administration system, which enhanced the institutionalization process of Yanbian’s rural base areas. Owing to the success of the land redistribution campaign and the establishment of the administration system in Yanbian area, it was possible for the CCP to get a firm grip of power over the Korean masses in Yanbian, which in time brought about a more clearly defined policy of the local status of the Korean people in Yanbian. They were evidently prescribed as an ethnic minority of China, and they had to become a legal citizen of the people’s government in order to fully secure their gains of the land redistribution and participate in the administration system of Yanbian. Though they were defined as an ‘ethnic minority which has a homeland’, it was evident that their sense of homeland would change in time as the CCP’s nation building effort would get on track.
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李沅埈(Wonjune Lee) 중국근현대사학회 2015 중국근현대사연구 Vol.67 No.-
Since the later half of the Chinese civil war period(1945-1949), the CCP had prepared for the establishment of a new country by developing new policies, and city takeover policy was one of them. Nevertheless, their plans for the establishment of urban administrative structure were quite vague and undetermined at the time of their Beijing takeover. Under this circumstance, the CCP had adopted a three-layered administrative structure(市-?-街), which they had been applying to in the rural base-areas, in most of the cities under their control. But as the experience of city takeover had accumulated, the problems of the three-layered administrative structure had emerged, and the CCP reformed the structure into a one-layered administrative structure(市) in June 1949, in the purpose of enhancing the central control of the city government. But again, this new system created unpredicted problems that weakened the central control of the city government, and the CCP had finally established a ‘two-layered government(市-?) plus subdistrict office(街道辦事處) and residents committee(居民委員會)’ model at Beijing in June 1953. Although this system could not have been perfect, it could be said that it was the most effective way that the CCP had found out after trials and errors for forcing centralized control in urban societies. Centralization of power and institutionalization of rule were the key policies that the CCP had adopted in preparing for the foundation of a new state, and the above mentioned trials and errors of city governance were one of the experiments that were made to fulfill that cause.
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李沅埈(Wonjune Lee) 중국근현대사학회 2018 중국근현대사연구 Vol.79 No.-
In the capital debate of the 1940’s, Xi’an(西安), Beiping(北平), and Nanjing(南京) were the cities that earned the most support for the postwar China’s capital. This article has compared the three cities’ arguments from the perspective of defense strategy, and has found out that the arguments can generally be divided into three categories. People who supported Xi’an emphasized ‘inland defense(陆防lufang)’ based on the traditional defense strategy concept. On the contrary, people who supported Nanjing emphasized ‘maritime defense(海防haifang)’ based on the changed international situation since mid 19th century. Beiping was supported as China’s new capital on the basis that it was capable of countering both inland and maritime threats. The intellectuals who participated in the debate raised arguments based on their view of the future military threats facing China in the postwar years, and their claims can be generally classified into three categories, which are ‘inland defense strategy(陆防论)’, ‘maritime defense strategy(海防論)’, and ‘inland and maritime defense strategy(陸海兼顧論)’. In the viewpoint that both debates were focused on analyzing the military threats facing China and discussing what defense strategy to choose in the future, the 1940’s capital debate is historically similar to the defense strategy debate of 1874-75. The two debates bear historical resemblance in that the participants were absorbed in analyzing the major military threats confronting China and proposing which defense strategy(inland or maritime) China should adapt to confront it. Whether the core of the military threats facing China at the time was on the continent, at sea, or both, the people who participated in the debate presented appropriate alternatives based on their analysis. Although the alternatives showed a certain difference with the passage of time, they were fundamentally based on three categories, and in that point, the two debates could be discussed in the same historical context.
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