Effects of hydrophilic compounds in purple rice husk on AFB1-induced mutagenesis

Angkhana Nilnumkhum,Charatda Punvittayagul,Arpamas Chariyakornkul,Rawiwan Wongpoomchai,R. Wongpoomchai 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2017 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.13 No.2

Rice husk has been shown to possess cancer chemopreventive activity. This study focused on mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the crude acidified methanolic extract of purple rice husk and its solvent- partitioned fractions using a Salmonella mutation assay and rat liver micronucleus test. The purple rice husk extracts were not mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA98, but were mutagenic in TA100 (crude extract and its hydrophilic fractions). There was no significant mutagenicity of purple rice husk extracts in rat liver. The rice husks possessed antimutagenicity against AFB1-induced mutagenesis in both bacterial and animal models. The dichloromethane-partitioned fraction (DPF) showed the highest antimutagenicity. Vanillic acid, a major phenolic compound found in DPF, exhibited antimutagenicity against AFB1 in both bacterial and rat models. The inhibitory mechanism was associated with the induction of detoxifying enzymes in AFB1 metabolism of rat liver. These findings suggested that vanillic acid may be a principal antimutagenic compound in purple rice husk.

Taste-Active and Nutritional Components of Thai Native Chicken Meat: A Perspective of Consumer Satisfaction

Lengkidworraphiphat, Phatthawin,Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan,Bunmee, Thanaporn,Chariyakornkul, Arpamas,Chaiwang, Niraporn,Jaturasitha, Sanchai Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2021 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.41 No.2

The taste-active and nutritional components of Thai native, broilers, black-boned, and spent hen chickens were analyzed. The amounts of tasty amino acids especially glutamic acid were the highest in Thai native chicken. The black-boned chicken had the highest arginine content, related to the least amount of consumer satisfaction. Concerning nutritional quality, choline, and taurine were deemed important for brain function. The black-boned chicken showed the highest choline and taurine contents, unlike that of the spent hens. In contrast, broilers presented the highest betaine content, which might be attributed to their lipid metabolism. L-carnitine content was abundant in black-boned and Thai native chickens. Moreover, the amounts of essential amino acids were high in Thai native chicken. In conclusion, black-boned chicken proved to be an excellent nutritional source for health-conscience consumers, whereas the Thai native chickens were flavourful and delicious.

Preventive Effects of Spirogyra neglecta and a Polysaccharide Extract against Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Colitis in Mice

Taya, Sirinya,Kakehashi, Anna,Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan,Gi, Min,Ishii, Naomi,Wanibuchi, Hideki Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Ulcerative colitis (UC) results from colonic epithelial barrier defects and impaired mucosal immune responses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the modifying effects of a Spirogyra neglecta extract (SNE), a polysaccharide extract (PE) and a chloroform fraction (CF) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to determine the mechanisms. To induce colitis, ICR mice received 3% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. Seven days preceding the DSS treatment, oral administration of SNE, PE and CF at doses of 50, 25 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (low dose), 200, 100 and 1 mg/kg body weight (high dose) and vehicle was started and continued for 14 days. Histologic findings showed that DSS-induced damage of colonic epithelial structure and inflammation was attenuated in mice pre-treated with SNE, PE and CF. Furthermore, SNE and PE significantly protected colonic epithelial cells from DSS-induced cell cycle arrest, while SNE, PE and CF significantly diminished apoptosis. Proteome analysis demonstrated that SNE and PE might ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by inducing antioxidant enzymes, restoring impaired mitochondria function, and regulating inflammatory cytokines, proliferation and apoptosis. These results suggest that SNE and PE could prevent DSS-induced colitis in ICR mice by protection against and/or aiding recovery from damage to the colonic epithelium, reducing ROS and maintaining normal mitochondrial function and apoptosis.

Effect of genotypes on macronutrients and antioxidant capacity of chicken breast meat

Phatthawin Lengkidworraphiphat,Rawiwan Wongpoomchai,Sirinya Taya,Sanchai Jaturasitha 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.11

Objective: The increasing consumer awareness of food, which can provide health benefits and potentially aid disease prevention, has become the driving force of the functional food market. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chicken genotype on the macronutrient content, bioactive peptide content, and antioxidant capacity within different breast meat. Methods: In this experiment, three genotypes of chicken, Thai indigenous, black-boned, and broiler (control), were reared with commercial feed under the same conditions. Thirty chickens were slaughtered at typical market age and the breasts were separated from the carcass to determine macronutrient content using the AOAC method. The antioxidant capacities of the chicken breasts were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant assays and the protein pattern was investigated using gel electrophoresis. Carnosine and anserine, which have antioxidant properties in animal tissue, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The results showed that breast meat from Thai indigenous chickens had a greater macronutrient content and higher antioxidant capacity compared with the other genotypes (p<0.05). The protein pattern was similar between genotypes, however Thai indigenous chickens had the greatest myosin and actin content (p<0.05). In addition, carnosine and anserine values were greatest in the black-boned and Thai indigenous chickens compared with the broiler genotype (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thai indigenous chicken breast meat may be classified as a functional food as it has good nutritional value and is rich in antioxidant peptides.

Purple Rice Bran Extract Attenuates the Aflatoxin B1-Induced Initiation Stage of Hepatocarcinogenesis by Alteration of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes

Suwannakul, Nattawan,Punvittayagul, Charatda,Jarukamjorn, Kanokwan,Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Pigmented rice bran has been suggested to be a valuable source of beneficial phytochemicals. We investigated genotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects of purple rice bran extract (PRBE) in rats using a liver micronucleus assay. Purple rice bran was extracted with methanol, obtaining large amounts of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins and small amounts of gamma-oryzanol. The experimental protocols were divided into two sets. Male rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was a negative control, while Groups 2 and 3 were fed with 100 and 500 mg/kg bw of PRBE, respectively, for 28 days. PRBE had no effect on micronucleus formation or xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Experiments concerning the effect of PRBE on $AFB_1$ showed that PRBE significantly lessened the amount of micronucleated hepatocytes in $AFB_1$ treated rats. Furthermore, it modulated metabolic activation of $AFB_1$ metabolism in the liver by suppressing activity and protein expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A and CYP 450 reductase, and enhancing phase II enzymes including GST and UGT. Overall, purple rice bran extract was not genotoxic in rats. It exhibited anti-genotoxicity by modulation some xenobiotic enzymes active in $AFB_1$ metabolism.

Antimutagenic and Antioxidant Activities of Thai Rice Brans

Orapin Insuan,Arpamas Chariyakornkul,Yuwada Rungrote,Rawiwan Wongpoomchai 대한암예방학회 2017 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.22 No.2

Background: Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain, and contains high amounts of bioactive phytochemicals. Here, we investigated and compared chemopreventive properties of purple and white rice bran extracts. Methods: Rice bran was extracted with dichloromethane and methanol. Chemical constituents in the extracts were analyzed by colorimetric assay and high performance liquid chromatography. The mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the extracts were determined via the Salmonella mutation assay. The anticarcinogenic enzyme induction and antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined using Hepa1c1c7 cells and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, respectively. Results: The methanol extracts of rice bran contained high amounts of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phytic acid, whereas large amounts of γ-oryzanol and vitamin E were presented in the dichloromethane extract. None of the extracts were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium. All rice bran extracts had strong antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B1- and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline-induced mutagenesis. The inhibitory effect against 2-aminofluorene-induced mutagenesis was found in the dichloromethane extract, while only the methanol extract of purple rice bran exhibited antimutagenic effects against benzo(a)pyrene. None of the extracts induced quinone reductase activity in Hepa1c1c7 cells. Additionally, the greatest antioxidant capacity was found in the methanol extract of purple rice bran. Conclusions: The methanol extract of purple rice bran containing high amount of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phytic acid showed the most effective antioxidant and antimutagenic activities by inhibiting mutagenic metabolizing enzymes and/or scavenging free radicals. These results demonstrate the nutritional and medical value of Thai rice for cancer prevention.

Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Extracts of Thai Northern Purple Rice

Punvittayagul, Charatda,Sringarm, Korawan,Chaiyasut, Chaiyawat,Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.21

Purple rice (Oryza sativa L. var. indica) cv. Kum Doisaket is cultivated in northern Thailand. This study evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of hydrophilic and lipophilic components of purple rice using the Ames test. The seed and hull of purple rice were extracted with hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water. The methanol extracts had the highest amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids, while the hexane extracts contained large amount of tocols and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol. None of the extracts were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. The hexane extract of rice hull and the methanol extract of rice seed were strongly effective against aflatoxin B1- and 2-amino-3, 4 dimethylimidazo (4, 5-f) quinoline-induced mutagenesis, while aqueous extracts showed weakly antimutagenic properties. All extracts with the exception of aqueous extracts enhanced the number of revertant colonies from benzo (a) pyrene induced-mutagenesis. None of the extracts inhibited mutagenesis induced by the direct mutagens 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide and sodium azide. The hull extracts showed more potent antimutagenicity than the seed extracts. Based on a chemical analysis, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol in the hull and cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside in the seed are candidate antimutagens in purple rice. The antimutagenic mechanisms of purple rice might be related to either modulation of mutagen metabolizing enzymes or direct attack on electrophiles. These findings supported the use of Thai purple rice as a cancer chemopreventive agent.

Cancer Chemopreventive Effect of Spirogyra Neglecta (Hassall) Kützing on Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats

Thumvijit, Tarika,Taya, Sirinya,Punvittayagul, Charatda,Peerapornpisal, Yuwadee,Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.4

Spirogyra neglecta, a freshwater green alga, is a local food in the northern and northeastern parts of Thailand. This investigation explored the anticarcinogenicity of S neglecta and its possible cancer chemopreventive mechanisms in rats divided into 14 groups. Groups 1 and 10 served as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Groups 1-9 were intraperitoneally injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) once a week for 3 weeks. Groups 10-14 received normal saline instead. One week after the last DEN injection, groups 2-5 were administered for 9 consecutive weeks various doses of S neglecta extract (SNE) and dried S neglecta (SND), mixed with basal diet. Groups 6-9 and 11-14 similarly were administered various doses of SNE and SND starting from the first week of the experiment. Administration of SNE and SND was not associated with formation of glutathione-Stransferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in rat liver. SNE and SND during initiation phase significantly reduced the number of GST-P positive foci in rats injected with DEN. The number of GST-P also diminished in groups treated with SNE and SND after injection with DEN, except for the low dose extract group. SNE showed stronger anticarcinogenic potency than SND. Furthermore, SNE also decreased the number of Ki-67 positive cells. However, the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in the liver of the SNE-treated groups were not statistically different from the controls. The GST activity in 50 mg/kg bw of SNE and 1% of SND groups was significantly increased as compared to the positive control. In conclusion, Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) K$\ddot{u}$tzing showed cancer chemopreventive properties at the early stages of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Possible inhibitory mechanisms include enhancement of the activities of some detoxifying enzymes and/or suppression of precancerous cells.

Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of the methanol extract of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala seed using a Salmonella mutation assay and rat liver micronucleus tests

Wanida Inboot,Sirinya Taya,Anuruk Chailungka,Puttinan Meepowpan,Rawiwan Wongpoomchai 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2012 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.8 No.1

Clesitocalyx nervosum var. paniala, an edible fruit found in some parts of Southeast Asia including Thailand, contains high amounts of polyphenols and has multiple biological activities. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of methanol extracts of C. nervosum seeds via a Salmonella mutation assay and a rat liver micronucleus test. C. nervosum extract was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98and TA100 in both the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Furthermore, C. nervosum seed extract presented antigenotoxicity against aflatoxin B1, MeIQ and AF-2 induced mutagenesis. Clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity of C. nervosum seed extracts were determined in rat livers. Male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with 5%tween-80 as a vehicle control. Group 2 received 1,000mg/kg bw of methanol seed extract and groups 4-6were fed with 20, 100 and 1,000 mg/kg bw of seed extracts, respectively for 21 days. At day 15 and 18 of the experiment, treated rats in groups 3-6 were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg bw of diethylnitrosamine to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. At day 22, all rats were partially hepatectomized to amplify mutated hepatocytes. C. nervosum seed extract did not affect micronucleus formation in rat livers, but did slightly decrease the frequencies of micronucleated hepatocytes of diethylnitrosamine treated rats. In conclusion,the methanol extract of C. nervosum seed may contain chemopreventive compounds against carcinogenesis.

Cleistocalyx nervosum Extract Ameliorates Chemical-Induced Oxidative Stress in Early Stages of Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis

Taya, Sirinya,Punvittayagul, Charatda,Inboot, Wanida,Fukushima, Shoji,Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Purpose: To study the effect of Cleistocalyx nervosum extract (CE) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB) induced oxidative stress in early stages of rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, with Group 1 as a negative control and Group 2 was a positive control receiving DEN injections once a week and PB in drinking water for 6 weeks. Two weeks before DEN initiation and PB treatment, Groups 3 and 4, were fed with 500 and 1000 mg/kg of CEs, respectively, for 8 weeks. Results: A number of GST-P-positive foci, preneoplastic lesions, in the liver were markedly increased in carcinogen administered rats, but was comparatively decreased in rats treated with 1000 mg/kg of CE. The CE reduced malondialdehyde in serum and in the livers of rats treated with DEN and PB. Moreover, CE significantly increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in rat liver. Conclusions: CE appeared to exert its chemopreventive effects by modulating antioxidant status during DEN and PB induced early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.