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Tatoba R. Waghmode,Mayur Bharat Kurade,Akhil N. Kabra,Sanjay P. Govindwar 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.1
Removal of azo dyes from the effluent generated by textile industries is rather difficult. Azo dyes represent a major class of synthetic colorants that are both mutagenic and carcinogenic. Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360, a yeast species, showed more than 96%decolorization of the azo dye Remazol Red (50 mg/L)within 36 h at 30oC and pH 11.0 under static condition with a significant reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (62%) and total organic carbon (41%). Peptone (5.0 g/L),rice husk (10 g/L extract), and ammonium chloride (5.0g/L) were found to be more significant among the carbon and nitrogen sources used. The presence of tyrosinase,NADH-DCIP reductase, riboflavin reductase and induction in azo reductase and laccase activity during decolorization indicated their role in degradation. High performance thin layer chromatography analysis revealed the degradation of Remazol Red into different metabolites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography analysis of samples before and after decolorization confirmed the biotransformation of dye. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis revealed a less toxic effect of the metabolites on iron uptake by Sorghum vulgare and Phaseolus mungo than Remazol Red dye. Remazol Red showed an inhibitory effect on iron uptake by chelation and an immobilization of iron, whereas its metabolites showed no chelation as well as immobilization of iron. Phytotoxicity study indicated the conversion of complex dye molecules into simpler oxidizable products which had a less toxic nature.
Awate, Shobhana Vaman,Waghmode, Suresh Babasaheb,Kashinath Rangu,Patil, Agashe, Mangala Shripad,Joshi, Praphulla Narahar 한국화학공학회 2001 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.18 No.2
Ultrasonication method was employed for preparation of zirconia-pillared montmorillonite (Zr-PILC) by using polyhydroxy zirconium cation. The influences of various preparation parameters such as pH, concentration of pillaring agent, aging period on physico-chemical properties of Zr-PILCs are reported. The characterization was done by using different characterizing tools such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FITR), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and surface area measurements. Effective pillaring was obtained in the pH range 2.0-2.8 at reduced preparation time by using ultrasonication. Ultrasonication, especially at higher pH and concentration of pillaring agent with no aging after ultrasonic agitation of the clay slurry was found to increase zirconium content and specific BET surface area leaving no scope for remarkable increase in d001 spacing. The presence of -OH groups attached to Zr has been revealed by pyridine-adsorbed FTIR, TG/DTA and XPS techniques. The acidic character, ease of accessibility and good dispersion of active sites in Zr-PILC were found to be controlling factors for the challenging activity in hydroxylation reaction of phenol. Probably, this first report on the use of Zr-PILC in hydroxylation of phenol and its preparation by employing ultrasonication technique may attract great attention in the catalysis area of academic and industrial importance.
Vapor-Phase Ethylation of Biphenyl over MTW Zeolites
Mulla, Shafeek Abdul Rashid,Waghmode, Suresh B.,Watanabe, Seiji,Maekawa, Hiroyoshi,Komura, Kenichi,Kubota, Yoshihiro,Sugi, Yoshihiro,Kim, Jong-Ho,Seo, Gon The Chemical Society of Japan 2006 Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan Vol.79 No.9
<P>Vapor-phase ethylation of biphenyl (BP) with ethanol over the MTW zeolites was examined by using a fixed-bed flow reactor, and compared to the catalyses over MOR and MFI zeolites. Two types of MTW zeolites: MTW-S (small crystal) and MTW-L (large crystal) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The selectivity for 4,4′-diethylbiphenyl (4,4′-DEBP) over the MTW zeolites was the highest among the other zeolites, such as MOR and MFI. The catalytic activity of MTW-S was higher than MTW-L. The selectivities for 4,4′-DEBP at 300 °C were ca. 30% for MTW-S and ca. 22% for MTW-L among the DEBP isomers. The dealumination of the MTW zeolites enhanced the selectivity for 4,4′-DEBP although the catalytic activity was slightly decreased. In particular, the selectivity for 4,4′-DEBP over dealuminated MTW-L by steaming and subsequent refluxing in hydrochloric acid increased from 22 to 42% at 300 °C. The enhancement of the selectivity for 4,4′-DEBP is due to the decrease in non-selective reactions at external acid sites because these sites are removed by the dealumination. The selectivities are higher than those of equilibrium mixtures, and the slimmest isomer. 4,4′-DEBP is preferentially formed due to the steric interaction of reactants and products with acidic sites in the MTW channels. Molecular modeling on the diffusion of products in the MTW channel suggests that 4,4′-DEBP isomer can diffuse most easily among DEBP isomers. 4,4′-DEBP and other isomers easily diffuse inside MOR channel; however, they cannot in the MFI channels. These results show that the formation of 4,4′-DEBP is the most favorable due to the diffusion and the restriction of transition state in the MTW channels.</P>
Kurade, Mayur B.,Waghmode, Tatoba R.,Xiong, Jiu-Qiang,Govindwar, Sanjay P.,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2019 Journal of cleaner production Vol.213 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Textile dyes are xenobiotic contaminants which pose a potential risk on the ecosystem upon their disposal to the water bodies. This study evaluated the efficiencies of different immobilization matrices for its utilization in a reactor with continuous mode operation for decolorization of textile effluent. An effective consortium of bacteria (<I>Brevibacillus laterosporus</I>) and yeast (<I>Galactomyces geotrichum</I>) were immobilized in different support matrices including calcium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, stainless steel sponge and polyurethane foam to investigate the decolorization of a model azo dye, Remazol red and textile industry effluent. The microbial consortia immobilized in stainless steel sponge and polyurethane foam exhibited 100% decolorization of 50 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> Remazol red in 11 and 15 h, respectively; however, calcium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol required considerably more time (20 and 24 h, respectively) for complete decolorization. Among all the matrices, The calcium alginate, stainless steel sponge and polyurethane foam showed >95% decolorization of textile industry effluent within 48 h. The calcium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol exhibited stable performance of decolorization with its repeated use for 5 cycles with >76% decolorization. An upflow fixed bed reactor (total volume- 215 mL) packed with the immobilized cells of consortium onto stainless steel sponge attained ∼90% decolorization of textile industry effluent in continuous operation at 10 mL h<SUP>−1</SUP>. The decolorization efficiency of the reactor was well maintained (>90%) when the reactor was used repeatedly for three cycles. The overall results indicated that immobilized mixed consortium cells can be considered as an effective tool for its potential application in removal of xenobiotic textile dyes from the textile industry wastewater with >90% of decolorization efficiency.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effective microbial consortium was immobilized in different support matrices. </LI> <LI> SS-sponge immobilized cells showed 100% decolorization of Remazol red in 11 h. </LI> <LI> Calcium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol showed stable decolorization of textile effluent. </LI> <LI> The upflow fixed bed reactor can be used for continuous decolorization of effluent. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kurade, M.B.,Waghmode, T.R.,Patil, S.M.,Jeon, B.H.,Govindwar, S.P. Elsevier 2017 Chemical engineering journal Vol.307 No.-
Textile industry effluents contain a variety of dyes, which are normally resistant to biodegradation. A bacterial-yeast consortium (Brevibacillus laterosporus and Galactomyces geotrichum) was used for decolorization of two real textile effluents (RTE) and a simulated synthetic effluent (SSE). It showed enhanced decolorization compared to that of individual microorganisms with decolorization efficiency of 89, 60 and 69% for RTE-1, RTE-2 and SSE respectively, within 48h. The cumulative action of oxido-reductive enzyme in the consortium was responsible for improved decolorization. Spectroscopic analysis suggested effective biodegradation of dyes present in the SSE by the consortium contrarily to the individual strains. The gradual biodegradation of each dye present in the SSE was monitored using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The consortium biodegraded all of the dyes within 1has compared to that of partial biodegradation by the individual microorganisms. A novel, triple layered fixed bed reactor was designed for continuous decolorization of effluent. It showed >80% decolorization (at 100mLh<SUP>-1</SUP>flow-rate), for a period of 7days, along with ~78% reduction in COD. The reproducibility of the bioreactor could be maintained for three consecutive cycles (7dayseach).
Haque, Md Mozammel,Biswas, Jatish Chandra,Waghmode, Tatoba R.,Kim, Pil Joo CSIRO Publishing 2016 Soil research Vol.54 No.3
<P> Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is cultivated during the cold fallow season in paddy soils of temperate countries such as South Korea and Japan, mostly as animal feed and green manure. Information on the effect of ageing of hairy vetch incorporation in relation to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) is not available. Therefore, hairy vetch biomass of ages 183, 190, 197, and 204 days was incorporated in paddy soil to estimate GWP during rice cultivation. The emission rates of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases were monitored once a week by using the closed-chamber method. The net ecosystem carbon budget was used to estimate pure CO2 emission fluxes. Biomass production of hairy vetch was 6.5 Mg ha-1 at 204 days, which was similar to other treatments. The GWP was lower with the 204-day-old vetch biomass incorporation than with other treatments. High content of cellulose and lignin in 204-day-old hairy vetch might have affected decomposition rate and subsequently reduced GHGs emissions during rice cultivation. Our results suggest that hairy vetch can be allowed to grow for 204 days before incorporation at 3 Mg ha-1 without sacrificing rice yield, while maximising biomass production and minimising GWP during rice cultivation. </P>