Provisional Designation of the Interleukin-6 Receptor (IL-6R) as a Novel Marker Gene for Exercise Tolerance

Richard Webb(Richard Webb ),Alison Early(Alison Early ),Bethan Scarlett(Bethan Scarlett ),Jack Andrew Clark(Jack Andrew Clark ),Jumo Doran(Jumo Doran ),Daniel Nash(Daniel Nash ),Michael G Hughes(Micha 사피엔시아 2021 Exercise Medicine Vol.5 No.-

Objectives: Genomic markers linked to exercise-associated health benefits and/or sporting performance are increasingly used to guide decision-making in healthcare and sport/exercise science. This project investigated whether the IL-6R SNP “rs2228145” might be provisionally designated a novel physical activity/exercise marker. rs2228145 results in an Aspartate358/Alanine358 change adjacent to the site where the IL-6R protein is cleaved into two fragments, resulting in ~two-fold increases in blood-borne levels of soluble IL-6R [‘sIL-6R’]. Methods: Cohorts of staff/students at Cardiff Metropolitan University donated/completed: [i] finger-prick capillary blood samples (subjected to ELISAs for sIL-6R, the associated signalling protein sgp130, and the IL-6/sIL-6R complex); [ii] cheek-swab samples containing buccal epithelial cell DNA (subjected to PCR-based IL-6R/rs2228145 genotyping assays); [iii] International Physical Activity Questionnaires (to estimate physical activity levels in the week preceding sample donation). Results: As expected, we observed significant genotype-dependent differences in blood-borne sIL-6R levels (CC (44.1±21.7ng/mL) vs. AC (28.6±7.3ng/mL) vs. AA (19.9±6.5ng/mL; P<0.05)); Importantly, AA homozygotes undertook significantly more physical activity than AC heterozygotes (6318±899 v. 3904±2280 MET-mins/week; P<0.01). Genotype was significantly associated with physical activity levels (P<0.05), and sIL-6R (P=0.197) and sgp130 (P=0.160) showed non-significant correlations with physical activity levels. Conclusions: These data suggest that IL-6R/rs2228145 genotype may influence participation in physical activity/exercise, perhaps by impacting on abilities to tolerate activity without experiencing adverse-effects. Although more research is required to confirm these preliminary findings, designation of IL-6R/rs2228145 as a novel marker, and determination of participants’ IL-6R/rs2228145 genotypes, may in future be useful tools to aid exercise-providers in designing personalised exercise programmes matched to clients/patients.

The impact of parametrized convection on cloud feedback

Webb, Mark J.,Lock, Adrian P.,Bretherton, Christopher S.,Bony, Sandrine,Cole, Jason N. S.,Idelkadi, Abderrahmane,Kang, Sarah M.,Koshiro, Tsuyoshi,Kawai, Hideaki,Ogura, Tomoo,Roehrig, Romain,Shin, Yech The Royal Society Publishing 2015 Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical Vol.373 No.2054

<P>We investigate the sensitivity of cloud feedbacks to the use of convective parametrizations by repeating the CMIP5/CFMIP-2 AMIP/AMIP + 4K uniform sea surface temperature perturbation experiments with 10 climate models which have had their convective parametrizations turned off. Previous studies have suggested that differences between parametrized convection schemes are a leading source of inter-model spread in cloud feedbacks. We find however that ‘ConvOff’ models with convection switched off have a similar overall range of cloud feedbacks compared with the standard configurations. Furthermore, applying a simple bias correction method to allow for differences in present-day global cloud radiative effects substantially reduces the differences between the cloud feedbacks with and without parametrized convection in the individual models. We conclude that, while parametrized convection influences the strength of the cloud feedbacks substantially in some models, other processes must also contribute substantially to the overall inter-model spread. The positive shortwave cloud feedbacks seen in the models in subtropical regimes associated with shallow clouds are still present in the ConvOff experiments. Inter-model spread in shortwave cloud feedback increases slightly in regimes associated with trade cumulus in the ConvOff experiments but is quite similar in the most stable subtropical regimes associated with stratocumulus clouds. Inter-model spread in longwave cloud feedbacks in strongly precipitating regions of the tropics is substantially reduced in the ConvOff experiments however, indicating a considerable local contribution from differences in the details of convective parametrizations. In both standard and ConvOff experiments, models with less mid-level cloud and less moist static energy near the top of the boundary layer tend to have more positive tropical cloud feedbacks. The role of non-convective processes in contributing to inter-model spread in cloud feedback is discussed.</P>

LEARNING - BY - TRADING AND COMMERCIAL POLICY

WEBB, MICHAEL 한국국제경제학회 1993 International Economic Journal Vol.7 No.4

I first review the evidence that trade directly promotes technological progress, and of the roles of preparing-b-doing and adapting-by-doing. I use a simple model to show that when trade directly promotes progress, there may be a first-best argument for temporarily subsidizing trade. In analyze learning-by-trading in combination with preparing-by-doing or adapting-by-doing, plus the intersectoral spread of acquired technology. Two policy conflicts can occur that reverse policy prescriptions over time, calling for the sequential use of trade impediments and subsidies or production taxes and subsidies. [F13]

Characterization of Chlorophenol 4-Monooxygenase (TftD) and NADH:FAD Oxidoreductase (TftC) of Burkholderia cepacia AC1100

Webb, Brian N.,Ballinger, Jordan W.,Kim, Eunjung,Belchik, Sara M.,Lam, Ka-Sum,Youn, Buhyun,Nissen, Mark S.,Xun, Luying,Kang, ChulHee American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2010 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.285 No.3

Anti-inflammatory Compounds from New Zealand Marine Organisms

Webb, Victoria L.,Pearce, A. Norrie,Maas, Elizabeth W. The Korean Society for Marine Biotechnology 2006 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.1 No.3

The market for anti-inflammatory drugs is large and is expanding rapidly as populations age. Key to the development of new drugs are novel chemotypes. Marine organisms harbour a diverse range of unique compounds with applications in a multitude of disease indications. This review looks at anti-inflammatory compounds isolated from New Zealand marine organisms.

The Use of Enzymes to Diagnoses the Deficiency Copper in Plants

Webb, John 생화학분자생물학회 1988 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.4

Recently, much attentions have been paid on lipid peroxides in human body, mainly because of their involvement in pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis and the aging. In the present lecture, a micro-method for the assay of serum lipid peroxide level, which was devised by the lecturer, will be introduced first. Then, the intervention of lipid peroxides in pathogenesis of some diseases will be mentioned. The relation to the vascular disorders will be described from both experimental and clinical observations. The role of lipid peroxides in provoking cataract will be proposed. It will be emphasized that the pathological increase of lipid peroxides in any tissue or organ results in their leakage to the blood serum, which in turn injures an intact tissue or organ.

On Semiotic Ideology

Webb Keane 한국외국어대학교 HK 세미오시스 연구센터 2018 Signs and Society Vol.6 No.1

This article reviews the concept of semiotic ideology and its implications. Semiotic ideology refers to people’s underlying assumptions about what signs are, what functions signs serve, and what consequences they might produce. Those assumptions vary across social and historical contexts. But semiotic ideology as such is not a kind of false consciousness, nor is it something that some people have and others do not. Rather, semiotic ideology manifests the reflexivity that is inherent to the general human sign-using capacity. It ties general semiotic processes to specific judgments of ethical and political value: to take a sign a certain way is to take seriously the world it presupposes and, often, the life that that world recommends. Two examples show how attention to semiotic ideologies sheds light on the articulation of general semiotic processes with particular social, cultural, and political ones. The analysis of social class helps show some political implications of semiotic ideologies. Clashes over the status of religious signs reveal the ontological and ethical entailments of semiotic ideologies, in which the very existence of a sign’s object may be in dispute. Such ongoing semiotic processes help endow social existence with much of its constructive, uncertain, and conflictual character.

Advances In Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger Technology for Residential Air-Conditioning

Webb Ralph L.,Kim Nae-Hyun The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2005 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.13 No.4

This paper describes the recent work on advanced technology concepts applied to air cooled heat exchangers for residential air-conditioning. The concepts include vortex generators for the air-side, micro-fin or flat tubes for the refrigerant-side. Advances in understanding of heat transfer mechanisms, predictive models are discussed.

Advances in Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger Technology

Webb, Ralph,Kim, Nae-Hyun GORDON & BREACH PUBLISHERS 2007 JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER Vol.14 No.1

Flipping a Chinese University EFL Course : What Students and Teachers Think of the Model

Marie Webb,Evelyn Doman,Kerry Pusey 아시아영어교육학회 2014 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.11 No.4

“Flipping” the classroom is an instructional strategy in which students do homework in class and classwork at home, with the ultimate goal of spending more in-class time on problem-solving and individualized instruction (Lage, Platt, & Treglia, 2000). Although this strategy has been embraced by K-12 teachers in the United States, research into applying the “flipped” model in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context at the university level has yet to be published. To address this issue, an experiment was conducted with intermediate level EFL classes at a university in Macau, China. Data from observations and surveys revealed that initially the flipped model did not match learner expectations of teacher roles in the classroom. However, at the end of the 15-week course, students in the experimental classes requested additional flipped materials and appeared more comfortable with the model. Additional findings from teaching journals uncovered that three out of the four teachers recommend the flipped approach for promoting creativity and opportunities for higher order learning in the classroom. The journals also indicated some skepticism among teachers in regards to applying the flipped concept to language instruction and struggles with student engagement with the materials.