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Extracting phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by cyclohexanone, a highly efficient extractant
Weibin Cai,Haihan Wang,Q. Gary Yang,Tiankun Liu,Yujun Wang 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and diisopropyl ether (DIPE) are two commonly used extractants in industry,but their efficiency in extracting phenols, especially polyhydroxyphenols, is low. In the work, ahighly-efficient extractant was proposed to extract phenolic compounds, including polyhydroxyphenols. The interactions between three extractants, cyclohexanone (CYC), MIBK and DIPE, and phenols were analyzedby the COSMO-RS method and CYC shows stronger interactions with phenols than MIBK and DIPE. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) show that strong hydrogen bonds areformed between CYC and phenolic compounds, in agreement with the results of the COSMO-RS method. The effects of concentration, temperature and pH values on the extractant performance were studied. Results showed that the performance of CYC is the best, followed by MIBK and DIPE, whose performanceis the worst. As CYC was used as the extractant, the distribution coefficients of the three phenolic compounds,phenol, resorcinol and phloroglucinol, are 96.7, 47.8, 13.0, respectively. These values are 35%,263%, and 160% larger than those of phenol, resorcinol and phloroglucinol, respectively, correspondingto MIBK. CYC is a highly-efficient extractant for the extraction of phenolic compounds, includingpolyhydroxyphenol.
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Wei Bin,Guo Ying,Ou Xiaoqi,Lin Liyan,Su Zhenzhen,Li Lixin,Wu XiaoJuan,Cai Bei 대한진단검사의학회 2023 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.43 No.5
Background: There is no standard cut-off value of serum IgG4 concentration and serum IgG4/total IgG ratio for the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) or as a marker of treatment responses. We aimed to explore this issue through a retrospective cohort analysis of adults in southwest China. Methods: The diagnostic performance of serum IgG4 concentration and IgG4/IgG ratio for IgG4-RD was evaluated in a retrospective analysis of 177 adults newly diagnosed as having IgG4-RD and 877 adults without IgG4-RD. Dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of serum IgG4 concentration on IgG4-RD treatment responses. Results: The serum IgG4 concentration differed according to sex. The optimal cut-off values of serum IgG4 concentration and IgG4/IgG ratio for IgG4-RD diagnosis were 1.92 g/L and 0.12 in males and 1.83 g/L and 0.11 in females, respectively. For patients with serum IgG4 concentration >2.01 g/L, the cut-off values in the total population were >3.00 g/L and 0.19, respectively. The median serum IgG4 concentration decreased over time, and the decrease rate increased over time. The serum IgG4 concentration significantly decreased at >1 week post-treatment (P=0.004), and the median decrease rate was close to 50% at >4 weeks post-treatment. Conclusions: Serum IgG4 can be a good indicator for IgG4-RD diagnosis; however, different diagnostic cut-off values should be determined according to sex. The decreasing rate is more conducive than the serum IgG4 concentration to monitor treatment efficacy. The IgG4/IgG ratio did not improve the diagnostic efficacy for IgG4-RD.
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