http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Kyu-shik Jeong,정원일,Jae-yong Chung,Mi-young An,Chae-yong Jung,Gyoung-jae Lee,Jong-soo Kang,Byeong-cheol Kang,Young-heun Jee,Bruce H Williams,Young-oh Kwon,Da-hee Jeong 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2
Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck (Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV)Da-hee Jeong, Won-il Jeong, Jae-yong Chung, Mi-young An, Chae-yong Jung, Gyoung-jae Lee1, Jong-soo Kang1, Byeong-cheol Kang2, Young-heun Jee3, Bruce H Williams4, Young-oh Kwon5 and Kyu-shik Jeong*College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea1Shinwon Scientific Co., LTD, Research Institute, Suwon, Korea2Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea3College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
Williams, MichaelP. A.,Ethirajan, Manivannan,Ohkubo, Kei,Chen, Ping,Pera, Paula,Morgan, Janet,White, William H.,Shibata, Masayuki,Fukuzumi, Shunichi,Kadish, Karl M.,Pandey, Ravindra K. American ChemicalSociety 2011 Bioconjugate chemistry Vol.22 No.11
<P>Purpurinimide methyl esters, bearing variable lengthsof N-substitutions,were conjugated individually to a cyanine dye with a carboxylic acidfunctionality. The results obtained from <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> studies showed a significant impactof the linkers joining the phototherapeutic and fluorescence imagingmoieties. The photosensitizer–fluorophore conjugate with aPEG linker showed the highest uptake in the liver, whereas the conjugatelinked with two carbon units showed excellent tumor-imaging and PDTefficacy at 24 h postinjection. Whole body imaging and biodistributionstudies at variable time points portrayed enhanced fluorescent uptakeof the conjugates in the tumor compared to that in the skin. Interestingly,the conjugate with the shortest linker and the one joining with twocarbon units showed faster clearance from normal organs, e.g., theliver, kidney, spleen, and lung, compared to that in tumors. Bothimaging and PDT efficacy of the conjugates were performed in BALB/cmice bearing Colon26 tumors. Compared to the others, the short linkerconjugate showed poor tumor fluorescent properties and as a corollarydoes not exhibit the dual functionality of the photosensitizer–fluorophoreconjugate. For this reason, it was not evaluated for <I>in vivo</I> PDT efficacy. However, in Colon26 tumor cells (<I>in vitro</I>), the short linker was highly effective. Among the conjugates withvariable linkers, the rate of energy transfer from the purpurinimidemoiety to the cyanine moiety increased with deceasing linker length,as examined by femtosecond laser flash photolysis measurements. Noelectron transfer from the purpurinimide moiety to the singlet excitedstate of the cyanine moiety or from the singlet excited state of thecyanine moiety to the purpurinimide moiety occurred as indicated bya comparison of transient absorption spectra with spectra of the one-electronoxidized and one-electron reduced species of the conjugate obtainedby spectroelectrochemical measurements.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bcches/2011/bcches.2011.22.issue-11/bc200345p/production/images/medium/bc-2011-00345p_0016.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bc200345p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Application and testing of a triple bubbler sensor in molten salts
Williams A.N.,Shigrekar A.,Galbreth G.G.,Sanders J. 한국원자력학회 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.7
A triple bubbler sensor was tested in LiCleKCl molten salt from 450 to 525 C in a transparent furnace to validate thermal-expansion corrections and provide additional molten salt data sets for calibration and validation of the sensor. In addition to these tests, a model was identified and further developed to accurately determine the density, surface tension, and depth from the measured bubble pressures. A unique feature of the model is that calibration constants can be estimated using independent depth measurements, which allow calibration and validation of the sensor in an electrorefiner where the salt density and surface tension are largely unknown. This model and approach were tested using the current and previous triple bubbler data sets, and results indicate that accuracies are as high as 0.03%, 4.6%, and 0.15% for density, surface tension, and depth, respectively
The Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2011: Dynamical Modeling of the Broad-line Region
Williams, Peter R.,Pancoast, Anna,Treu, Tommaso,Brewer, Brendon J.,Barth, Aaron J.,Bennert, Vardha N.,Buehler, Tabitha,Canalizo, Gabriela,Cenko, S. Bradley,Clubb, Kelsey I.,Cooper, Michael C.,Filippen American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.866 No.2
Williams, A.F.,Leitch, B.W.,Wang, N. Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.7
This paper describes a finite element model of the microstructure of dispersion type nuclear fuels, which can be used to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the fuels during irradiation. The model simulates a representative region of the fuel as a prism shaped unit cell made of brick elements. The elements within the unit cell are assigned material properties of either the fuel or the matrix depending on position, in such a way as to represent randomly distributed fuel particles with a size distribution similar to that of the as manufactured fuel. By applying an appropriate heat flux across the unit cell it is possible to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the unit cell as a function of the volume fraction of the fuel particles. The presence of a fuel/matrix interaction layer is simulated by the addition of a third set of material properties that are assigned to the finite elements that surround each fuel particle. In this way the effective thermal conductivity of the material may also be determined as a function of the volume fraction of the interaction layer. Work is on going to add fission gas bubbles in the fuel as a fourth phase to the model.
Williams, J.,Dellapenna, T.,Louchouarn, P.,Lee, G.h. Academic Press in association with the Estuarine a 2015 Estuarine, coastal and shelf science Vol.167 No.2
The rapid economic growth of the Republic of Korea (S. Korea) within the last half-century has resulted in a pronounced increase in anthropogenic Hg emission from coal combustion, oil refining, cement production, and waste incineration. The record of increasing atmospheric sources have been investigated with a historical reconstruction of Hg accumulation in 30 sediment cores collected from the Yeongsan Estuary. Within the last several decades, this region has undergone severe anthropogenic alteration, including the construction of an estuarine dam forming the Yeongsan Lake, and installation of numerous seawalls that eliminated vast tidal flats and restricted estuarine circulation. Total mercury concentrations (T-Hg) measured in sediments deposited after 1980 (23.2 +/- 9.6 ng g<SUP>-1</SUP>; n = 273), were significantly higher than those reported for pre-industrial sediments (i.e. background values: 8.6 +/- 2.7 ng g<SUP>-1</SUP>; n = 274). An extensive survey of surface samples show that T-Hg concentrations are highest above the dam, with a gradient to lower values further offshore. The concomitant timing of enrichment of T-Hg within the sedimentary record and increased National emissions in Korea suggests that regional sources dominate the input to the Yeongsan Estuary. This indicates that with sufficient regional historic emission data, T-Hg might be utilized as a geochronologic tool to aid in corroborating traditional radioisotopic methods.
Hypersensitive site 6 of the Th2 locus control region is essential for Th2 cytokine expression
Williams, Adam,Lee, Gap Ryol,Spilianakis, Charalampos G.,Hwang, Soo Seok,Eisenbarth, Stephanie C.,Flavell, Richard A. National Academy of Sciences 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.110 No.17
<P>The T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine genes <I>Il4</I>, <I>Il5</I>, and <I>Il13</I> are contained within a 140-kb region of mouse chromosome 11 and their expression is controlled by a locus control region (LCR) embedded within this locus. The LCR is composed of a number of DNase I–hypersensitive sites (HSs), which are believed to encompass the regulatory core of the LCR. To determine the function of these sites, mutant mice were generated in which combinations of these HSs had been deleted from the endogenous LCR, and the effect on Th2 cytokine expression was assessed through the use of in vivo and in vitro models. These experiments revealed that, although all of the hypersensitive sites analyzed are important for appropriate LCR function, some sites are more important than others in regulating cytokine expression. Interestingly, each LCR mutation showed contrasting effects on cytokine expression, in some cases with mutants displaying opposing phenotypes between in vitro cultures and in vivo immunizations. These studies indicated that Rad50 hypersensitive site 6 was the singularly most important HS for Th2 cytokine expression, displaying consistent reductions in cytokine levels in all models tested. Furthermore analysis of chromatin modifications revealed that deletion of Rad50 hypersensitive site 6 impacted epigenetic modifications at the promoters of the <I>Il4</I>, <I>Il5</I>, and <I>Il13</I> genes as well as other regulatory sites within the Th2 locus.</P>