TRAMP Prostate Tumor Growth Is Slowed by Walnut Diets Through Altered IGF-1 Levels, Energy Pathways, and Cholesterol Metabolism

김현숙,Wallace Yokoyama,Paul Andrew Davis 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.12

Dietary changes could potentially reduce prostate cancer morbidity and mortality. Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) prostate tumor responses to a 100 g of fat/kg diet (whole walnuts, walnut oil, and other oils; balanced for macronutrients, tocopherols [a-and c]) for 18 weeks ad libitum were assessed. TRAMP mice (n = 17 per group) were fed diets with 100 g fat from either whole walnuts (diet group WW), walnut-like fat (diet group WLF, oils blended to match walnut’s fatty acid profile), or as walnut oil (diet group WO, pressed from the same walnuts as WW). Fasted plasma glucose was from tail vein blood, blood was obtained by cardiac puncture, and plasma stored frozen until analysis. Prostate (genitourinary intact [GUI]) was weighed and stored frozen at - 80 C. Plasma triglyceride, lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma multianalyte levels (Myriad RBM Rat Metabolic MAP), prostate (GUI), tissue metabolites (Metabolon, Inc., Durham, NC, USA), and mRNA (by Illumina NGS) were determined. The prostate tumor size, plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), high density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol all decreased significantly (P< .05) in both WW and WO compared to WLF. Both WW and WO versus WLF showed increased insulin sensitivity (Homeostasis Model Assessment [HOMA]), and tissue metabolomics found reduced glucose-6-phosphate, succinylcarnitine, and 4-hydroxybutyrate in these groups suggesting effects on cellular energy status. Tissue mRNA levels also showed changes suggestive of altered glucose metabolism with WW and WO diet groups having increased PCK1 and CIDEC mRNA expression, known for their roles in gluconeogenesis and increased insulin sensitivity, respectively. WW and WO group tissues also had increased MSMB mRNa a tumor suppressor and decreased COX-2 mRNA, both reported to inhibit prostate tumor growth. Walnuts reduced prostate tumor growth by affecting energy metabolism along with decreased plasma IGF-1 andcholesterol. These effects are not due to the walnut’s N-3 fatty acids, but due to component(s) found in the walnut’s fat component.

Effects of moisture content on mechanical properties, transparency, and thermal stability of yuba film

Zhang, Siran,Kim, Nayeon,Yokoyama, Wallace,Kim, Yookyung Elsevier 2018 Food chemistry Vol.243 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Yuba is the skin formed at the surface during the heating of soymilk. The 3rd, 7th, and 11th films were evaluated for properties at different RH. At 39% RH, the 11th film had the lowest moisture, while the 3rd film had the highest moisture. However, at 75% RH, reverse moisture results were obtained. The tensile strengths of the 3rd and 11th films were highest at 15% moisture, whereas the tensile strength of the 7th film was highest at 25% moisture. Elongation of the 3rd (127%) and 11th (85%) films were highest at 25% moisture. The light transmittance of the films was low and opaque at 5% moisture. The films were transparent at 23%–28% moisture, but became opaque as the moisture increased. The films at 39% RH (Δ<I>H</I>, 113–203J/g) had higher thermal stability than those at 87% RH (Δ<I>H</I>, 315–493J/g). Moisture content markedly changed the yuba film properties.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Yuba is a soy protein-lipid network formed on a heated soymilk surface. </LI> <LI> Moisture content has a significant effect on yuba film properties. </LI> <LI> Yuba with 25% moisture, stored at 39% RH, appears to have the most potential. </LI> <LI> These results are useful for developing yuba as edible film. </LI> </UL> </P>

Cinnamon Intake Lowers Fasting Blood Glucose: Meta-Analysis

Paul A. Davis,Wallace Yokoyama 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.9

Cinnamon, the dry bark and twig of Cinnamomum spp., is a rich botanical source of polyphenolics that has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine and has been shown to affect blood glucose and insulin signaling. Cinnamon's effects on blood glucose have been the subject of many clinical and animal studies; however, the issue of cinnamon intake's effect on fasting blood glucose (FBG) in people with type 2 diabetes and/or prediabetes still remains unclear. A meta-analysis of clinical studies of the effect of cinnamon intake on people with type 2 diabetes and/or prediabetes that included three new clinical trials along with five trials used in previous meta-analyses was done to assess cinnamon's effectiveness in lowering FBG. The eight clinical studies were identified using a literature search (Pub Med and Biosis through May 2010) of randomized, placebo-controlled trials reporting data on cinnamon and/or cinnamon extract and FBG. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Biostat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA) was performed on the identified data for both cinnamon and cinnamon extract intake using a random-effects model that determined the standardized mean difference ([i.e., Change 1control – Change 2_(cinnamon)] divided by the pooled SD of the post scores). Cinnamon intake, either as whole cinnamon or as cinnamon extract, results in a statistically significant lowering in FBG (–0.49±0.2 mmol/L; n=8, P=.025) and intake of cinnamon extract only also lowered FBG (–0.48 mmol/L±0.17; n=5, P=.008). Thus cinnamon extract and/or cinnamon improves FBG in people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.

Effects of a Flavonol-Rich Diet on Select Cardiovascular Parameters in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model

Swati Kalgaonkar,Heidrun B. Gross,Wallace Yokoyama,Carl L. Keen 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.1

The concept that the consumption of a diet rich in flavonoids can be associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease is becoming increasingly accepted. In the present study we investigated the effects of the following four diets on blood pressure and cholesterol ester levels in hypercholesterolemic Golden Syrian hamsters: a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHC); a HFHC with 2% cranberry concentrate powder (HFHC+CE); a HFHC with 0.1% rutin (HFHC+Rutin); and a HFHC with 30mg/kg vitamin E (HFHC+Vit.E). Diets were fed for either 12 or 20 weeks. Over the experimental period, heart rate and blood pressure measurements increased in the animals fed HFHC and HFHC+Vit.E; in contrast, these measurements were not increased in the animals fed HFHC+CE and HFHC+Rutin. Mesenteric and total abdominal fat were significantly lower in the animals fed HFHC+Rutin than in animals fed the other three diets. Ratios of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and of plasma HDL-C to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in animals consuming HFHC+Vit.E than in animals fed the other three diets. Aortic cholesteryl ester levels were significantly lower in animals fed HFHC+CE, HFHC+Rutin, and HFHC+Vit.E at 20 weeks than in the animals fed HFHC. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly lower in animals fed HFHC+Rutin and HFHC+Vit.E, and glucose clearance rates improved in animals fed HFHC+Rutin compared to animals fed the other three diets. Results obtained from this study support the concept that the chronic consumption of a flavonoid-rich diet can be beneficial with respect to cardiovascular health.

Antiobesity Effect of Exopolysaccharides Isolated from Kefir Grains

Lim, Juha,Kale, Madhuvanti,Kim, Dong-Hyeon,Kim, Hong-Seok,Chon, Jung-Whan,Seo, Kun-Ho,Lee, Hyeon Gyu,Yokoyama, Wallace,Kim, Hyunsook American Chemical Society, Books and Journals Divi 2017 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.65 No.46

<P>Physiological properties of water-soluble exopolysaccharides (EPS) and residues after EPS removal (Res) from the probiotic kefir were determined in high-fat (HF) diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. EPS solutions showed rheological properties and lower viscosity compared to those of β-glucan (BG). EPS significantly suppressed the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Mice were fed HF diets containing 5% EPS, 5% BG, 8% Res, or 5% microcrystalline cellulose (control) for 4 weeks. Compared with the control, EPS supplementation significantly reduced HF diet-induced body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (<I>P</I> < 0.05). Res and BG significantly reduced body weight gain; however, reduction in adipose tissue weight was not statistically significant, suggesting that the antiobesity effect of EPS occurs due to viscosity and an additional factor. EPS supplementation significantly enhanced abundance of <I>Akkermansia</I> spp. in feces. These data indicate that EPS shows significant antiobesity effects possibly via intestinal microbiota alterations.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2017/jafcau.2017.65.issue-46/acs.jafc.7b03764/production/images/medium/jf-2017-037645_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf7b03764'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Dietary Supplementation of Chardonnay Grape Seed Flour Reduces Plasma Cholesterol Concentration, Hepatic Steatosis, and Abdominal Fat Content in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Hamsters

Kim, Hyunsook,Bartley, Glenn E.,Arvik, Torey,Lipson, Rebecca,Nah, Seung-Yeol,Seo, Kunho,Yokoyama, Wallace American Chemical Society 2014 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.62 No.8

<P>The mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic and antiobesity effects of grape seed flours derived from white and red winemaking processing were investigated using male Golden Syrian hamsters fed high-fat (HF) diets supplemented with 10% partially defatted grape seed flours from Chardonnay (ChrSd), Cabernet Sauvignon (CabSd), or Syrah (SyrSd) pomace as compared to a HF control diet for 3 weeks. Hamsters fed the ChrSd diet had significantly lowered plasma total-, VLDL-, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared to the CabSd, SyrSd, and control diets. The improved plasma cholesterol after ChrSd was correlated with the up-regulation of hepatic genes related to cholesterol (CYP51) and bile acid (CYP7A1) synthesis as well as LDL-cholesterol uptake (LDLR). A reduction of hepatic lipid content was associated with altered expression of the genes related to lipid metabolism. However, fecal total lipid content was not changed. Expression of ileal apical sodium bile acid transporter (ASBT) was not affected by ChrSd, indicating unchanged ileal bile acid reabsorption. The antiobesity effect of the ChrSd diet appears to be related to expression of adipogenesis- and inflammation-related genes in adipose tissue. These findings suggest that flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour induced cholesterol-lowering, antiobesity, and anti-inflammatory health benefits and attenuation of hepatic steatosis via regulation of gene expression related to cholesterol, bile acid, and lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2014/jafcau.2014.62.issue-8/jf404832s/production/images/medium/jf-2013-04832s_0005.gif'></P>

Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota Is Associated with Lower Plasma Cholesterol and Weight Gain in Hamsters Fed Chardonnay Grape Seed Flour

Kim, Hyunsook,Kim, Dong-Hyeon,Seo, Kun-ho,Chon, Jung-Whan,Nah, Seung-Yeol,Bartley, Glenn E.,Arvik, Torey,Lipson, Rebecca,Yokoyama, Wallace American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.63 No.5

<P>The relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the hypocholesterolemic and antiobesity effects of whole grape seed flour from white and red winemaking was evaluated. Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a high-fat (HF) control diet or a HF diet supplemented with 10% partially defatted grape seed flours from either Chardonnay (ChrSd) or Cabernet Sauvignon (CabSd) grapes for 3 weeks. The numbers of total bacteria and relative abundances of <I>Bifidobacterium</I> spp., <I>Lactobacillus</I> spp., and <I>Firmicutes</I> in feces were significantly lower, while the relative abundance of <I>Bacteroides fragilis</I> was greater than the control from feeding the ChrSd diet. The ratio of <I>Firmicutes</I>/<I>Bacteroidetes</I> (F/B) was lower in the ChrSd diet. There were significantly positive correlations between <I>Lactobacillus</I> spp., ratio of F/B, and plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol and liver weight. The reduction of <I>Lactobacillus</I> spp. by the ChrSd diet was accompanied by inhibition of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling in the intestine as expression of intestinal fibrablast growth factor (FGF)15, positively regulated by FXR, was decreased. Expression of CYP7A1, negatively regulated by FGF15, was up-regulated in the liver, which indicates that alteration of the intestinal microbiota may regulate bile acid and lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that beneficial health effects of Chardonnay grape seed flour on HF-induced metabolic disease relate in part to modulation of intestinal microbiota and their metabolic processes.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2015/jafcau.2015.63.issue-5/jf5026373/production/images/medium/jf-2014-026373_0005.gif'></P>